THE STRATEGY OF SATIRE TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN DONE BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LETTER DEPARTMENT

THE STRATEGY OF SATIRE TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN DONE BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LETTER DEPARTMENT A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Strata One FIDIA EKA PUTRI 1112026000002 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 1

ABSTRACT Fidia Eka Putri. The Strategy of Satire Translation from English into Indonesian Done By Students of English Letter Department. A thesis: English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2017. This research aimed to figure out how students of English Letter Department translated the satire and evaluate their works with cross cultural perspective. The research implemented qualitative research method in identifying their translation strategies. They selected 26 substitutions to translate 78 satires implying that non satire were chosen for it could be appropriate of related culture, 32 direct translation since the cultural barriers between two languages did not exist, 9 equivalences for expressing the comparable satire of (TL), 4 explication since additional information is required to overcome its translation difficulty and 7 omission for it was not important to transfer. The different values between source language (SL) and target language (TL) culture, especially in translating satire, occurred as they preferred direct translation instead of other strategies. Keywords: Satire translation, Translation Strategies, Cross cultural perspective i

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DECLARATION I hereby declare that this research is my own work and based on the best of my knowledge and belief. It contains neither previously published material or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extend has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institutes of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the next. Jakarta, 04 May 2017 Fidia Eka Putri iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Bismillahirohmanirrohim In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful May peace and blessing of Allah be upon all of us First of all, all praise be to Allah, lord of the universe, who provides us this opportunity and granting the capability to proceed successfully. Peace be upon dear our prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, his companions, and his followers. This thesis is the end of my journey to pursuing strata one (S1). This thesis has been kept on track and been seen through completion with the support and encouragement of numerous people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere gratitude toward them. Foremost, I would like to express my ingenuous gratitude to my advisor Mrs. Danti Pudjianti, S.Pd., MM., M.Hum. for the continuous support of my thesis, for her patience, enthusiasm, motivation, times, and immense knowledge. Then I would like to say thanks to: 1. Prof. Dr. Dede Rosyada, M.A. as the Rector of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Prof. Dr. Syukron Kamil, M.Hum. as the Dean of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic State University of Jakarta v

3. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd as the Head of English Letters Department, and also Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum as the Secretary of English Letters Department. 4. Lecturers and staffs of Faculty of Adab and Humanities I have been surrounded with a greatest, and lovely family. I dedicated this thesis to my beloved parents, even though they are not here with me I believe all of theirs prayers always in by my side to give me strength to finish this thesis, the power to achieve theirs dreams. May you Rest in Peace. Also I would like to say thank you for the only one young brother, Hanif, to always be reminder for me when I lazy to do this thesis. And also for my lovey dovey cat, abel, who always there sleep and eat, my mood booster. In my college life, I have a wonderful, crazy, and cheerful friends who always be there when up and down in life. Big thanks to Fubi s member ( Ervina, Fita, Arini, Dhorifah, Anis, Maulidina) for bearing my frustration and stress, and change it into laugh. Life is a lot easier with them. Thank you for a good memories, laugh and love. And Fitri, my companion in translation class, thank you for sharing stories and knowledge. Finally, I hope this research will be useful especially for myself and for those who are interested in this study. May Allah bless us. Ameen Jakarta, February 2017 The Writer vi

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.2.1: Caricature (Exaggeration).17 Figure 3.2.2: Caricature (Understatement).23 Figure 3.2.3: Caricature (Exaggeration).28 vii

LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Data Description...16 Table 5.1: Satire Translated by Group 1 40 Table 5.2: Satire Translated by Group 2 41 Table 5.3: Satire Translated by Group 3...43 viii

TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT...i APPROVEMENT..ii LEGALIZATION.iii DECLARATION...iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT...v LIST OF FIGURES.vii LIST OF TABLES..viii TABLE OF CONTENT ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study 1 B. Focus of the Study..2 C. Research Question..3 D. Objective of the Study 3 E. Significance of the Study...3 F. Research Methodology...4 1. Method of the Research...4 2. Technique of Data Analysis.4 3. Instrument of The Research.5 4. Unit of Analysis...5 CHAPTER II. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK ix

A. Previous Research 6 B. A Definition of Satire...7 1. Classification based on the attitude/stance.7 2. Type of Satire.8 C. Translating Satire.9 1....9 2. Equivalent Translation.10 3...11 4. Explication...11 5. Omission..12 D. Cultural Perspective...13 1. Australian Culture 13 2. Indonesian Culture...14 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS A. Data Description..16 B. Data Analysis..17 1. First Satire.17 2. Second Satire.23 3. Third Satire 28 C. Discussion...33 CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion...35 B. Suggestion...35 x

BIBLIOGRAPHY 37 APPENDICES..39 xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Norman Alfred William Lindsay, well-known as Norman Lindsay, was an Australian artist, etcher, sculptor, writer, editorial cartoonist, scale modeler and accomplished amateur boxer (Wikipedia). There are many literary works of him such as Novel, Poetry book, Children s books, and others. One of his popular works is a classic of Australian children s literature, The Magic Pudding in 1918. The interesting part of his book is even though mostly children like to read about fairies, Lindsay asserted they would rather read about food and fighting. The Magic Pudding Novel described as the funniest children s book. Those explanation leads the writer to analyze humor text especially in satire taken from The Magic Pudding Novel. Satire is part of humor, while speaking about humor does not mean it is only about brings out the laughter. Abrams stated in his book that Satire differs from the comic in that comedy evokes laughter mainly as an end in itself, while satire derides; that is, it uses laughter as a weapon and against a butt that exist outside the work itself (275). There are various techniques a satirist can employ and indicates satire, in this case the writer use three techniques to narrower the analysis: Understatement, Exaggeration, and Caricature. Translating satire is not easy because it is hard for non-native speaker to feel the satire. Different culture has different sense of satire. It is interesting to see how 1

2 translator translate satire. Either the translator keeps satire from the source text and make target readers confuse because of cultural barriers or change the sense of satire based on their cultural perspective. We can also know about the translation strategies the translator use to translate satire. For example: ST: He saved the Noble Buncle by Divin off the poop TT: Ia menolong sang Bangsawan Buncle dengan terjun ke laut dari buritan kapal Type of satire from the example above is Exaggeration. And the translation strategies used from the example is. The strategies to translate satire is related to their cultural perspective. In this research the cultural perspective being used are between Australian and Indonesian. The different values from each countries can cause the effect of translation. For example when we speaking about directness, in Australia is polite to be direct, but, in Indonesia being direct may interpreted as an impolite actions. Based on the background above, the writer try to analyze satire translation from The Magic Pudding Novel into its Indonesian text. This research entitled The Strategy of Satire Translation From English Into Indonesian Done by Students Of English Letter Department. B. Focus of the Study Based on the background of study above, the focus of the research to determining the types of satire appear in The Magic Pudding Novel and its translation strategies employ to translate satire in target text based on cultural

3 perspective between Indonesian and Australian. Using certain pages in the form of song to feel satire from The Magic Pudding Novel with its Indonesian translation text as a corpus in this research. The source text (ST) is English Australian and the target text (TT) is Indonesia. C. Research Question Based on the background and the focus of the study above, can be formulated the research questions as follow: 1. What types of Satire appear in The Magic Pudding Novel? 2. How does the cultural perspective affect in the selection of translation strategies? D. Objective of the Study The purpose of study are: 1. Determining the types of satire appear in The Magic Pudding Novel. 2. Examining Australian and Indonesian perspective based on its translation. E. Significance of the Study By doing this research, it is hoped that the result of this research will be an advantage to her particularly and the readers generally in order to understand types of satire and its translation based on cultural perspective between Indonesia and Australia so that they can apply it properly in their translation activities. And also hope that this research will be a benefit for translation studies, in satire translation, as a reference for students who want to do similar research.

4 F. Research Methodology Research methodology includes important aspects such as the method, data analysis, research instrument, and unit of analysis. 1. Method of the Research I use qualitative method in this research. According to Wahyuni (12), qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected are in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers and the results of the research contain quotations from the data to illustrate and substantiate the presentation. In this research, I try to analyze the humor translation especially satire from The Magic Pudding Novel into six Indonesian translation text taken from Translation class 6B 2015/2016 Faculty of Adab and Humanity State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2. Technique of Data Analysis The procedure of data collection is conducted to get the valid and accurate data of the source. The data is analyzed based on the technique of content analysis, where the researcher works systematically through each transcript to see how often certain factors (which are recorded by codes) arise (Harding, 4), with some steps. First, re-read the novel and target text several times to determine the satire. Second, classifying the type of satire appears in The Magic Pudding Novel. Thirdly, analyzing the target text translation strategy to translate satire. And finally, examining the cultural perspective between Indonesian and Australian based on its translation.

5 3. Instrument of The Research I use myself as an instrument in this research to get the data which is necessary in the process by reading the novel and six target text translation, marking, classifying the humorous texts and analyzing its translation strategy based on cultural perspective between Indonesian and Australian. 4. Unit of Analysis The unit analysis used in this research is students tasks from class translation 6B 2015/2016 English Letters Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah divided into six groups to translate satire. The Magic Pudding Novel is a media to see satire in source text.

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK A. Previous Research In this part, the writer use two previous research as references to conducting this research. The first previous research is used by the writer is Translation of Humour with Special Reference to The Cartoons in Leman and Other Popular Weekly Humour Magazines of Turkey by Orhun Yakin (1999). He analyzed about various strategies of humor translation, such as jokes, wit, satire, irony, and many others, from the popular Turkish humour weekly magazine Leman. He stated that visual humour or the visual aspect of humor could be valuable to foreign recipient to understand humor from different culture. The second previous research is Translating Humor: The Problems of Translating Terry Pratchett by Linda Broeder (2007). She observed about several part of humor translation such as parody, satire, puns and language varieties. She analyzed translation strategies that would be used to translate from English to Dutch. The object of her research is The Discworld-series by Terry Pratchett. From those previous research, the writer tries to improve the research about humor translation especially satire in cross cultural perspective, in this case writer uses the Magic Pudding as the object of analysis. The first research analyze humor translation from theirs type to indicate whether or not the humorous effect in them is successfully translated into target language. And then, the second research analyze the problems of translating humor from different aspects such as parody, 6

7 satire, puns, and language varieties. Those previous researches give much input in the research because they have similar topic so that the writer will be able to improve the research about humor translation, especially satire in cross cultural perspective. B. A Definition of Satire The definition of satire from Merriam-webster is a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn ( Satire ). Satire also can be described as the literary art of diminishing or derogating a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation (Abrams, 275). Satire differs from the comic in that comedy evokes laughter mainly as an end in itself, while satire derides; that is, it uses laughter as a weapon, and against a butt that exist outside the work itself. That butt may be an individual, or a type of person, a class, an intuition, and etcetera. (Abrams, 275). 1. Classification based on the attitude/stance According to Abrams (276-277), there are two types of satire, direct and indirect. In this type of text, used indirect satire types. The attitude of the satirist can then roughly be divided into the following two categories: - Light-hearted attitude: The satirist takes on a relaxed attitude towards his subject. His tone is mild and witty and he is mostly merely trying to entertain the audience by making them smile at human failings.

8 - Grim attitude: The satirist takes on a serious stance towards his subject. His tone is criticizing and ridiculing and his main purpose is to convince the audience of his opinion and to urge them to adopt his offensive attitude towards his subject. 2. Type of Satire Van der Parre (395-396) gives examples of the various techniques a satirist can employ and indicates satire: a. Understatement With this device, reality is depicted too lightly: something is deliberately portrayed less great, good or important than it really is. For example: Because the Hearl of Buncle the lovely maiding s uncle regarded him with scorn. From the example above, the satire classified as understatement because the act of maiding who regarded Sam with scorn. b. Exaggeration Reality is exaggerated and something is deliberately depicted as being bigger or more important than it really is. For example: He saved the Noble Buncle by Divin off the poop

9 From the example above, we can see the exaggerated act of Sam while helping the Noble Buncle. Because the reality Sam help the Noble with his peak. c. Caricature With this device, certain features of the inward or outward appearance of a character are highlighted and exaggerated. For example: Figure 2.1 C. Translating Satire Translating satire is not an easy task to do. At first because the satire itself is hard to recognize especially for non-native speaker. Different culture has a different sense of satire. Foreign communities have their own language structures and their own cultures, foreign individuals have their own way of thinking and therefore of expressing themselves and although the act of translation is always likely, it may for various reasons not have the same impact as the original (Newmark, 6). Linda on her research categorized five translation strategies to translate satire (Broeder, 41-42). This leads to the following overview of strategies:

10 1. Satire ST = Satire TT The satire from the source text is translated into the target language literary. This strategy is especially applicable in related cultures with a shared attitude towards the subject under attack. For example: ST: And Sam at once was sunk all in passion deep and grand TT: Sam seketika tenggelam dalam gairah yang mendalam dan menggebu From the example above we can see that satire in the source text translated into target language literary. 2. Equivalent Translation Satire ST Satire TT The satire from the source text is translated with a comparable satire from the target culture. The amount and the manner (aimed at the same type of institution or group, within the same field political, ideological, social, etcetera) of equivalence can vary. For example: ST: That Sam was foremast hand TT: Dan Sam sebagai awak kapalnya

11 From the example above, foremast hand has a meaning a common sailor. But, in target text translated into Awak kapal which is has an equivalent meaning to a common sailor. 3. Satire ST > Satire TC The satire from the source text is replaced by another non-equivalent satire from the target culture. The only equivalence lies in the type of rhetorical device that is being used (namely satire). For example: ST: And that old Uncle Buncle for joy of his release on Burgundy got drunk all day in Castle Buncle TT: Dan paman buncle yang tua itu demi sukacita atas pembebasannya di kota Burgundy semuanya berfoyafoya berhari-hari di istana Buncle From example above, word got drunk all day translated into bahasa with berfoya-foya which is nonequivalent to the exact meaning from the source text. 4. Explication Satire ST = Satire TT + Explanation Explication distinguish into two, there are: - Intra textual

12 Additional information is added to the running text to explain the satire. - Extra textual Editorial techniques are used to explain the satire. Example would be the use of footnotes, endnotes comments between bracket, an epilogue, and etcetera. For example: ST: And, now her aged uncle has gone The hearl of Buncle is Sam, the foremast hand TT: Dan, sekarang pamannya yang lansia (lanjut usia) telah meninggal yang mulia dari Buncle adalah Sam, si awak kapal 5. Omission - Satire ST > No Satire TT This occurs when the translator strategies the satire literally without explication in a situation where the subject of the satire is unknown in the target culture. For example: ST: A maiding fit to be a queen with her old uncle stand TT: Seorang yang tepat menjadi seorang ratunya berdiri pamannya yang sudah tua bersamanya

13 From the example above, word maiding is not translated. Maiding in here taken from the word maiden which is mean a girl or young woman. - Satire ST > Ø TT The passage containing the satire in the source text is completely left out in the target text. For example: ST: He saved the Noble Buncle by Divin off the poop TT: Dia menjaga bangsawan tersebut ketika mereka tiba di daratan From the example above, words by Divin off the poop completely left behind. Whereas the words by Divin off the poop considerate as satire. D. Cultural Perspective 1. Australian Culture Australia is a multicultural society, with people from many different cultures and ethics backgrounds. While Australia is not steeped in tradition and culture like many other countries, all Australians share a similar value system. Typical Australian values are (Australian Culture): Equality of men and women and of opportunity Respect of the individual and for all people

14 Freedom; of religion, of secular government, of speech and of association Democracy, and The rule of law Most Australian greet each other by using first (given or Christian name) names. First names are used early in a relationship. The formal title or family name is used only in very formal situations. For the status/equality perspective, we can say Australian is an egalitarian society, it is means most people in Australia think of themselves as your equal and vice-versa. Australians are often very frank and open in their speech and mannerisms. Because of this matter some people can feel rather uncomfortable and sometimes offended by the blunt and direct manner of Australians. The sense of humor Australians seemingly confusing, they consider themselves as a superior. This teasing or rubbishing is often disconcerting for people from another culture. Australian may seems disrespectful to people in positions of authority, for example the elderly people or their parents has a subtle respect and different shown. 2. Indonesian Culture Indonesia can - in some ways be regarded as a different world compared to our western world perspectives. The country contains a specific

15 cultural dynamics that can be difficult to understand or interpret for an outsider ( Indonesia Investment). The hierarchical society of Indonesia, hierarchy is very important in Indonesian society and people s status should be respected at all times. It is important to be aware that people of higher status in Indonesia should not lose face and therefore it is advised to be very careful when correcting or criticizing a person of higher status. Being indirect is polite, generally Indonesians place high value on maintaining harmonious social relations. In the other word, being indirect is acceptable which by westerners sometimes can be interpreted as being dishonest or hypocritical. For example, be cautious when criticizing Indonesians in case they make a mistake. It is better not to confront them using blunt speech or with a raised voice.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS A. Data Description In this chapter, the data of the research will be describe related to research question. The data had been collected and classified into table based on types of satire. The data will be analyze to types of satire appear in The Magic Pudding novel. Then, it will be analyze to the translation strategies employ to translate satire. The satire translated into three target text that collected from Translation 6B class Faculty of Adab and Humanities State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. After that, the data is analyzed cross cultural perspective of different values: how Indonesian values was different from Australia values were examined in the translation. The data of Satire that will be examined as follows: Table 3.1. Data Description First Satire Second Satire Third Satire Twas on the Saucy Soup Tureen (1) That Sam was foremast hand When on the quarterdeck was seen A maiding fit to be a queen With her old Uncle stand And Sam at once was sunk all In passion deep and grand, But this here aged Uncle And Sam he chewed salt junks Day with grief forlorn Because the Hearl of Buncle The lovely maiding s Uncle Regarding him with scorn When sailin by Barbado The Saucy Soup Tureen Before she could be stayed The passengers were sunk all Beneath the ragin wave, The maiding and her Uncle, The Noble Hearl of Buncle Were saved by Sam the Brave He saved the Noble Buncle By divin off the poop. The maiding in a funk 16

17 He was the Hearl of Buncle And Sam a foremast hand. Went down in a tornado And never more was seen. all He saved along with Uncle Upon a chicken coop B. Data Analysis From the collected data, it will analyze as explain before in the data description. Furthermore, it will answer the research questions which formulate in chapter 1. In this subchapter, it will analyze a total 3 data of satire, first satire contained 10 lines, second satire contained 10 lines, and third satire contained 10 lines and its translation total 90 data in target text. 1. First Satire The first satire classified as exaggeration. Because Sam was on the quarter-deck and the hearl of buncle was appeared with his niece. The image of uncle s niece was exaggerate to describe her as a maiding fit to be a queen. Below is a picture of the maiding. Figure 3.2.1 Line 1

18 ST: Twas on the Saucy Soup Tureen TT1: Di sebuah mangkuk sup TT2: Kapal yang sungguh seperti mangkuk sup besar yang indah TT3: Di sebuah baskom saus sup In target text 1 translator translate satire with equivalent. Because tureen has a meaning a serving dish for foods such as soup, in other words we can say tureen as a bowl. And as a result of the equivalence it can be translated as mangkuk sup. For the target text 2, the translator translate satire with explication strategy. The translator basically translate satire literary and adding some information about the condition of Saucy Soup Tureen. In target text 3, the translator translate satire with equivalent. The translator translate satire and found the equivalence in target text from the source text. In here the using of word baskom seems Indonesian. Line 2 ST: That Sam was foremast hand TT1: Dimana Sam adalah pengendalinya TT2: Dan Sam adalah nahkodanya TT3: Dimana Sam pengendali layar-nya In target text 1, the translators translate satire with substitution. The word foremast hand translated into pengendalinya in target text. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word foremast hand translated into nahkoda in target text. Nahkoda means seorang pemimpin kapal. And it was non-equivalent to the source text. In target text 3, the translators used

19 direct translation to translate satire. The word foremast hand also has a meaning a man stationed to attend the gear of the foremast. Line 3 ST: When on the quarter-deck was seen TT1: Ketika terlihat di geladak belakang TT2: Namun, ketika tampak di deck belakang TT3: Ketika di deck belakang terlihat In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. The translators translate satire word for word. Like in line 3 group 1 and group 3, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. Line 4 ST: A maiding fit to be a queen TT1: Seorang gadis yang pantas menjadi ratu TT2: seorang gadis yang berlagak seperti ratu TT3: Seorang perawan yang cocok menjadi ratu In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. Translators translate fit to be a queen into yang berlagak seperti ratu. The word fit and berlagak was equivalent. In target text 3, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. Translators translate the word maiding instead used gadis they translated into

20 perawan. According to KBBI, perawan means anak perempuan yang sudah patut kawin;anak dara; gadis. And from the meaning between maiding and perawan was equivalent. Line 5 ST: With her old Uncle stand TT1: Bersama paman yang mendampinginya TT2: Dengan pamanya yang sedang berdiri TT3: Dengan Pamannya yang berdiri In target text 1, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word stand in target text substitute into mendampinginya in target text. It was not equivalent according to the meaning. In target text 2, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 3, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. The translators translate it word for word. Line 6 ST: And Sam at once was sunk all TT1: Sam seketika tenggelam TT2: Dan Sam sering menggerutu TT3: Dan Sam telah tenggelam In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. Translators translate it word for word in target text. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word sunk translated into sering

21 menggerutu in target text. It was not equivalent according to the meaning. In target text 3, the translator used direct translation to translate satire. The translators translate it word for word to the target text. Line 7 ST: In passion deep and grand TT1: Dalam gairah yang mendalam dan menggebu TT2: Setiap hari dengan perasaan kesal TT3: Dalam semangat yang dalam dan menggebu In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word in passion deep and grand in source text translated to non-equivalent into setiap hari dengan perasaan kesal in target text. In target text 3, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. According to oxford dictionary, passion means strong feeling of love, hate, and etcetera. And word semangat according to KBBI means kekuatan (kegembiraan, gairah) batin. Line 8 ST: But this here aged Uncle TT1: Namun si Paman tua ini TT2: Karena si Pendongeng itu TT3: Tetapi si Paman yang tua itu In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word but this here

22 aged Uncle in source text translated and substituted into Karena si pendongeng itu in target text which was not equivalent. In target text 3, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. They translated it literally from the source text. Line 9 ST: He was the Hearl of Buncle TT1: Dia adalah seorang benalu TT2: Si paman kesayangan si gadis itu TT3: Adalah seorang pendongeng In target text 1, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The Hearl of Buncle in source text translated into seorang benalu in target text. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word he was the Hearl of Buncle translated into si paman kesayangan si gadis itu. In target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word he was the Hearl of Buncle in source text translated into Adalah seorang pendongeng in target text. Line 10 ST: And Sam a foremast hand TT1: Dan Sam adalah seorang awak kapal TT2: memandangnya rendah TT3: Dan Sam si pengendali layar

23 In target text 1, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. The word foremast hand was translated into awak kapal. According to dictionary, foremast hand means a common sailor, a man stationed to attend to the gear of the foremast. In target text translated into Awak kapal which has an equivalent meaning to foremast. In target text 2, the translators use omission to translate satire in target text. The satire in source text did not translate properly in target text. In target text 3, the translators use direct translation to translate satire. According to dictionary, foremast hand means a common sailor, a man stationed to attend to the gear of the foremast. The word pengendali layar in target text translated directly from the source text. 2. Second Satire The second satire classified as understatement towards Sam. Sam had feeling to maiding/ Uncle s niece but he realized about the different social class between him and the maiding. Sam was a foremast hand and the maiding fit to be a queen. It made the Hearl of Buncle regarded Sam with scorn and Sam felt forlorn after that. Figure 3.2.2

24 Line 1 ST: And Sam he chewed salt junks TT1: Dan Sam menggerutu TT2: Dan Sam, dia mendapatkan perlakuan buruk TT3: Dan Sam dia sering menggerutu In target text 1, the translators used substitution to translate the satire. The words he chewed salt junk translated into menggerutu in target text. From the meaning it was no equivalent between the source and target text. In target text 2, the translators also used substitution to translate satire. And also in target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The words he chewed salt jun in source text substitute into Dan Sam sering menggerutu in target text. Line 2 ST: Day with grief forlom TT1: Sepanjang hari dengan kesedihan TT2: Perlakuan buruk setiap saat TT3: Setiap hari dengan perasaan kesal In target text 1, translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, translators used omission to translate satire. The translators did not translate the way Sam felt. In target text 3, translators used substitution to translate satire. Translators translate the word forlorn in source text into perasaan kesal in target text and for the meaning it did not equivalent.

25 Line 3 ST: Because the Hearl of Buncle TT1: Karena si benalu itu TT2: Itu karena si pendongeng itu TT3: Karena si pendongeng itu In target text 1, 2, and 3 the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word Hearl of buncle in source text translated into si benalu itu in target text 1, and si pendongeng itu in target text 2, and 3. It was difficult to find the equivalent meaning of hearl of buncle in target text. Line 4 ST: The lovely maiding s Uncle TT1: Paman dari gadis cantik itu TT2: Paman kesayangan sang gadis TT3: Si paman kesayangan perawan itu In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used omission to translate satire, the adjective of the lovely maiding was not translated in target text. In target text 3, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. The word maiding in source text translated into perawan in target text. According to KBBI, the word maiding and perawan has an equivalent meaning. Line 5

26 ST: Regarding him with scorn TT1: Merendahkannya TT2: Yang memandang rendah Sam TT3: Memandangnya rendah In target text 1, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. The translators translate satire in target text literally from the source text. And in target text 3, the translators also used direct translation to translate satire. Line 6 ST: When sailin by Barbado TT1: Ketika berlayar menuju Barbado TT2: Ketika suatu saat berlayar dengan Barbado TT3: Ketika suatu saat berlayar dengan Barbado In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2 and target text 3, the translators used explication to translate satire. The translators added some information in target text, they added suatu saat. Line 7 ST: The Saucy Soup Tureen TT1: Si mangkuk sup TT2: yang bisa disebut tempat saus sup TT3: Yang bisa disebut baskom saus sup

27 In target text 1 translator translate satire with equivalent. Because tureen has a meaning a serving dish for foods such as soup, in other words we can say tureen as a bowl. And translator found the equivalent and translanted into mangkuk sup. And in target text 2, the translators used explication to translate satire in target text and same as in target text 3. The translators added some information about Saucy Soup Tureen in target text, they added yang biasa disebut. Line 8 ST: Before she could be stayed TT1: Belum juga sempat singgah TT2: belum juga lama berlayar O TT3: Belum juga lama berlayar In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. While in target text 2 and target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire. They substitute the word in target text into belum juga lama berlayar. It was not equivalent to the source text. Line 9 ST: Went down in a tornado TT1: Tenggelam dihantam badai TT2: Di hantam tornado TT3: Di hantam tornado

28 In target text 1, the translators used explication to translate satire. They added dihantam in target text which was information about the Saucy Soup Tureen. In target text 2 and 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire in target text. Line 10 ST: And never more was seen TT1: Hingga tidak ada lagi yang terlihat TT2: Dan tak ada lagi yang tersisa TT3: Dan tak ada lagi yang tersisa In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. They translate satire in source text word for word in target text. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word seen in target text translated into tersisa, and for the meaning not equivalent. 3. Third Satire The third satire classified as exaggeration. Because when Sailin by Barbado The Saucy Soup Tureen went down in tornado and make the passengers sunk no exceptional the Noble Hearl of Buncle and his niece. The act of Sam helped Uncle and the maiding was exaggerate, from the picture below seems Sam helped them only with his peak. But, the storyteller told us about the act Sam did was divin

29 off. According to dictionary, divin off means jump off something head first. Figure 3.2.3 Line 1 ST: The passengers were sunk all TT1: Semua penumpang tenggelam TT2: Semua penumpang tenggelam TT3: Semua penumpang tenggelam In target text 1, 2, and 3 they were used direct translation to translate satire. The words in source text translated word for word in target text. Line 2 ST: Beneath the ragin wave TT1: Ke dalam ombak yang ganas TT2: Dalam gelombang yang besar TT3: Di laut yang ganas In target text 1, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word ragin in source text substitute into ganas in target text. According to dictionary, ragin means very strong. And also in target text 2 and target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate ragin. Line 3 ST: The maiding and her Uncle

30 TT1: Sang gadis dan pamannya TT2: Si gadis dan pamannya TT3: Si perawan dan pamannya In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. In target text 2, translators also used direct translation to translate satire. And in target text 3, the translators used equivalent to translate satire. Translators translate the word maiding instead used gadis they translated into perawan. According to KBBI, perawan means anak perempuan yang sudah patut kawin;anak dara; gadis. And from the meaning between maiding and perawan was equivalent Line 4 ST: The Noble Hearl of Buncle TT1: Sang benalu yang kaya raya TT2: Dia tertolong bersama sang paman TT3: Si pendongeng yang kaya raya In target text 1, translators used substitution to translate satire. In target text 2, the translators used explication to translate satire. They added dia tertolong with additional information in target text. And for target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire in target text. Line 5 ST: Were saved by Sam the Brave TT1: Telah diselamatkan oleh Sam si pemberani TT2: Dengan dijaga oleh sang pemberani

31 TT3: Di selamatkan oleh Sam si pemberani In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. The translators translate satire word for word in target text. In target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The translators translate the word saved into menjaga in target text. Between those two words has no equivalent. So, the way translators translate satire was substitute it. In target text 3, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. From the source text translated word for word into target text. Line 6 ST: He saved the Noble Buncle TT1: Ia menyelamatkan benalu yang kaya itu TT2: Dia menjaga bangsawan tersebut TT3: Ia menyelamatkan pendongeng yang kaya itu In target text 1, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word Noble Buncle substitute into benalu. While in target text 2, the translators used substitution to translate satire. They substitute the word saved which has means in here to help into menjaga. And in target text 3, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. Line 7 ST: By divin off the poop TT1: Dengan menaiki sebuah kurungan

32 TT2: Ketika mereka tiba di daratan TT3: dengan menaiki kurungan In target text 1, the translators used substitution to translate the satire. Translators translate divin off the poop into dengan menaiki sebuah kurungan. It was nonequivalent from the source text. In target text 2, the translators used omission to translate the satire. The word divin off the poop was omitted and from the strategies that the translators used make the feel of satire disappeared. In target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire. Translators substitute divin off the poop into dengan menaiki kurungan in target text. It was nonequivalent. Line 8 ST: The maiding in a funk all TT1: Si gadis yang sedang ketakutan TT2: Gadis itu dalam keadaan ketakutan TT3: Si perawan dalam keadaan kacau In target text 1, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. Translators translate it word for word. In target text 2, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. Translators translated it word for word. In target text 3, the translators used substitution to translate satire. Dalam keadaan kacau in target text was non-equivalent to the source text. Line 9

33 ST: He saved along with Uncle TT1: Dia tolong bersamaan dengan si paman TT2: Dia menjaga pamannya sepanjang waktu TT3: Dia tertolong bersama si Paman In target text 2, the translators used direct translation to translate satire. Translators translate it word for word in target text. In target text 5, the translators used substitution to translate satire. The word saved substituted into menjaga in target text. According to Merriam-webster, saved means to rescue or deliver from danger or harm. So it was translated non-equivalent in target text. In target text 3, translators used direct translation to translate satire. Line 10 ST: Upon a chicken coop TT1: Di atas sebuah kandang ayam TT2: Di atas kandang ayam TT3: Di atas kurungan ayam In target text 1, translators used direct translation to translate satire. And also in target text 2, and target text 3 translators used direct translation and translate it literally in the target text. C. Discussion From the data above, 3 data of satire, first satire contained 10 lines, second satire contained 10 lines, and third satire contained 10 lines and its translation total 90 data in target text. They divided into 36 data of direct translation, 31 data

34 of substitution, 11 data of equivalent, 7 data of explication, and 5 data of omission. First satire contained 30 data in target text they were 13 data of direct translation, 7 data of substitution, 7 data of equivalent, 2 data of omission and 1 data of explication. While in second satire, they were 13 data of substitution, 7 data of direct translation, 5 data of explication, 3 data of equivalent, and 2 data of omission. And in third satire, 16 data of direct translation, 11 data of substitution, 1 data of explication, 1 data of omission, and 1 data of equivalent. How the translators choose strategies to translate satire was based on their cultural perspective. From data analysis it was found the most translators used were direct translations. Guided by a notion of faithfulness, the translators design a direct translation in such a way that it resembles the original closely enough in relevant aspects (Hatim and Munday, 62). Since the cultural barriers between two languages did not exist, but the feel of satire in target text was lost. The second was substitution, based on target language culture groups, it was their custom not to straightforwardly and underestimate someone openly like in Source Language culture. Being direct was impolite so the translators change the satires into less degree of strength by substitution.

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION After analyzing the data from The Magic Pudding novel and its translation text, it can take the conclusion and give the suggestion. The conclusion is drawn based on the research questions, and the suggestion is to give information to the readers of this research who are interested to do similar research about satire translation. A. Conclusion Translating satire is not easy because it is hard for non-native speaker to feel the satire. Different culture has different sense of satire. Translators are told that in order to do their work correctly they must understand the culture of original text, because text has correlation to the culture. To obtain the same meaning of intended messages of satire between both cultures translators should measure the expectancy of cultural value in advance before making a decision to employ the translation strategies with the purpose to meet the cultural value expectation of source language. B. Suggestion The writer like to suggest the readers, especially the one who wants to translate satire text, to pay more attention when translating satire texts. Translating satire is different from translating other types of text. Translator should feel the satire, even it is kind of hard to recognize satire for non-native speaker. Translator must have a great knowledge of not only both source and target language, but also 35

36 both source and target culture. Furthermore, translator should also be able to acknowledge types of satire, find a suit translation strategy, and reproduce the satire into target language based on their cultural perspective. As for those who want to do research about satire translation, after determining the focus of the study and the theories will be use, the writer suggest to do small research first about satire characteristic of both source and target language. This step will help the researchers a lot in their research. The last, the writer hope that this research can provide useful information in the field of satire translation based on cross cultural perspective and be a reference to the readers who want to do similar research.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Australian Culture. Web. 27 November 2016 <www. qrmfn.com.au> Culture. Web. 28 November 2016 <www. Indonesia-inverstments.com> Divin off. Cambridge English Dictionary. Cambridge English Online, 2017. Web. 27 February 2017 Hastened. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Online, 2017. Web. 27 February 2017 Release. Cambridge English Dictionary. Cambridge English Online, 2017. Web. 27 February 2017 Satire. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Online, 2016. Web. 25 November 2016. Save. Cambridge English Dictionary. Cambridge English Online, 2017. Web.27 February 2017 Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. 7 th Ed. United States of America: Earl McPeek, 1999. Web. 21 January 2017 Baker, Mona. In other words: A Course Book On Translation. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. Web. 30 April 2015. Broeder, Linda. Translating Humour: The Problems of Translating Terry Pratchet. 2007. Web. 2 August 2016. Harding, Jamie. Qualitative Data Analysis From Start To Finish. London: SAGE, 2013. Print. Hatim, Basil and Jeremy Munday. Translation an Advanced Resource Book. New York: Routledge. 2004. Print. Lindsay, Norman. The Magic Pudding. Australia: HarperCollins, 2010. Print. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. London and New York: Practice Hall, 1988. Web. 30 April 2015. Rapahelson-West, Debra S. On The Feasibility and Strategies of Translating Humour. Translators Journal, Vol. 34 No 1, 1989, p. 128-141. Web. 31 January 2017. 37

38 Wahyuni, Sari. Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice. Jakarta Selatan: Penerbit Salemba Empat, 2012. Print Yakin, Orhun. Translating of Humour with Special Reference to The Cartoons in Leman and Other Popular Weekly Humour Magazines of Turkey. The University of Warwick, 1999. Web. 4 December 2016.

APPENDICES 39

40 Table 5.1 Satire Translated by Group 1 No Source Text (Satire) 1 Twas on the Saucy Soup Tureen That Sam was foremast hand When on the quarterdeck was seen A maiding fit to be a queen With her old Uncle stand And Sam at once was sunk all In passion deep and grand, But this here aged Uncle He was the Hearl of Buncle And Sam a foremast hand 2 And Sam he chewed salt junks Day with grief forlorn Because the Hearl of Buncle The lovely maiding s Uncle Regarding him with scorn When sailin by Barbado The Saucy Soup Tureen Before she could be stayed Went down in a tornado Target Text Di sebuah mangkuk sup, Dimana Sam adalah pengendalinya Ketika terlihat di geladak belakang Seorang gadis yang pantas menjadi ratu Bersama paman yang mendampinginya Sam seketika tenggelam Dalam gairah yang mendalam dan menggebu, Namun si Paman tua ini Dia adalah seorang benalu Dan Sam adalah seorang awak kapal Dan Sam menggerutu Sepanjang hari dengan kesedihan Karena si benalu itu Paman dari gadis cantik itu, Merendahkannya Ketika berlayar menuju Barbado Si mangkuk sup, Belum juga sempat singgah Tenggelam dihantam Translation Strategies Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent

41 And never more was seen 3 The passengers were sunk all Beneath the ragin wave, The maiding and her Uncle, The Noble Hearl of Buncle Were saved by Sam the Brave He saved the Noble Buncle By divin off the poop. The maiding in a funk all He saved along with Uncle Upon a chicken coop badai Hingga tidak ada lagi yang terlihat Semua penumpang tenggelam Ke dalam ombak yang ganas Sang gadis dan pamannya, Sang benalu yang kaya raya Telah diselamatkan oleh Sam si pemberani Ia menyelamatkan benalu yang kaya itu Dengan menaiki sebuah kurungan Si gadis yang sedang ketakutan Dia tolong bersamaan dengan si paman Di atas sebuah kandang ayam Explication Table 5.2 Satire Translated by Group 2 No Source Text (Satire) 1 Twas on the Saucy Soup Tureen That Sam was foremast hand When on the quarterdeck was seen A maiding fit to be a queen With her old Uncle stand And Sam at once was sunk all In passion deep and Target Text Kapal yang sungguh seperti mangkuk sup besar yang indah Dan Sam adalah nahkodanya Namun, ketika tampak di deck belakang Seorang gadis yang berlagak seperti ratu Dengan pamanya yang sedang berdiri Dan Sam seiring menggerutu Setiap hari dengan Translation Strategies Explication Equivalent Equivalent

42 grand, But this here aged Uncle He was the Hearl of Buncle And Sam a foremast hand 2 And Sam he chewed salt junks Day with grief forlorn Because the Hearl of Buncle The lovely maiding s Uncle Regarding him with scorn When sailin by Barbado The Saucy Soup Tureen Before she could be stayed Went down in a tornado And never more was seen 3 The passengers were sunk all Beneath the ragin wave, The maiding and her Uncle, The Noble Hearl of Buncle Were saved by Sam the Brave He saved the Noble Buncle By divin off the poop. The maiding in a funk all He saved along with Uncle Upon a chicken coop perasaan kesal Karena si Pendongeng itu Si paman kesayangan si gadis itu, memandangnya rendah Dan Sam, dia mendapat perlakuan buruk setiap saat Itu karena si pendongeng itu Paman kesayangan sang gadis Yang memandang rendah Sam Ketika suatu saat berlayar dengan Barbado yang bisa disebut tempat saus sup, Belum juga lama berlayar o Di hantam tornado, Dan tak ada lagi yang tersisa Semua penumpang tenggelam Dalam gelombang yang besar Si gadis dan pamannya, Dia tertolong bersama sang paman Dengan dijaga oleh Sam yang pemberani Dia menjaga bangsawan tersebut ketika mereka tiba di daratan. Gadis itu dalam keadaan ketakutan Dia menjaga pamannya sepanjang waktu Diatas kandang ayam Omission Omission Omission Omission Explication Explication Explication Omission

43 Table 5.3 Satire Translated by Group 3 No Source Text (Satire) 1 Twas on the Saucy Soup Tureen That Sam was foremast hand When on the quarterdeck was seen A maiding fit to be a queen With her old Uncle stand And Sam at once was sunk all In passion deep and grand, But this here aged Uncle He was the Hearl of Buncle And Sam a foremast hand 2 And Sam he chewed salt junks Day with grief forlorn Because the Hearl of Buncle The lovely maiding s Uncle Regarding him with scorn When sailin by Barbado The Saucy Soup Tureen Before she could be stayed Target Text Di sebuah baskom saus sup Dimana Sam pengendali layar-nya Ketika di deck belakang terlihat Seorang perawan yang cocok menjadi ratu Dengan Pamannya yang berdiri Dan Sam telah tenggelam Dalam semangat yang dalam dan menggebu Tetapi si Paman yang tua itu adalah seorang pendongeng Dan Sam si pengendali layar Dan Sam sering menggerutu Setiap hari dengan perasaan kesal Karena si Pendongeng itu, Si paman kesayangan perawan itu, Memandangnya rendah Ketika suatu saat berlayar dengan Barbado Yang bisa disebut baskom saus sup Belum juga lama berlayar Di hantam tornado Translation Strategies Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Explication Explication

44 Went down in a tornado And never more was seen 3 The passengers were sunk all Beneath the ragin wave, The maiding and her Uncle, The Noble Hearl of Buncle Were saved by Sam the Brave He saved the Noble Buncle By divin off the poop. The maiding in a funk all He saved along with Uncle Upon a chicken coop Dan tak ada lagi yang tersisa Semua penumpang tenggelam Di laut yang ganas, Si perawan dan pamannya, Si pendongeng yang kaya raya, Di selamatkan oleh Sam si pemberani Ia menyelamatkan pendongeng yang kaya itu Dengan menaiki kurungan Si perawan dalam keadaan kacau Dia tertolong bersama si Paman Di atas kurungan ayam Equivalent

45 About The Author Norman Lindsay was born at Creswick, Victoria in 1879 where his father was a local doctor. After being educated locally he joined his brother Lionel in Melbourne and worked with him on an illustrated magazine. Later he became associated with the Bulletin as cartoonist, illustrator and contributor, and by the time he died in 1969 he had long become established as one of Australia s foremost artist. His prolific pictorial output consisted of works in oils, watercolour, etching, pen and ink, and pencil. His literary output, which included his famous trilogy boyhood and adolescence, Redheap, Saturdee and Halfway to Anywhere, was no less prolific and varied. His most renowned book was The Magic Pudding which he wrote in 1918.