mem ( Lesson 26) tctc&&&tcc b&h X) ^ (Have you ever seen tatami mats?) Objectives in this lesson are: * To learn the conjunction, " & " sbvvcfil". * To learn another expression for trial, " T<^<5". * To learn the two different usages of" C * To learn " : 5 for looks, appearances and conjecture. Mike arrives at Mr Yokoi's house. r4? : ^tl (botlv^)b^-t"o ^ : & *9 ^ 5 rr : hfrvt-lfco c^;cv^: x.x.. 1"o ^^-Virf20 ot^fcv^-r^o j:0 ^ (-f-f) LV^^LV^-T?-f^^0 OTffoT^Li 5^a 3 3 - h/^c-ep-e-r 62
Natalie arrives at Mr Koyama's house. fco i-zv-zastemi&mcz. tfrsb V g^mt:4^l-c^^ofc^-e-ro ^-f ^5 : fc^iz 0 X&L^Xf&ZZ.tAS&Vti'o Mctcfr<X. MWh -^TOC : ^i:^»^t^^:^tt.^vv^-e-rio ^Wo<J9^T</c^ ' V\ V - : f±v\ & w 5
Vocabulary ±^ot ^{^ULf f-f LV^ g (tctcfy) (-^rv^o) Ltc (b^l^) &!$) (^/u% )) -m A; (^^) t y h U7. LV^T Te Form of ±^-5, to enter 2nd floor, upstairs while, during want to/try to do Mt. Fuji cool ("i"-adjective) looks tall looks quiet tatami mat Japanese style Plain Fast tense of, to.live have seen it before photograph genuine, real once futon mat floor mattress Te Form of b <, to lay looks comfortable sometimes sleep (on a futon) comfortable 64
Grammar 26. 1 " 0 Tr y " (Looks like/appears to be) conjecture 3 " 5 indicates the speaker's conjecture from visual and aural information. Either verbs or adjectives come before " ^Positive ' ^ Verb stem (Pre Masu) Form "r'-adjective without Vv "Na"-adjective without ti: ^Negative Plain Negative Form of "i"-without the final 1^+ ^ + Exception: ^ 5 When a verb comes before " ^ 5 it sometimes means that the action is about to happen. eg. ^ - -5 The baby might cry any minute now. m s ^ -e 5 It looks like it is going to rain tomorrow. I might fail the entrance examination. The movie doesn't seem to start for a while yet. There doesn't seem to be a kanji test next week. 65
It looks like it will be hot this summer. ^<Z)y-^f L < ^ 5 This cake doesn't look tasty. He looks well, doesn't he? This computer doesn't seem to be easy to operate. 26. 2 "fhl" & " fslc " fcv^/c Ph^ indicates "while", "during", or "between". This lesson focuses on the duration of time. Modifiers of fh, are as follows: Plain Form of the verb Plain Form of the "i"-adjective "Na"-adjective +?& Noun + <D + m uz.) eg. While I was out, somebody called me on the phone. While it is cold, we cannot swim in the pool. While my child is quiet, I'll read a book. 66
LX < fc V\ While the exam is in progress, please be quiet. NB: Compare the difference between 'W and't^f. (without particle "K") indicates that the action in the main clause continues throughout the given period. start action in main clause end 1 > time eg. o LtCo I was in Tokyo while in Japan. While studying, I listen to music. (with particle "K") indicates that the action in the main clause is conducted at one point of time within the given period. start action in the main clause encj 1 o i time eg. While I was in Japan, I toured several times. mm LTv^nr^ut^ hmms&^rco While I was studying, my friend called me on the phone. NB:" 5 (while still...) in a positive clause is often interchangeable with "fsfc", but not with "ftj". 67
eg. «tl rv^ Mr x m^h^mk^rong) 26.3 "--C&g-t" " means to "to do and see how it goes". It is a combination of the Te Form of a verb and the verb When you do something for the first time, you use this expression. Be aware of the meaning when this expression is in the past tense. For instance, L-fc" means "I tried it for the first time to see how..." It does not mean "I tried to eat it." (fc^<5 t Lii Ltc) in which the speaker took some effort to "eat". Compare the following two sentences: B&mZ&A'X&t.LtCo I tried Japanese sake for the first time to see how it tasted. I tried to drink Japanese sake (but could not). 26.4 "-Z ttf&v ti"' " ^ ' 't" has two meanings depending on what form of the verb comes before " C t". One is to indicate a subject's experience in the past when the Plain Past tense of a verb comes before " cl b". eg. htfch ^ t.'t I have been to Japan. I have eaten sukiyaki before. 68
The other is to indicate habitual action when the Plain Present Form of a verb conies before C t. Compare the following. eg. I have been to Japan. I sometimes go to Japan on business. "9 C bfrib <0 I have eaten sukiyaki before. My family sometimes eats sukiyaki. >9 ^-f-o 69
1 fcona (tzcoit) 2 3 4 itcitvb) 5 ^ {XA;J <?>) 6 jswi 1 (^^^) 8 m i&i-n) 9 VtT- (LJ: 5 b) 10 fi {fctcfr) 11 (^Tc<) 12 13 MM
Activity 1. Link " ^ 5 to the following verbs and adjectives in both positive and negative forms. English Positive Negative big small new old long short heavy light hot cold(weather) cold(liquid). tasty expensive cheap good bad difficult easy interesting boring quiet noisy spicy fresh convenient inconvenient healthy to rain to stop raining to run out to break to drop to be cut off 71
2. Refer to the drawings below and express each situation with " 5 72
3. Situation practice What would you say in the following situations? Use " 5 (1) You are going with a friend to see a film. You find one that looks rather interesting. Tell your friend what you think and ask if s/he wants to see it. (2) You are going with a friend to dine at a restaurant. You find a nice one which doesn't seem to be too expensive and not many people are waiting. You suggest to her/him that you try it. (3) Your friend looks very busy. You offer him/her some help. (4) Your friend invites you for a picnic. But it is getting dark, so you tell her/him that you would like to join them another time. (5) You and your friend are in a car. It is low on fuel and you suggest that you buy some. (6) You see one of the buttons of your friend's shirt is about to come off. Tell her/him. 4. Pair Activity Pair up and develop a short conversation as shown in the example. eg. Spaghetti = not delicious Pizza = delicious/eat A: A: 50 (1) This movie = not interesting that movie = interesting/see (2) Japanese restaurant = not nice Steak house = nice/enter (3) Black opal = not cheap white opal = cheap/buy 73
(4) This unit = not quiet that unit = quiet/rent.(5) Prawns = not fresh sashimi fish = fresh/order (6) This dictionary = not useful that dictionary = useful/buy (7) This sweater = too large that sweater = right size/buy as a present (8) Okinawa = far Kyoto = close/go (9) Lamb curry = spicy prawn curry = not spicy/eat (10) Chinese food = difficult Instant noodles = easy/cook 5. Fill the following blanks with either" fhf or " PUfc". (1) ( (2) ( (3) ( ) b 3 ^ Ltc (4) ( ) E3 LfCo (5) ( (6) ( ) i v t. vtc (7) ( ) LtLfco (8) ( (9) M;»orv^ ( ) Lfc (lo)iwtir^z ( 74
6. Comptete the following sentences. (i) Mcomk (2) (3) h (4) 5^< LTV^fUlK (5) (6) 7. You are shopping. You want to try on the following things. Ask a shop attendant for permission to do so using " 0) (3) \ i / (4) (6) 75
8. Pair Activity Pair up and take turns in a role play involving a customer and a shop attendant. After asking for permission and trying the foregoing items, the customer decides not to buy any because they do not suit her/him. eg. C.(D & LTcfro XfrfcAs-e-ttftf. TAy V^A^: ^ 9 Tri"^0 5 LfCo 9. Translate the following English into Japanese, using either " XfyZ" or " b j; 5 t-rz". (1) The other day, I tried sashimi for the first time. I enjoyed it. (2) We tried to play tennis last Sunday but it was raining heavily. (3) When I tried my new glasses on, everybody laughed at me. (4) When I put on my glasses this morning, I found that one of the lenses was broken. (5) I tried chopsticks but it was too difficult. (6) I tried chopsticks and found it's not difficult. 76
10. Change the following verbs to Plain Past and Plain Present, then link them to go see eat drink read write stay (over night) learn listen travel speak enter get on use 11. Translate the following into Japanese, using " C and/or " ^ 5 (1) Have you ever been to a restaurant called Ukaichikutei? (2) Have you ever seen a movie called Tampopo? (3) Have you ever eaten a food called natto? (4) Have you ever stayed at a hotel called the Imperial (Hotel)? (5) Have you ever tasted shochul (6) Have you ever been to a night club called the Playboy? (7) Have you ever travelled to a place called Hagi? 12. Translate the following into Japanese using " (1) In Tokyo, it sometimes snows in winter. 77
(2) Rainbows appear sometimes after a shower in summer. (3) It sometimes hails in the Japanese countryside (4) In summer thunder sometimes comes suddenly. (5) In summer an evening shower, yudachi, comes to Tokyo. (6) During the rainy season in Japan, it rains for a month. 13.1 Pair up. Take turns in asking and answering the following questions, using " (1) Ask if s/he has ever eaten Japanese food. If yes, ask where and what s/he ate. (2) Ask if s/he has ever been abroad. If yes, ask where and when s/he went. (3) Ask which city in Japan other than Tokyo, s/he has visited. If so, ask which city s/he prefers. (4) Ask if s/he has ever seen a Japanese movie. If so, ask how s/he liked it and/or what it was about. (5) Ask if s/he has ever read a Japanese novel. If so, ask how s/he liked it and/or what it was about. 78
13.2 Pair activity. Pair up and ask/answer the following questions below. Use " C t A asks questions with odd numbers, while B, with even numbers. A 1 You saw a movie called Tanpopo and you liked it. Ask B if s/he has seen it. If so, ask whether s/he liked it. Otherwise, tell her/him what you thought of it. B Answer As question (movie). 2 You went to Kobe and stayed at a hotel called Port City Hotel. It was a great trip. You want to go to Kobe. Ask A if s/ he has been there. If so, ask how s/he enjoyed the visit. 3 You tried natto in Japan and it was terrible. Ask B if s/he has eaten it before. If yes, ask her/him how it tasted. If no, tell her/him that you don't recommend it. Answer As question (natto). 4 You have been to a restaurant called Kaiten sushi which you thought was handy and inexpensive. Tell B about it and ask if s/he has been there. You want to eat sushi at an inexpensive restaurant. Ask A if s/he knows a good restaurant. 5 You want to go to a traditional Japanese play. Ask B if s/he has ever been to one. If so, ask how s/he enjoyed it. Otherwise, ask her/him to try it with you. Answer As question. 79