Use the following words or expressions to complete the sentences below. Change the form if needed.

Reading Task 01 1 Foods That Make You Smart 2 Are Cockroaches Really Dirty? Vocabulary Preview A Match each word with its meaning. 1 fuel a. a large brown or black insect often found in homes 2 concentration b. to organize, control, and do an activity or task 3 nutrient c. to clean the body, such as face and legs 4 current d. any substance that organisms can consume for energy 5 cockroach e. a substance that provides heat or power such as gas, oil, and food 6 shelf f. up to date, belonging to the present time 7 groom g. a flat, horizontal surface used to support objects 8 conduct h. giving something complete and total attention B Use the following words or expressions to complete the sentences below. Change the form if needed. appetite live overnight motivated careful be afraid of 1 Some crimes are by money, others by love. 2 If children eat sweets in the afternoon they may have no for dinner. 3 Be not to drop the vase. 4 It is not normal for adults to the dark. 5 When flying from America to Australia it is a good idea to stay in Singapore. 6 Animals Regulations provides guidelines regarding transport. Level 2_

01 Foods That Make You Smart High performance cars have high performance engines. They need the best fuel. The better the quality of the fuel, the better they will run. This will be true of the brain. Eat the right kind of food, and the brain will work much better too. The brain never stops, so it has a big appetite it needs lots of fuel. The right kind of fuel can improve memory, concentration, and even help people stay motivated. What someone eats before they study, or take a test, could make a big difference in the results. For example, the right kinds of fats are good fuel for the brain. Omega-3 fatty acids are an excellent brain food. These can be found in oily fish, but there are other sources too, such as pumpkin seeds, walnuts, and flax seed oil. Another great brain nutrient is called Choline. It makes the memory stronger and reduces tiredness. The best source is egg yolks, but it can also be found in meat, fish, nuts, and soy. Some fats, though, are very bad for the brain. Current medical research strongly suggests that trans-fats, often found in fast food, will reduce brain power. So save the pizza until after the big test! Be careful of cereal, margarine and bread, too. Manufacturers also use trans-fats in those products to make them last longer on the shelf. *flax: a blue flowered plant; the stem is used for making thread, rope, etc. Time Allowed 2:00 / Reading Time Summary STEP 1 Find the main point of each paragraph. Paragraph 2 Paragraph 4 (a) That the brain needs the right kind of fuel to work (b) What the right kinds of food will do for the brain (a) Fats that are very bad for the brain (b) The kinds of food to avoid before an exam 10_The best preparation for Reading

1 Match each kind of fat with the information listed on the right. A. Omega-3 fatty acid a. It increases memory. B. Choline b. It is found in cereal and margarine. C. trans-fat c. It is contained in oily fish. 2 According to paragraph 4, what is one of the main purposes of using Trans-fat? a. It makes food safer for the body. b. It slows down the decay of food. c. It helps people control their appetite. d. It makes a person s brain slow down. 3 What kind of fat does the following statement describe? It helps people avoid becoming easily exhausted and is mainly found in egg yolks. STEP 2 Fill in the blanks and complete the summary below. The right kind of food helps the work better. Certain are excellent brain food. Some examples are and Choline. Good sources are fish and nuts. Other fats are bad for the brain, such as, often found in fast food, cereal, and bread. So, eating them before tests should be avoided. Level 2_11

02 Are Cockroaches Really Dirty? In Australia, there is a television show called What s Good For You? On the program, presenters test whether popular ideas are correct or not. Recently one of the presenters, Andrew, asked the question, Are cockroaches really dirty? Most people do not like cockroaches. Some people are afraid of them. Almost everyone thinks they are dirty. But insect collector Darrin Vernier, from Arizona has no problems with them. Darrin currently has around 10,000 live roaches in his collection and he told Andrew that they are actually very clean insects. The reason for this is the fact that they keep grooming themselves, just like cats. Any bacteria found on them will come from the surface that they most recently walked on. So, to prove how clean a roach can be, Andrew conducted an experiment. He let a cockroach run across a dirty kitchen floor. Two hours later he took a sample of what was on the cockroach. Then Andrew walked his own fingers across the same surface, did not wash his hands for two hours, and sampled his own fingers. The two samples were left overnight in a Petri dish in an incubator set at 37 degrees. The result? Interestingly, next morning, there was a lot more bacteria in Andrew s Petri dish than in the cockroaches. So it looks like they really do try to stay as clean as they can. What is really interesting though is the presenter s name. His full name is Dr. Andrew Rochford! *petri dish: a special container used by scientists in experiments. *incubator: a box that maintains a set temperature by using a thermostat to control the heat Time Allowed 2:15 / Reading Time Summary STEP 1 Find the main point of each paragraph. Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 (a) The fact that cockroaches are not dirty insects (b) Darrin s collection of 10,000 live roaches (a) The temperature that was used in the experiment (b) The kind of experiment that was conducted 12_The best preparation for Reading

1 According to the passage, which of the following is true? a. Darrin earned the nickname, Dr. Rochford, from the experiment. b. Cockroaches are the same as cats because they groom their fur to keep it clean. c. Contrary to many people s beliefs, cockroaches like to keep themselves clean. d. The television program What s Good For You? is presented by Darrin Vernier. 2 Which of the following is NOT true about the experiment? a. Darrin conducted an experiment to show how clean his cockroaches were. b. A temperature of 37 degrees may be suitable for cultivating various bacteria. c. Cockroaches become dirty because they are attracted to dirty surfaces. d. If hands are not washed, they can become dirtier than cockroaches. 3 Why are cockroaches usually clean? Because. STEP 2 Fill in the blanks and complete the summary below. Most people think are dirty insects. Andrew visited insect collector Darrin Vernier to find out the truth. Darrin told him they are insects. Andrew tested this with an experiment. He took samples of a cockroaches body and his own after both had walked across the same surface. He put the samples in petri dishes in an incubator. The next morning his dish had more than the cockroaches. Level 2_13

Vocabulary Review A Choose the correct synonym for the words below. motivated quality groom surface contain 1 inspired, stimulated, moved 2 clean, brush, rub down 3 include, consist of, embrace 4 standard, rank, grade 5 face, covering, side B Match each word with its antonym. 1 reduce a. similarity 2 buy b. ordinary 3 difference c. raise 4 dirty d. sell 5 strange e. clean C Put the right word in the blanks of each three-sentence group. Change the form if needed. 1 The little boy was swept away by the strong. The economic situation is similar to last year s. A of cold air blew my hat away. 2 What did you do weekend? Enjoy youth, because it will not forever. The time I saw her was in spring; I haven t seen her since. 3 Professor Lee decided to the experiment on Tuesday. an opera in Carnegie Hall is my dream. My mother taught me how to myself in public. 14_The best preparation for Reading

Reading Task 02 1 The Worst Jobs in History 2 The Simpsons Vocabulary Preview A Match each word with its meaning. 1 reenact a. a time of great demand for a product or service 2 rotten b. to applaud or praise something very highly 3 urine c. to provide an historical account of events 4 boom d. to perform previous events again 5 chronicle e. supporting moral beliefs that you do not live by 6 acclaim f. awful and unpleasant 7 reference (to) g. liquid waste expelled from the body 8 hypocrisy h. actions, statements, or ideas that oppose each other 9 contradiction i. opinions or comments regarding certain matters B Use the following words or expressions to complete the sentences below. Change the form if needed. prime-time debut draw out critically parody horrible stale 1 After a few days bread will normally become. 2 Leeches are sometimes used by hospitals to blood from a wound. 3 Rotten eggs have a smell. 4 This will be the rock group s appearance. 5 Naked Gun is a very funny of crime movies. 6 Advertising on television during is very expensive. 7 I evaluated the three books. Level 2_15

01 The Worst Jobs in History The Worst Jobs in History is an amusing television documentary series presented by Tony Robinson, a famous English comedian. In this series he reenacts some of the most horrible examples of employment stretching from the Roman Anglo Saxon through the Victorian eras. There have been many rotten jobs that needed doing throughout British history, such as the Whipping Boy, the Child Chimney Sweep, and Groom of the Stool. One of the worst was the position of Fuller. It may not sound that bad but Fullers spent eight to ten hours a day, up to their knees, walking or dancing in stale urine. To make the work even more unpleasant, the Fuller had to collect the urine by going door to door througout the village. During the 13th century, in the Medieval Ages, Fullers were in great demand. It was a boom time for wool in Britain. The cloth needed to be softened by drawing out the lanolin (oil) that was in the wool. The only way to accomplish this at the time was to fill a tub with urine and walk or dance up and down on the cloth. *Whipping Boy: the same aged playmate who was punished in a royal or noble child s place if he was bad *Groom of the Stool: a person who was responsible for examining the King s solid toilet waste, cleaning his bottom and his toilet *lanolin (oil): a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool, a mixture of fatty acids and esters Time Allowed 2:00 / Reading Time Summary STEP 1 Find the main point of each paragraph. Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 (a) Why the Fuller s job was the worst job (b) Some horrible jobs at the time (a) How to soften the wool during the 13th century (b) Why Fullers had to dance or walk in urine 16_The best preparation for Reading

1 What does the word stretching in paragraph 1 mean? a. investigating b. presenting c. covering d. discussing 2 Which of the following are NOT mentioned as a reason why the author thinks the worst job is a Fuller? a. The pay for of the urine b. Time spent in urine c. The smell of the urine d. Having to collect urine 3 Why did the Fuller have to walk or dance in a tub full of urine? Because that was the only way to draw out. STEP 2 Fill in the blanks and complete the summary below. The Worst Jobs in History is a television documentary series that some of the most in history. The author thinks that the worst job was being a because they had to spend a day up to their. Fullers were needed in the Medieval Ages because they were the only way to soften. Level 2_17

02 The Simpsons The Simpsons is the longest-running cartoon show in history to appear on American prime-time network television. It chronicles the adventures of Homer Simpson and his family. It debuted on the FOX television network in 1989 and has been both popularly and critically acclaimed. Like all the best cartoons, it operates on more than one level at the same time, providing humor both for children and adults. It contains a lot of social criticism and references to other cultural forms, parodying movies and dealing with social and institutional hypocrisy and contradictions. Because it deals with such controversial and sensitive areas, some authorities such as ex-president George Bush have criticized the program for what he views as its subversive and anti-authority content. However, having run now for over 17 years The Simpsons continues to be highly popular and will most likely remain so for some time to come. No one is sure why 1 it continues to be such a popular cartoon show. It may be the excellent production values, such as its drawing and writing. 2 It might be because the episodes often deal with modern day issues that people care about. Ultimately though, most likely, it is simply because it makes people laugh. *subversive: intended to weaken or destroy a political system or government Time Allowed 2:00 / Reading Time Summary STEP 1 Find the main point of each paragraph. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 (a) The Simpsons appears on TV during prime-time. (b) The Simpsons is a very successful cartoon show. (a) What will happen to the Simpsons (b) What the Simpsons is about (a) Possible reasons why the Simpsons is popular (b) Possible reasons why the Simpsons is funny 18_The best preparation for Reading

1 Check T For true and F for False. A. The Simpsons has poor production qualities. T / F B. The Simpsons is written to appeal to all age levels. T / F C. The Simpsons deals with many social issues. T / F D. The Simpsons aims to support America s political system. T / F 2 Some authorities dislike the cartoon show because they think that. a. the show is controversial b. the show supports crime c. the show parodies movies d. the show is anti-government 3 Write the subject that two of the it s in paragraph 3 refer to. 1 2 STEP 2 Fill in the blanks and complete the summary below. is one of the most successful in history, liked by both the public and the critics, but some government officials dislike the program. It deals with serious and includes references to popular culture. It will probably be successful for many years. No one can explain precisely why it has been so successful. Level 2_19

Vocabulary Review A Choose the correct synonym for the words below. remain contradiction acclaim controversial popular 1 stay, continue, go on, stand 2 praise, admire, celebrate, honor 3 disputed, at issue, debatable 4 well-liked, accepted, in favor 5 inconsistency, conflict B Match each word with its antonym. 1 hypocrisy a. praise 2 criticize b. fresh 3 accomplish c. sincerity 4 stale d. boring 5 amusing e. fail C Put the right word in the blanks of each three-sentence group. Change the form if needed. 1 No statement is allowed at the time. The company three changes as solutions yesterday. My boss was not at the party. 2 I was so frightened that I couldn t make any. Your idea wonderful, but do you really believe it will work? When my family bought the car, it was basically. 3 I don t think my is wrong. You should do what you think is right. We should the country s policy fairly and sensibly. This apartment provides a beautiful from the balcony. 20_The best preparation for Reading

Reading Task 03 1 America s Most Unusual Restaurant 2 Homes of the Future Vocabulary Preview A Match each word with its meaning. 1 insane a. worthwhile keeping in mind 2 bizarre b. a system or object of support 3 edible c. to be firmly attached, unlikely to come loose 4 memorable d. very strange, unusual 5 dilemma e. suitable for food 6 intriguing f. almost or completely vertical 7 sheer g. interesting, attractive 8 secure h. mentally unstable to an extreme degree 9 cradle i. a difficult situation in which often all options are not favorable B Use the following words or expressions to complete the sentences below. Change the form if needed. modify retain accommodation vertical approach utilize sphere 1 The dye is fixed so that the clothes their color. 2 Last year, they the contract without any discussion. 3 More people are the public transport system these days. 4 Some jets are designed to take off in a(n), not horizontal direction. 5 We have to apply a different to solve the problem. 6 The teacher used a marble as an example of a(n). 7 There are various options to choose from. Level 2_21

01 America s Most Unusual Restaurant The other day in Chicago when I visited my favorite restaurant, the Moto, for lunch, I couldn t believe my eyes. Four people were eating their menus and talking about the taste of the different meals pictured. I thought they must be insane, but when I sat down and questioned my waiter I learned that this is a bizarre new technology called The Food Replicator. The owner, Homaro Cantu, has succeeded in modifying a standard printer to print flavored images on edible paper. The unusual is the usual at the Moto, which is why I love eating there. Cantu has the philosophy that visitors to his restaurant should have memorable and exciting experiences and that they should also be involved in the whole process. Another example is his new approach to the age old tradition of cooking food at the table, like they do in countries such as Korea. He has developed a clear polymer box that can retain heat for many hours. When people order fish it is put in the box, which is then filled with boiling water and lemon. The waiter brings it to the table and diners can then actually watch their fish bake right in front of their eyes. *polymer: a natural or artificial chemical compound made up of small molecules that create larger molecules of the same kind Time Allowed 2:00 / Reading Time Summary STEP 1 Find the main point of each paragraph. Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 (a) Why the author likes eating at this restaurant (b) The reason why the owner does what he does (a) Exploring different fish-cooking traditions (b) A different example of Cantu s unusual style 22_The best preparation for Reading

1 What type of writing is this passage most similar to? a. A personal journal b. A travel book c. A restaurant review d. A business article 2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the restaurant? a. The restaurant s name b. The owner s first name c. The cost of the Replicator d. The kind of meals served Level- 3 According to the passage, it can be inferred that. a. only the wealthy can eat in this restaurant because it is so expensive b. the menus are not free because people eat them before they choose a meal c. all the waiters who are working at this restaurant really enjoy their work d. people attracted to this restaurant are looking for unusual experiences 4 According to paragraph 1, why did the author think four of the people were insane? Because they were. STEP 2 Fill in the blanks and complete the summary below. Homaro Cantu, the owner of the Moto, has modified an Inkjet printer. It is common for Cantu to do unusual things because he wants visitors to have. He has also developed a polymer box that retains heat so that people can at their table. Level 2_23

02 Homes of the Future The countries of the world are facing the dilemma of balancing the need for arable land with the need for places to live. One idea is making use of space that is normally unusable, such as cliffs and trees. Here are two intriguing examples: the Neptus 60 Cliff Habitat and the Free Spirit Sphere. The Neptus is designed to utilize a sheer cliff face. This futuristic vertical structure is based on four elements: a living space, an observation deck, a dock for boats, and an underwater observation globe. This uniquely designed building can be secured to almost any cliff face. The Free Spirit Sphere is a futuristic tree house. This easy-to-relocate 3.2 meter fiberglass sphere can rest in a ground cradle or be strung 30 meters in the air to hang between the trees. Both focus on making use of space that cannot normally be used for traditional style buildings. Who knows what amazing options will be developed in the years to come? Perhaps one day soon we will have the choice of living under the ocean, in the air, in orbit, on the moon, or maybe even on another planet such as Mars. Whatever the case, it remains certain that we need to discover ways of producing additional living space for future generations. *arable land: land suitable to be cultivated for the production of crops Time Allowed 2:10 / Reading Time Summary STEP 1 Find the main point of each paragraph. Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 (a) How new homes are unusual (b) The most popular homes built in unusual places (a) The possibility of discovering and developing new kinds of places for people to live (b) New places that have already been discovered 24_The best preparation for Reading

Level- 1 Why does the author mention a dilemma in paragraph 1? a. To prove that the world needs the Neptus and the Free Spirit Sphere b. To encourage people to buy the Neptus and Free Spirit Sphere c. To make people more aware of the dangers of overpopulation d. To present the need for new house designs 2 Write N for sentences related to the Neptus and F for the Free Spirit Sphere. A. They can be put above the ground in or between things. B. They have a certain place for underwater observation. C. They have various areas that people can use. D. They are round in shape and can be moved without difficulty. 3 What does the auther say that we should do for future generations? We should find possible ways for more. STEP 2 Fill in the blanks and complete the summary below. Countries face a dilemma between balancing the need for land to with the need for. The Neptus 60 and the Free Spirit Sphere are two projects that use places that cannot. The former makes it possible to use a as a living space; the latter makes it possible to live in the. We do not know what other options will be available in the future but it is important that more living space be developed. Level 2_25