SETTING WHEN AND WHERE A STORY TAKES PLACE

LITERARY ELEMENTS

PLOT THE SEQUENCE OF RELATED EVENTS THAT MAKE UP A STORY

THE PLOT OF A STORY CONSISTS OF 4 PARTS: BASIC SITUATION (EXPOSITION) CONFLICTS (COMPLICATIONS) CLIMAX RESOLUTION

BASIC SITUATION (EXPOSITION) PRESENTS THE MAIN CHARACTER AND HINTS OF UPCOMING CONFLICT

CONFLICTS (COMPLICATIONS) EVENTS IN THE STORY THAT CAUSE PROBLEMS OR CONFLICT-- INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL STRUGGLES INVOLVING THE MAIN CHARACTER

TYPES OF CONFLICT EXTERNAL CONFLICT WHEN A CHARACTER STRUGGLES WITH AN OUTSIDE FORCE INTERNAL CONFLICT WHEN A CHARACTER STRUGGLES WITH HIM OR HERSELF

CLIMAX THE HIGH POINT OF THE PLOT IT USUALLY DECIDES THE OUTCOME OF THE STORY

RESOLUTION THE LAST PART OF THE PLOT IT IS WHEN THE PROBLEMS ARE SOLVED AND THE STORY ENDS

TIMING OF EVENTS IN THE PLOT CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER PROLOGUE EPILOGUE FLASHBACK FLASH-FORWARD FORESHADOWING SUSPENSE

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER THE ORDER IN WHICH EVENTS OCCUR IN THE STORY

FLASHBACK AN EPISODE FROM THE PAST THAT SOMETIMES INTERRUPTS THE PLOT

FLASH-FORWARD AN EPISODE FROM THE FUTURE THAT SOMETIMES INTERRUPTS THE PLOT

PROLOGUE AN EVENT(S) THAT IS PRESENTED BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY IT CAN BE A FLASHBACK OR A FLASH-FORWARD

EPILOGUE AN EVENT(S) THAT IS PRESENTED AFTER THE END OF A STORY IT IS USUALLY A FLASH-FORWARD

FORESHADOWING PRESENTING HINTS OR CLUES AS TO WHAT MAY HAPPEN LATER IN THE STORY

SUSPENSE THE ANTICIPATION, EXCITEMENT, OR ANXIETY RELATING TO THE OUTCOME OF A STORY

RELATED TERMS PREDICTION A TYPE OF INFERENCE; A GUESS BASED ON EVIDENCE INFERENCE A CONCLUSION OR OPINION BASED ON FACTS OR EVIDENCE

PROTAGONIST THE MAIN CHARACTER IN A LITERARY WORK (A DRAMA OR STORY) THE HERO OR HEROINE (SHERO)

ANTAGONIST A CHARACTER OR FORCE IN A STORY THAT CONTENDS WITH OR OPPOSES THE MAIN CHARACTER, CAUSING CONFLICT(S)

POINT OF VIEW THE VANTAGE POINT FROM WHICH A WRITER TELLS A STORY

FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW WHEN A CHARACTER IS TELLING THE STORY IT IS USUALLY TOLD BY THE MAIN CHARACTER

THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW WHEN THE AUTHOR TELLS THE STORY HE OR SHE CAN SEE THE WHOLE PICTURE, NOT JUST WHAT THE MAIN CHARACTER SEES

CHARACTER A PERSON OR PERSONALITY IN A STORY, DRAMA, POEM, OR NOVEL.

CHARACTER TRAITS WORDS THAT CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE A CHARACTER S APPEARANCE OR PERSONALITY

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED: THE CHARACTER S SPEECH 1 ST PERSON NARRATION THE MAIN CHARACTER TELLS ABOUT HIM OR HERSELF OR OTHER CHARACTERS AS HE OR SHE TELLS THE STORY

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED: THE CHARACTER S SPEECH DIALOGUE CHARACTERS IN THE STORY REVEAL THINGS ABOUT THEMSELVES AS THEY TALK TO EACH OTHER IN THE STORY

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED: THE CHARACTER S SPEECH MONOLOGUE A CHARACTER IS ALONE AND IS TALKING TO THE AUDIENCE OR READER

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED: THE CHARACTER S SPEECH SOLILOQUY A CHARACTER IS ALONE AND IS TALKING TO HIM OR HERSELF USUALLY USED IN A PLAY

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED THE CHARACTER S APPEARANCE

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED THE CHARACTER S ACTIONS

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED THE CHARACTER S THOUGHTS (SOMETIMES REVEALED IN A SOLILOQUY)

WAYS THAT CHARACTERS ARE DESCRIBED HOW OTHER CHARACTERS FEEL ABOUT OR ACT AROUND THIS CHARACTER OR WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT HIM OR HER

TYPES OF CHARACTERIZATION DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION WHEN THE AUTHOR TELLS THE READER DIRECTLY ABOUT THE CHARACTER(S)

TYPES OF CHARACTERIZATION INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION WHEN THE AUTHOR TELLS THE READER INDIRECTLY ABOUT THE CHARACTER(S) THE READER MAKES HIS OR HER OWN JUDGMENTS ABOUT THE CHARACTER(S)

FLAT VS. ROUND CHARACTERS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x jvlyivlg3q

MOTIVATION THE CAUSES OR REASONS FOR A CHARACTER S BEHAVIOR IN A STORY

IRONY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHAT WE EXPECT OR WHAT SEEMS SUITABLE OR APPROPRIATE AND WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS IN A STORY

IRONY

IRONY THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF IRONY: VERBAL IRONY SITUATIONAL IRONY DRAMATIC IRONY

TYPES OF IRONY VERBAL IRONY WHEN SOMEONE SAYS ONE THING BUT MEANS THE OPPOSITE EX. SARCASM, DRY HUMOR

TYPES OF IRONY

TYPES OF IRONY SITUATIONAL IRONY WHEN AN EVENT OCCURS THAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF OR DIFFERENT FROM WHAT WE EXPECT TO HAPPEN

TYPES OF IRONY SITUATIONAL IRONY http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=viglgjefp8w

TYPES OF IRONY DRAMATIC IRONY WHEN WE KNOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO A CHARACTER BUT THE CHARACTER DOES NOT KNOW

TYPES OF IRONY DRAMATIC IRONY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =AGikxIaOuNQ

SATIRE WRITING THAT RIDICULES THE SHORTCOMINGS OF PEOPLE OR INSTITUTIONS IN AN ATTEMPT TO BRING ABOUT A CHANGE OFTEN USES EXAGGERATION OR HUMOR TO INVITE LAUGHTER AT SOMEONE S EXPENSE. EXS. OF SHORTCOMINGS GREED, INJUSTICE, CRUELTY, STUPIDITY, DECEIT, ETC.

SATIRE

SATIRE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8m- KlV5cPUo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oe3kxu g8jmi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wd97o yhzu0

AMBIGUITY WHEN THE AUTHOR OFFERS SEVERAL CONFLICTING MEANINGS AND LEAVES THE READER TO SORT THEM OUT

THEME THE CENTRAL IDEA OF A STORY (ALSO CALLED MOTIF)

UNIVERSAL THEME IDEAS ABOUT LIFE THAT OCCUR OFTEN IN LITERATURE THEY USUALLY DEAL WITH BASIC HUMAN NATURE OR CONCERNS EX. GOOD VS. EVIL LIFE OR DEATH LOVE BETRAYAL

ALLEGORY A STORY IN WHICH CHARACTERS, SETTINGS, AND ACTIONS STAND FOR (SYMBOLIZE) SOMETHING BEYOND THEMSELVES

SYMBOL AN ORDINARY OBJECT, PERSON, OR ANIMAL TO WHICH WE ATTACH A MEANING EX. EAGLE=BRAVERY, NOBILITY LION=COURAGE FOX OR WOLF=SLYNESS, DECEIT, TRICKERY DONKEY=STUPIDITY

TONE THE ATTITUDE A WRITER TAKES TOWARD A SUBJECT, CHARACTER, OR THE READER

MOOD THE ATMOSPHERE CREATED BY THE WRITER BY USING CERTAIN WORDS, SETTINGS, ETC.

VOICE THE WRITER S USE OF LANGUAGE, WORD CHOICE, AND TONE

ALLUSION A REFERENCE A WRITER MAKES TO ANOTHER LITERARY WORK

COMPARE FINDING SIMILARITIES (THINGS THAT ARE THE SAME) BETWEEN TWO OR MORE THINGS

CONTRAST FINDING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO OR MORE THINGS

ASSONANCE THE REPETITION OF SIMILAR VOWEL SOUNDS IN A SENTENCE OR A LINE OF POETRY OR PROSE

CONSONANCE THE REPETITION OF SIMILAR CONSONANT SOUNDS IN A SENTENCE OR A LINE OF POETRY OR PROSE

PARADOX A SELF-CONTRADICTORY STATEMENT THAT AT FIRST SEEMS TRUE EX. THE MORE YOU SPEND, THE MORE YOU SAVE.

PARALLELISM REPEATED SYNTACTICAL (THE STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES) SIMILARITIES INTRODUCED FOR RHETORICAL (SPEAKING AND WRITING) EFFECT

OVERSTATEMENT TO STATE IN TERMS THAT ARE TOO STRONG FOR THE SITUATION EX. HE OVERSTATED THE IMPORTANCE OF LOSING HIS HOMEWORK BY SAYING IT WAS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH.

UNDERSTATEMENT TO STATE IN TERMS THAT ARE NOT STRONG ENOUGH FOR THE SITUATION EX. SHE UNDERSTATED THE IMPORTANCE OF FAILING HER TEST BY SAYING THAT THE GRADE WOULD BE DROPPED.

ALLITERATION THE REPETITION OF CONSONANT SOUNDS, ESPECIALLY AT THE BEGINNING OF WORDS EX. SHE SELLS SEASHELLS BY THE SEASHORE.

EPIC A WORK OF LITERATURE THAT COVERS A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND USUALLY HAS HEROIC CHARACTERS

EPIC HERO A MAIN CHARACTER IN AN EPIC WHOSE LEGENDARY OR HEROIC ACTIONS ARE CENTRAL TO HIS/HER CULTURE, RACE, OR NATION

FICTION A WORK OF LITERATURE THAT HAS BEEN MADE UP OR INVENTED BY THE AUTHOR

NONFICTION A WORK OF LITERATURE THAT IS TRUE AND FACTUAL; IT IS NOT MADE UP OR INVENTED

RHYME THE MATCHING OF FINAL VOWEL OR CONSONANT SOUNDS IN TWO OR MORE WORDS, USUALLY USED IN POETRY

TYPES OF RHYME EXACT RHYME WHEN THE FINAL SOUNDS OF WORDS MATCH EXACTLY EX. MOAN-GROAN; BELL-TELL; MOVING- GROOVING

TYPES OF RHYME APPROXIMATE RHYME WHEN THE FINAL SOUNDS OF WORDS DO NOT MATCH EXACTLY, BUT CLOSELY EX. DOVE COVE; AGAIN-RAIN; DAWN=- MORN

TYPES OF RHYME INTERNAL RHYME WHEN WORDS WITHIN THE SAME LINE OF POETRY RHYME EX. I LOVE THE WAY FLOWERS BLOOM IN MAY.

CONNOTATION THE SUGGESTION OF A MEANING BY A WORD APART FROM THE THING IT EXPLICITLY NAMES OR DESCRIBES SOME WORDS HAVE POSITIVE CONNOTATIONS, SOME HAVE NEGATIVE, AND SOME ARE NEUTRAL EX. PRETTY=POSITIVE UGLY=NEGATIVE TALL=NEUTRAL

DENOTATION A DIRECT, SPECIFIC MEANING OF A WORD AS DISTINCT FROM AN IMPLIED OR ASSOCIATED IDEA

ONOMATOPOEIA THE USE OF WORDS TO IMITATE THE SOUNDS THEY DESCRIBE EX. WHOOSH; BUZZ; HISS; POP

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE A FORM OF LANGUAGE USE IN WHICH WRITERS AND SPEAKERS CONVEY SOMETHING OTHER THAN THE LITERAL MEANING OF THEIR WORDS

TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE HYPERBOLE THE USE OF EXTREME EXAGGERATION TO EMPHASIZE A POINT EX. I VE TOLD YOU A MILLION TIMES NOT TO DO THAT!

TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE SIMILE A FIGURE OF SPEECH INVOLVING A COMPARISON BETWEEN UNLIKE THINGS USING LIKE, AS, OR AS THOUGH EX."MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED, RED ROSE."

TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE METAPHOR A FIGURE OF SPEECH INVOLVING A COMPARISON BETWEEN UNLIKE THINGS WITHOUT USING LIKE, AS, OR AS THOUGH EX."MY LOVE IS A RED, RED ROSE."

TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE PERSONIFICATION A FIGURE OF SPEECH WHICH GIVES SOMETHING NON-HUMAN OR INANIMATE HUMAN QUALITIES EX. THE TREES DANCED IN THE WIND. THE SUN SMILED DOWN ON THE WEARY TRAVELERS.

TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IDIOM AN EXPRESSION THAT CANNOT BE UNDERSTOOD FROM THE MEANINGS OF ITS INDIVIDUAL WORDS. EX. IT HAS BEEN RAINING CATS AND DOGS ALL DAY. DID YOU HEAR THAT FRED KICKED THE BUCKET?

FOIL A CHARACTER WHO SERVES AS A CONTRAST TO ANOTHER CHARACTER AND/OR PARALLELS THE MAIN CHARACTER IN A PLAY OR STORY

ARCHETYPE A CONSTANTLY RECURRING SYMBOL, MOTIF, OR TYPE OF CHARACTER IN LITERATURE EX. WISE OLD MAN, FAIRY GODMOTHER, EVIL STEPMOTHER, VILLAINS, HEROES, LOVESICK TEENAGER, ETC.

STEREOTYPE AN IDEA THAT MANY PEOPLE HAVE ABOUT A THING OR A GROUP AND THAT MAY OFTEN BE UNTRUE OR ONLY PARTLY TRUE EX. BLONDES ARE DUMB; REDHEADS HAVE FIERY TEMPERS

IMAGERY THE USE OF LANGUAGE THAT APPEALS TO ONE OR MORE OF THE FIVE SENSES EX. A BLUE SWEATER, A TINKLING BELL, A FUZZY PEACH

DICTION THE SELECTION OF WORDS IN A LITERARY WORK EX.THE DICTION OF EDGAR ALLAN POE IS VERY DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF STEPHEN KING.

MYTH A STORY OFTEN DESCRIBING THE ADVENTURES OF SUPERHUMAN BEINGS THAT ATTEMPTS TO DESCRIBE THE ORIGIN OF A PEOPLE'S CUSTOMS OR BELIEFS OR TO EXPLAIN MYSTERIOUS EVENTS (AS THE CHANGING OF THE SEASONS)

BLANK VERSE A LINE OF POETRY OR PROSE IN UNRHYMED IAMBIC PENTAMETER, OFTEN FOUND IN POETRY BY SHAKESPEARE

ASIDE WORDS SPOKEN TO THE AUDIENCE BY A CHARACTER IN A DRAMA THAT ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE HEARD BY THE OTHER CHARACTERS ONSTAGE. AN ASIDE IS USUALLY USED TO LET THE AUDIENCE KNOW WHAT ANOTHER CHARACTER IS THINKING.

DIALECT A REGIONAL VARIETY OF A LANGUAGE DIFFERING FROM STANDARD LANGUAGE A VARIETY OF A LANGUAGE USED BY THE MEMBERS OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CLASS

FREE VERSE POETRY WITHOUT A REGULAR PATTERN OF METER OR RHYME.

POETRY WRITING THAT USUALLY INVOLVES RHYTHM AND RHYME

COUPLET SETS OF TWO LINES THAT RHYME EX. He was a fair-haired lad, to be sure, Modest, humble, and so very pure.

STANZA A DIVISION OR UNIT OF A POEM THAT IS REPEATED IN THE SAME FORM

IAMBIC PENTAMETER A TEN SYLLABLE LINE WITH THE UNSTRESSED/STRESSED PATTERN

TYPES OF STANZAS COUPLET=2 LINES THAT RHYME AND HAVE THE SAME LENGTH AND METER (RHYTHM) QUATRAIN=4 LINES CINQUAIN=5 LINES SESTET=6 LINES OCTAVE=8 LINES SONNET=14 LINES

KENNING A METAPHORICAL COMPOUND WORD OR PHRASE USED ESPECIALLY IN OLD ENGLISH AND OLD NORSE POETRY EXS. SWAN-ROAD FOR OCEAN; BATTLE-SWEAT FOR BLOOD; SLAUGHTER-DEW FOR BLOOD; SLEEP OF THE SWORD FOR DEATH; FEED THE EAGLE FOR KILL YOUR ENEMIES; SWAN OF BLOOD FOR RAVEN; FEEDER OF RAVENS FOR WARRIOR

FRAME STORY A STORY THAT SERVES TO BIND TOGETHER SEVERAL DIFFERENT NARRATIVES

SOCIAL COMMENTARY A SPOKEN OR WRITTEN ACT OF REBELLION TOWARD AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP; COMMENTARY ON SOCIAL ISSUES OR SOCIETY http://prezi.com/y1oywx_fheo8/chaucer-the-canterburytales-social-commentary/

LIAR S PARADOX THE PARADOX OF A MAN WHO STATES "I AM LYING." IF HE IS LYING, THEN HE IS TELLING THE TRUTH, AND VICE VERSA. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvxwezojvhg

EXEMPLUM AN ANECDOTE (A VERY, VERY SHORT STORY) THAT TEACHES A MORAL OR A LESSON

MORAL A LESSON ABOUT LIFE OR HUMAN NATURE FABLES, PARABLES, AND SATIRES OFTEN CONTAIN MORALS.

TRAGEDY A PLAY DEALING WITH TRAGIC EVENTS AND HAVING AN UNHAPPY ENDING, ESPECIALY ONE CONCERNING THE DOWNFALL OF THE MAIN CHARACTER.

TRAGIC HERO A GREAT OR VIRTUOUS CHARACTER IN A DRAMATIC TRAGEDY WHO IS DESTINED FOR DOWNFALL, SUFFERING, DEFEAT, OR DEATH

DRAMA A STORY INVOLVING CONFLICT OR CONTRAST OF CHARACTER, ESPECIALLY ONE INTENDED TO BE ACTED ON THE STAGE; A PLAY.

COMIC RELIEF AN AMUSING SCENE, INCIDENT, OR SPEECH INTRODUCED INTO SERIOUS OR TRAGIC ELEMENTS, AS IN A PLAY, IN ORDER TO PROVIDE TEMPORARY RELIEF FROM TENSION, OR TO INTENSIFY THE DRAMATIC ACTION.

ELISION IN A DRAMA,THE OMISSION OF ACTION (NOT SHOWN ON THE STAGE) BUT IS UNDERSTOOD TO HAPPEN OFFSTAGE

OXYMORON A COMBINATION OF WORDS THAT HAVE OPPOSITE OR VERY DIFFERENT MEANINGS EXS. Jumbo shrimp; cold sweat