1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Research Background There are many kinds of translated books published in Indonesia. Since people in Indonesia need a cheap leisure, it can be provided by reading books or novels. Due to the high demand of English books which are translated into Indonesian, a good translated book is expected by the readers. Since most of the foreign bestseller books published in Indonesia are written in English. Thus, translating a book, especially translating a novel is not an easy job to deal with. The translators must be able to produce a great translated book which is representing the whole parts of the novel well by conveying the message of the original novel into translated novel. There are many aspects that translator must be careful in translating novels. Novel contains a plot, setting of situations which are waiting to be well conveyed. In additon, a novel has its own styles and diction in expressing the character emotion and describing the situation. Thus, a translator has to deliver all of the information stated in the novel by considering all those important aspects to build the emotion of the readers. Cohesion is one of the aspects that have an important role in holding the unity of the text. Furthermore, cohesion is massively found in a novel since sentences need something to make them tied. Halliday and Hasan state that 1
2 cohesion is relations of meanings that exist within the text and define it as a text. (1976: 4). Thus, cohesion is an important part of the text, because cohesion supports the sentences which construct the text. By considering the cohesion in every part of the sentence, the translator would be able to transfer the message of the source text into target text and be able to make a clear translation of certain cohesion appeared. The consideration in translating the cohesion makes the translator aware to translate the cohesion into various translations. Furthermore, the translation could be related to the context of situation in order to provide a readable translated book. As a translators, they have to consider about the cohesion existed in the text. Besides, cohesion is needed to tie the sentences in the novels in order to build a story. The translator will find difficulties in transferring demonstrative reference as the part of cohesion, especially the selective nominal demonstrative references. The difficulties are related to the difference of language system and cultures. Thus, the translators should translate the selective nominal demonstrative in accurate, acceptable and readable way to provide a great translation product. The examples below are taken from a novel entitled The Old man and The Sea and its two versions of the translated books. The Old man and The Sea is a bestseller novel which is written by Ernest Hemingway. By considering its reputation, the researcher chose The Old Man and The Sea to be analyzed in
3 terms of its types of proximity and the translation quality of its two translated version of the selective nominal demonstrative in Indonesian. The researcher chose a translation version translanted by Yuni Kristianingsih Pramudhaningrat published by Serambi Ilmu Semesta as the first translated book. The second book is translated by Dian Vita Ellyati published by Liris. The following data are the examples of selective nominal demonstrative found in the original book of The Old man and The Sea and its two versions of the translated books: Example: Source Text: It is strange, the oldaman said. He never went turtling. That is what kills the eyes. (Datum 006/SL/p.015) Target Text 1: Sungguh aneh, kata lelaki tua itu. Dia kan tidak pernah pergi berburu penyu. Mencari penyu bisa bikin mata buta. (Datum 006/TL(1)/p.014(1)) Target Text 2: Aneh, kata lelaki tua itu, Dia tak pernah pergi berburu penyu. Padahal itulah yang mematikan mata. (Datum 006/TL(2)/p.009(2)) The situation above occurs when the old man named Santiago and Manolin as the boy were talking about another fisherman whose his eyes almost blind. Santiago and Manolin were arguing about what makes the fisherman eyes blind.
4 There are translation differences found in the two translated version stated above. In the first translation, the translator tries to interpet the meaning of that in the sentence by replacing it with mencari penyu. The translator relates the word that into its context of situation and the previous utterance that Santiago said about turtle-ing. In Bahasa Indonesia, the word turtle-ing might be able to be said as the activity of searching turtles. Thus, the way the translator translating that as mencari penyu is correct. In addition, the readers are easier to catch the message of what the selective nominal demonstrative that pointing to and the translation is able to be understood. In the second example, the translator gives another translation by placing padahal itulah to support the translation of that. The word that in Bahasa Indonesia refers to itu. The second translation has padahal itulah as the translation of that to emphasize the word that which is pointing to turtel-ing as in the previous utterance. It is quiet easy to understand the reffering of that in the utterance. The second translation implicitly conveys the message of that which refers to turtel-ing by padahal itulah as the translation. Halliday and Hasan (1976) suggest that the notion of proximity is interpreted on some different levels. As Halliday and Hasan says that the word that in the example above includes in spatial proximity since the word that pointing out something in a context.
5 Example 2: Source Text: Don t think Oldman, he said aloud. Sail on this course and take it when it comes. But, I must think, he thought. Because it is all I have left. That and baseball. (Datum 082/ST/p.114) Target Text 1: Jangan berpikir Pak Tua, Serunya lantang. Berlayarlah ke tujuan dan hadapi semuanya jika itu datang. Tapi aku harus berpikir, batinnya, karena tinggal itu yang kupunya. Pikiran dan bisbol. Target Text 2: (Datum 082/TT(1)/p.113(1)) Jangan berpikir Pak Tua, katanya keras. Berlayarlah pada arah ini dan atasi apa saja yang muncul. Tetapi aku harus berpikir, pikirnya. Karena Cuma itulah hal tersisa yang ada. Itu dan baseball. (Datum 082/TT(2)/p.106(2)) The context of situation in the example above is that Manolin gave his support to Santiago when he doubted about his own ability in catching fish. The Boy thought that Santiago scared of himself. Thus, Manolin said that Santiago should not think. The first translation has pikiran to represent the word that in the source language. The translator considers about the previous utterance occured between Santiago and Manolin. Manolin gave an advice to Santiago not to worry too much. But Santiago refused Manolin s advisement. He only have that and
6 baseball as he thought. It is reasonable when the first translator translate that into pikiran. The second translator provides itu as the translation of that. The translation itu does not represent the real message of the word in a context. The readers might be confused when the readers only read that certain part without pay an attention of the previous sentences. The readers have to search for the meaning of itu and what itu pointing to. It needs at least 2 times of reading to catch the real meaning of itu. The word that which is taken as the example above is spatial proximity since the word that above is pointing out something in a distant/far/not near. The examples above show that it is required to give a specific, clear and correct translation of the selective nominal demonstrative references in order to deliver the message of the context smoothly. Due to the phenomenon showed, the researcher is interested in comparing the two translated versions of a novel entitled The Old man and The Sea translated into Lelaki Tua dan Laut particularly the translation selective nominal demonstrative references found in the novel. B. Research Limitation This research focuses on the translation of demonstrative reference, especially, the selective nominal demonstrative found in the two translated book of Old Man And The Sea by Ernest Hemingway. The researcher discusses about the types of nominal demonstrative found and how they are translated, and the three aspects of
7 translation qualities (accuracy and acceptability and readability) of selective nominal demonstrative translation. C. Problem Statements Based on the research background of the study, the problem statements are articulated as follows: 1. What are the types of selective nominal demonstrative references found in The Old man and The Sea Novel and how are they translated? 2. How are the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the selective nominal demonstrative references translation found in the two versions of The Old man and The Sea translated book? D. Research Objectives The following statements are the objectives of the research: 1. To find out the types of selective nominal demonstrative references found in The Old man and The Sea Novel and the way they are translated. 2. To examine the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the selective nominal demonstrative references translation found in the two versions of The Old man and The Sea translated book.
8 E. Research Benefits This research is expected to be beneficial for translation students and other researchers: 1. The translation student The result of this research is expected to be useful for the students of English Department in developing their knowledge about translation of selective nominal demonstrative. 2. The other researchers This research can be used as the insipiration to conduct further research of the topic discussed in a more complete and detail discussion of comparing two versions of translation. F. Thesis Organization Thesis Organization of this research is arranged into five chapters as follows: CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION This chapter consists of Research Background, Research Limitation, Research Problems, Research Objectives, Research Benefits, and Thesis Organization. CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter consists of Translation, Cohesion, Quality Assessment, In Brief Description of The Old man and The Sea, Review of Previous Research.
9 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METODOLOGI Research Method, Source of Data Collection, Technique of Data Analysis, Research Procedure. CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Data Findings, Discussion CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion, Recommendation
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