Inter-faculty Research Writing Retreat Using Harvard Citation Style 1
Referencing is quoting from an authoritative source and acknowledging your source: 1). in the body of your work (in-text referencing or citation), and 2). at the end of your work (reference list or bibliography) 2
Referencing is using someone else s ideas, interpretations and discussions in your own writing, and acknowledging the sources of these ideas, interpretations and discussions, by following a correct academic convention 3
Why Reference? Ensure credibility Show that you have researched the topic Back up your views with supporting evidence Demonstrate that you have consulted major works in the field Enable your reader to look up the original if necessary Required in academic research to avoid plagiarism 4
What is Plagiarism? Copying someone else s work and claiming it as your own Stealing someone s words, images, ideas, information, etc. and using these in your own work without acknowledging the source of the information 5
Citation Styles Harvard American Psychological Association (APA) Modern Language Association (MLA) Chicago / Turabian 6
In-text Referencing 1. Summary 2. Paraphrase 3. Short quotations 4. Long quotations 7
In-text Referencing - Examples e.g.1. According to Smith (2008, p. 3) e.g.2. (Reddy 2003, p. 108). e.g.3. However, Bainimarama (2004, p. 247) suggested that Oceania s rich marine resources. e.g.4. Young (1987, p. 7) highlighted the situation 8
Reference List or Bibliography Reference List - list of the references actually referred to in the work Bibliography - list of references at the end of your work, showing what sources the author used in writing the particular work 9
Creating your Reference List / Bibliography Located at the end of your work Arranged in alphabetical order Left aligned Have a blank single line space between each reference Use only one citation style consistently 10
Referencing Elements - Books Author(s) or editor(s) Year of publication Title (may include a sub-title) Place of publication Publisher 11
Referencing Books Example 1 Author - Akuila Bole Year of publication - 2007 Title The Effects of Kava Place of publication Suva Publisher Talanoa Publishers Bole, A 2007, The effects of kava, Talanoa Publishers, Suva. 12
Referencing Books Example 2 Author John Aston Singh and Rose Hunter Year of publication - 1997 Title The education system in the Pacific A case study of Fiji Place of publication Rakiraki, Fiji Islands Publisher Talanoa Singh, JA & Hunter, R 1997, The education system in the Pacific: a case study of Fiji, Talanoa, Rakiraki. 13
Referencing Books Example 3 Editor Aisake Ambrose Year of publication - 2010 Title The new Grove dictionary of hip hop music Edition 6 th edition Place of publication London Publisher Macmillan Ambrose, A (ed.) 2010, The new Grove dictionary of hip hop music, 6th edn, Macmillan, London. 14
Referencing Books Example 4 Author no author provided Year of publication - 2009 Title TERMITE INVASION Place of publication Apia, Samoa Publisher ABC Publishers Termite invasion 2009, ABC Publishers, Apia. 15
Referencing Elements - Periodicals Author(s) Year of publication Periodical title (may include a sub-title) Article title (may include a sub-title) Volume and/ or issue number Page number(s) 16
Referencing Periodicals Example 1 Author Jone Peterson Year of publication - 1999 Periodical title (may include a sub-title) Journal of Secondary Education Article title (may include a sub-title) Widening the horizons for secondary schools Volume and/ or issue number vol.3, no.8 Page numbers 89-106 Paterson, J 1999, Widening the horizons for secondary schools, Journal of Secondary Education, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 89-106. 17
Referencing Periodicals Example 2 Author Iri Kennedy Year of publication - 2004 Periodical title (may include a sub-title) Studies in Learning and Development Article title (may include a sub-title) An assessment strategy to help forestall plagiarism problems Volume and/ or issue number vol. 1, no. 1 Page number 5-12 Electronic Source online database ProQuest Kennedy, I 2004, An assessment strategy to help forestall plagiarism problems, Studies in Learning and Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5-12, (online ProQuest). 18
Referencing Newspaper Article - Example Author Kali Yavala Date of publication 1 April 2008 Periodical title The Fiji Times Article title Woman murders gay partner Page number page 1 Yavala, K 2008, Woman murders gay partner, The Fiji Times, 1 April, p. 1. 19
Referencing Elements Electronic Resources provide the complete citation, as for print the date your retrieved the information (when) and the electronic source (where) 20
Referencing Web-based Documents - Example Author Liz Banks Title - Business Presentation & Communication Skills Training - Personal Success Stories Year of publication 2008 Date retrieved 20 th August 2010 Website http://www.skillstudio.co.uk/ Banks, L 2008, Business presentation and communication skills training: personal success stories, viewed 20 August 2010, http://www.skillstudio.co.uk/ 21
Reference List References Ambrose, A (ed.) 2010, The new Grove dictionary of hip hop music, 6th edn, Macmillan, London. Banks, L 2008, Business presentation and communication skills training: personal success stories, viewed 20 August 2010, http://www.skillstudio.co.uk/ Bole, A 2007, The effects of kava, Talanoa Publishers, Suva. Paterson, J 1999, Widening the horizons for secondary schools, Journal of Secondary Education, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 89-106. Singh, JA & Hunter, R 1997, The education system in the Pacific: a case study of Fiji, Talanoa, Rakiraki. 22
Common Errors in Bibliographies Typographic errors Spelling errors Spacing errors Punctuation errors Wrong order of elements Missing elements 23
Style Guides Print Copies REF BF 76.7.P83 2010 Z 253.A8 S89 1994 24
Style Guides Print Copies LB 2369.G53 2009 USP Library, Nov 2011 25