A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE NOVEL SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE BY KEITH R.A. DECANDIDO THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts University of Sebelas Maret By: ARYA WARDHANA C0306014 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2013
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PRONOUNCEMENT Name : Arya Wardhana NIM : C0306014 Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled: A Translation Analysis of Hyperbolic Expression in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith R.A. DeCandido is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by others. The things related to other people s works are written in quotation and included within bibliography. If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the responsibility. Surakarta, The researcher iv
MOTTOS True friends never die (Myme) Do what you love, love what you do (Anonymous) Sometimes you don t have to think, you just do (Arya Wardhana) v
This thesis is dedicated to: My beloved Ibu and Bapak My inspiring friends MYME vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrohmannirrohim First of all, Alhamdulillah, I want to thank to Allah SWT, for everything which make me what I am today. Thanks for every single breath in my life till I can finally finish this thesis. I also want to give my gratitude to all people who support me in finishing this thesis. They are really great people I have ever met. I hope we are all blessed with love and peace. They are: 1. The Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, MEd.,Ph.D, for approving this thesis. 2. The Head of the English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA., Ph.D for his permission to conduct this thesis. 3. My thesis advisor, Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M. Hum, for her advices and assistance. She gives an opportunity to me to work in detail and carefulness. I m sorry for all my mistakes. Thank you very much. 4. My academic consultant, Drs. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism., for her assistance during my study. 5. All the lecturers who have taught and given me precious knowledge during my study. Thank you very much. 6. My informant, Yuyun Kusdiyanto, M.A, for validating the data. 7. My raters, Sumardiono S.S, Anita R. S.S, and Bayu Budiharjo S.S, for the valuable contributions in this thesis. 8. My beloved Ibu and Bapak for loving and caring me. Thanks for your hard work for my study. Thanks for everything. I can never repay it. 9. My brothers, Fadli and Andika, finally I finish my study bro! My brother Wisnu and his little son, Vino, who is a very smart kid. I love you all. 10. My friends in ED06, I will never forget you all. Hermanto, Bowo, Wahyudi, Aji, Vendra, Bimo, Hafid, Letiz, Nurfa, Yuliana, and all the rest of ED06, let s get it done! vii
11. My friends in Myme, Sarjianto and Hendra. Sarjianto menyeng, thanks for your dozen of words, Hendra, you are really inspiring me, you never die bro. My friends in Boyolali lovely city, Isdianto gembus,topo topeng, Indra gendul, Totok, Fajar, Iwan, Dodo, Doyok, keep contact ya! mas Febri, don t forget us. I am really grateful that this thesis is done. However I also realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. Any supporting criticism and suggestions are welcomed. Arya Wardhana viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT.. ii THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS... iii PRONOUNCEMENT.. iv MOTTOS. v DEDICATION. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT.. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS. ix LIST OF TABLES.... xii ABSTRACT. xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION..... 1 A. Research Background. 1 B. Research Limitation 6 C. Problem Statements 6 D. Research Objectives 7 E. Research Benefits 7 F. Thesis Organization 8 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW.... 9 A. Definition of Translation 9 B. Difficulties of Translation.. 10 C. Translation Techniques... 13 D. Translation Quality Assessment (TQA)..... 17 E. Figurative Language... 20 F. Hyperbole.... 23 G. Type of Hyperbole. 24 H. Indonesian Hyperbole.... 25 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 27 A. Research Type and Design commit. to user 27 ix
B. Source of Data. 28 C. Sampling Technique 30 D. Method of Data Collection. 31 E. Technique of Data Analysis... 33 F. Research Procedures.. 35 CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS.... 36 A. Introduction 36 B. Analysis.. 36 1. Types of Hyperbole.. 36 1.1. Noun 37 1.2. Adjective. 39 1.3. Adverb.... 40 1.4. Verb 41 1.5. Numerical Expression 43 1.6. Superlative Degree.. 44 1.7. Idiom... 45 1.8. Simile... 46 1.9. Whole Sentence/ Clause.. 47 2. Technique of Translating Hyperbole.... 51 2.1. Hyperbole Translated into Hyperbole. 51 2.1.1. Literal... 51 2.1.2. Adaptation... 53 2.1.3. Established Equivalent... 54 2.1.4. Transposition... 56 2.1.5. Modulation.. 57 2.1.6. Amplification.. 59 2.1.7. Variation.. 60 2.1.8. Compensation.. 62 2.1.9. Reduction. 63 2.1.10. Linguistic Compression + Discursive Creation 63 2.1.11. Linguistic commit Amplification to user + Reduction... 64 x
2.1.12. Literal + Borrowing... 65 2.1.13. Literal + Generalization... 66 2.1.14. Adaptation + Amplification + Borrowing... 67 2.2. Hyperbole Translated into Non Hyperbole... 67 2.2.1. Generalization. 68 2.2.2. Adaptation... 69 2.2.3. Transposition... 71 2.2.4. Modulation.. 71 2.2.5. Amplification.. 72 2.2.6. Compensation. 73 2.2.7. Variation.. 74 2.2.8. Reduction... 75 2.2.9. Particularization.. 76 3. Translation Quality Assessment... 80 3.1. Accuracy. 80 3.1.1. Classification A (Accurate) 81 3.1.2. Classification B (less Accurate). 86 3.1.3. Classification C (Inaccurate).. 89 3.2. Acceptability 91 3.1.1. Classification A (Acceptable). 92 3.1.2. Classification B (less Acceptable). 95 C. Discussion.. 98 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...... 109 A. Conclusion. 109 B. Suggestion... 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 113 APPENDICES xi
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Table of Accuracy Table 3.2: Table of Acceptability Table 4.1: Visual data of hyperbolic expression based on the distribution of hyperbolic items over lexical and grammatical categories Table 4.2: Table of Translation Technique Data Table 4.3: Table of Accuracy Scale Table 4.4: Table of Acceptability Scale Table 4.5: Discussion Accuracy and Acceptability xii
ABSTRACT Arya Wardhana C0306014. 2013. A Translation Analysis of Hyperbolic Expressions in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE By Keith R.A. DeCandido. Undergraduate Thesis, Surakarta. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. University of Sebelas Maret. This research focuses on the analysis of hyperbolic expressions in the novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith R.A. DeCandido and their translation. The objectives of this research are to find out: (1) the types of hyperbolic expressions in the novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith R.A. DeCandido, (2) the translation techniques used in translating the hyperbolic expressions, (3) the impact of those techniques to the accuracy and acceptability of the translation. This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. To collect the data, purposive sampling technique was applied to analyze the data based on the researcher s criteria. In this research, 92 data were collected from the novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Three methods of data collection were applied; content analysis, a close and open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview that was done with the three raters. The result of the data analysis shows that there are 9 types of hyperbolic expressions in the novel, i.e. noun (21 data), whole sentence/ clause (19 data), numerical expression (17 data), adverb (12 data), adjective (7 data), superlative degree (6 data), idiom (5 data), verb (4 data) and simile (1 datum). Those types of hyperbolic expressions are translated into Bahasa Indonesia by using 16 translation techniques: literal (28 data), generalization (14 data), adaptation (13 data), transposition (7 data), established equivalent (6 data), amplification (6 data), modulation (4 data), variation (3 data), compensation (2 data), reduction (2 data), particularization (1 datum), linguistic amplification + reduction (2 data), linguistic compression + discursive creation (1 datum), literal + borrowing (1 datum), literal + generalization (1 datum) and adaptation + amplification + borrowing (1 datum). Dealing with accuracy, literal technique contributes to the producing of accurate translation, while generalization contributes to the producing of less accurate translation. Dealing with acceptability, there is no significant impact of the use of certain technique to the acceptability level. Dealing with expressive meaning, there are 30 data which are translated less expressively, while 62 data are equally translated. It is recommended that in the future research, there will be a research discussing the type of hyperbolic expressions in different perspective such as the semantic-based classification or the extremity of exaggeration-based classification. Hopefully, this research will be a consideration for the future translators to do a translation project related to hyperbolic expression. It is important since two dominant translation techniques applied in this research produce a contrast result; they are literal technique which tends to produce accurate translation, and generalization technique which tends to produce less accurate translation. xiii