COMP ENG 4TL4: Digital Signal Processing Notes for Lecture #1 Friday, September 5, 2003
Dr. Ian C. Bruce Room CRL-229, Ext. 26984 ibruce@mail.ece.mcmaster.ca Office Hours: TBA Instructor: Teaching Assistants: Name Email Room Ext. Kamran Mustafa mkamran@grads.ece.mcmaster.ca CRL-205 27281 Jennifer Ko jenko@grads.ece.mcmaster.ca CRL-205 27281 Jeff Bondy jeff@soma.crl.mcmaster.ca CRL-102 27566 Office Hours: TBA Web Site: http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/~ibruce/courses/coe4tl4_2003.htm
Course mailing list: coe4tl4@mail.ece.mcmaster.ca This mailing list will be used as a primary means of communication for this course please make sure that you check your email regularly! Only for instructor and TA use If you are not currently on this mailing list, please email me with your name, student number and email address.
Proposed Course Content: Introduction to DSP Time-Domain Analysis of Discrete Signals and Systems Frequency-Domain Analysis Using Fourier and z- Transforms Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Processing Design of FIR and IIR Digital Filters Random Signal Analysis DSP Processors Adaptive Filtering and Adaptive Signal Processing Spectral Analysis and Signal Compression (subject to change!)
Textbooks: Recommended text: A. Oppenheim and R. Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Prentice- Hall, 2nd Edition, 1998. (ISBN 0-13-754920-2) Errata (Some copies should soon be available at Titles Bookstore.) Secondary reference: B. Porat, A Course in Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley and Sons, 1997. (ISBN 0-471-14961-6)
Prerequisites: Must have passed: EE3TQ4 (or equivalent Probability and Random Processes course) Should have done well in: EE3TQ4 (or equivalent) EE3TP4 (or equivalent Signals and Systems course)
Assessment: 5 Homework Assignments (15%) 5 Labs (15%) Midterm exam (30%) Final exam (40%) Rules for Students Missing the Midterm Exam: Students without a valid excuse will get zero points for the midterm, i.e., will lose 30% of their possible total grade. Students with a valid excuse approved by the Associate Dean s office will have an oral deferred midterm exam.
Lectures: There will be 35 one-hour lectures (3 per week) in BSB-236 on: Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays 12:30-1:20pm. Note: no lecture on Tuesday, September 16 th and Friday, November 14 th Lecture notes in PDF format will be posted on the course web site before each lecture. (Acknowledgment: Lecture notes are based on notes from previous years, created by Dr. Alex Gershman.)
Tutorials: There will be 1 one-hour tutorial per week. The class is split into two sections for tutorials: Section T1 is in KTH-104 on Thursdays 8:30-9:20am Section T2 is in GS-219 on Tuesdays 1:30-2:20pm
Labs: There will be 5 three-hour labs in T13-111 every second week, beginning the week of September 15. Lab descriptions will be made available on the web site in advance. Lab reports are to be submitted one week from the date of your assigned lab.
Labs (cont.): Currently you are assigned to 8 (!!) lab sections: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday & Friday afternoons on alternating weeks, with students working alone. Proposed re-sectioning: 3 sections, working in pairs. New Sections L1 & L2 in T13-111 on one day of the week (Wednesdays?), alternating weeks. New Section L3 to complete labs on your own computer and in your own time, with demo of results to Jeff Bondy during his office hours.
Homework: There will be 5 homework assignments. Homework assignments will be posted on the web site. 2 weeks will be given to complete each assignment.
Policy Reminders: The Faculty of Engineering is concerned with ensuring an environment that is free of all adverse discrimination. If there is a problem, that cannot be resolved by discussion among the persons concerned, individuals are reminded they should contact the Departmental Chair, the Sexual Harassment Officer or the Human Rights Consultant, as soon as possible. Academic dishonesty consists of misrepresentation by deception or by other fraudulent means and can result in serious consequences, e.g. the grade of zero on an assignment, loss of credit with a notation on the transcript (notation reads: 'Grade of F assigned for academic dishonesty'), and/or suspension or expulsion from the university. It is your responsibility to understand what constitutes academic dishonesty. For information on the various kinds of academic dishonesty please refer to the Academic Integrity Policy, specifically Appendix 3, located at http://www.mcmaster.ca/senate/academic/ac_integrity.htm The following illustrates only three forms of academic dishonesty: 1. Plagiarism, e.g. the submission of work that is not one s own or for which other credit has been obtained. 2. Improper collaboration in group work. 3. Copying or using unauthorized aids in tests and examinations.
1. INTRODUCTION TO DSP 1.1 The purpose and scope of DSP That discipline which has allowed us to replace a circuit previously composed of a capacitor and a resistor with two antialiasing filters, an A-to-D and a D-to A converter, and a general purpose computer (or array processor) so long as the signal we are interested in does not vary too quickly. Thomas P. Barnwell, 1974 (Taken from p. 1 of Porat.)
versus
Examples of analog signals appearing in nature: electrical signals: voltages, currents, fields acoustic signals: mechanical vibrations, sound waves mechanical signals: displacements, velocities, forces, moments Analog processing may include the following operations: linear: amplification, filtering, integration, differentiation nonlinear: squaring, rectification, inversion
Limitations of practical analog processing: restricted accuracy (e.g., component variations with time, temperature, etc.) restricted dynamic range sensitivity to noise inflexibility to alter or adjust the processing functions problems in implementing accurate nonlinear and time-synchronized operations high cost of data storage and transmission limited speed of operation
DSP operations: converting analog signals into a digital (usually binary) sequence performing all signal processing operations in the digital form if necessary, converting the digital information back to analog signal A typical DSP scheme ANALOG INPUT ANALOG FILTER ADC ( ANALOG-TO- DIGITAL DSP PROCESSOR DAC ( DIGITAL- TO - ANALOG ANALOG FILTER ANALOG OUTPUT CONVERTER ) CONVERTER )
Advantages of DSP: digital data storage and transmission is much more effective than in the analog form flexibility: processing functions can be altered or adjusted possibility of implementing much more complicated processing functions than in analog devices efficient implementation of fast algorithms and matrixbased processing speed of digital operations tends to grow rapidly with the years of technical progress a very high accuracy and reliability is possible to achieve dynamic range can be increased signal multiplexing: simultaneous (parallel) processing
Some application areas of DSP: Music: recording, playback, mixing, synthesis, storage Speech: recognition, synthesis, noise reduction, coding Communications and multimedia: signal generation, transmission, modulation and compression, data protection via error-correcting signal coding Radar: filtering, detection, feature extraction, localization, tracking, identification Image processing: 2-D filtering, enhancement, compression, pattern recognition Biomedicine: diagnosis, patient monitoring, neural and neuromuscular prostheses, assistive devices Control: automation of electrical, chemical and mechanical plants, robotics