APA Citation This is a quick reference sheet for citing sources based on the 6 th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. For more information, please visit our online guide at http://ggu.libguides.com/apa. The online guide includes links to other citation resources and tools as well as step-by-step tutorials on APA style. In-text citation Anytime you use an idea from your research, whether you paraphrase or quote, include an in-text citation. When you paraphrase, the author's last name and the year of publication go in parentheses. When you quote, include the page number as well. Examples Paraphrase: (Smith, 1999). Quote: (Smith, 1999, p. 35). Reference list citation Every in-text citation corresponds to an entry in your reference list, which contains all the information someone would need to locate the original source you used. If a source was not cited in the text, then it does not belong in your reference list. Example Smith, A. (1999). Sales and Marketing. San Francisco: Golden Gate University Press. Formatting your Reference List Everything in APA style is double-spaced, including your reference list. Reference lists have a hanging indent. The first line of each entry starts at the left margin of the page, and each subsequent line of the entry is indented. This makes it easy to tell the entries apart. Many word processing programs have a setting to automatically format paragraphs this way. The reference list is alphabetized, usually by author last name. 1/31/2013 Page 1
How do I cite? Articles with DOI (Digital Object Identifier) A DOI may be found on the document itself, in a database record, or in a database-generated citation. Author. (Publication Date). Title of article. Journal title, Volume, page numbers. doi:xxxxxx Shoham, S., & Yablonka, I. (2008). Monumental library buildings in the internet era: the future of public libraries. IFLA Journal, 34, 266-279. doi:10.1177/0340035208097227 Articles with no DOI Author. (Publication Date). Title of article. Journal title, Volume, page numbers. Available/Retrieved from URL 1. Article from subscription database (give the URL for the publisher of the information, not the database that you retrieved it from). Demos, T. (2009, August 17). Argentina's Cattle Crisis. Fortune, 160(3), 22. Available from http://www.fortune.com/ 2. Article from open access source (include the exact URL for the article) Badke, W. (2008). A rationale for information literacy as a creditbearing discipline. Journal of information literacy, 2(1). Retrieved from http://jil.lboro.ac.uk/ojs/index.php/jil/ra-v2- I1-2008-1 Web pages Author. (Publication Date). Title of Web page. Retrieved [date of retrieval], from URL The OWL at Purdue (2009). Reference list: Electronic sources. Retrieved April 21, 2009, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/5 1/31/2013 Page 2
Web sites If you refer to an entire website in the body of your paper, then include the URL of the site s home page in parentheses, and do not add a citation for the website to your reference list. The American Marketing Association is a vital resource for professionals and students wishing to enter the field; resources for members include publications, networking opportunities, and membersonly events (http://www.marketingpower.com). Books Author. (Publication Date). Title of book. Place of Publication: Publisher. 1. Book by one author Cohen, W.A. (2006). The marketing plan. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons. 2. Edition other than the first Atkinson, A. A. (2001). Management accounting (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. 3. Chapter from a book Eisenstein, E.M., & Lodish, L.M. (2002). Marketing decision support and intelligent systems. In B.A. Weitz & R. Wensley (Eds.), Handbook of marketing (pp.436-456). London: SAGE. Ebooks Author. (Publication Date). Title of Book. Available/Retrieved from URL 1. Ebook available via direct link Martin, B. (1998). Information liberation. Retrieved from http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/ilall.html 1/31/2013 Page 3
Graphs, charts, or tables Author. (Publication Date). Title of graph, chart, or table [type of figure]. In author or editor of work Title of work. Place of Publication: Publisher. 1. Graphs, charts or tables from a book New Strategist. (2008). Women's time use by age, 2007 [Table]. In New Strategist Editors, American women: Who they are and how they live (4th ed.). Ithaca, NY: New Strategist Publications, Inc. 2. Graphs, charts, or tables retrieved online US Census Bureau. (2002). Industries in Which California Ranks First in Terms of Sales or Receipts Per Capita [Table]. 2002 Economic Census. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/data/tops/topstca.htm Film, Video, or DVD Producer s last name, first initial (Producer), & director's last name, first initial (Director). (Year of the film's release). Film Title. [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Name of the movie studio. Ruddy, A. (Producer). Coppola, F (Director). (1972). The Godfather. [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. Social Media Facebook, Twitter, Blog Posts To cite a Facebook or Twitter page and discuss it in general in your paper, give the URL in text, inside parentheses. An in-text citation is sufficient. Treat it as if you are citing the whole website. No reference list entry is required. To cite a specific Facebook or Twitter feed, you will need BOTH an in-text citation AND a reference list entry. To ensure accuracy, you should include names as written. For Facebook and Twitter posts follow the general format below: Author. (Publication Date). Complete Post [Form]. Retrieved from URL 1/31/2013 Page 4
Social Media Facebook, Twitter, Blog Posts Cont. When citing a blog post do not italicize post or blog titles. If the author's name is not available, provide the screen name. Follow the format below for a blog post: Author. (Publication Date). Title of the message. [Form]. Retrieved from URL 1. Twitter post BarackObama. (2009a, July 15). Launched American Graduation Initiative to help additional 5 mill. Americans graduate college by 2020: http://bit.ly/gctx7 [Twitter post]. Retrieved from http://twitter.com/barackobama/status/2651151366 2. In-text citation for Twitter post and Facebook update President Obama announced the launch of the American Graduation Initiative (BarackObama, 2009). 3. Blog post Houghton-Jan, Sarah. (2011, April 13). Just say no to freegal. [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://librarianinblack.net/librarianblack/ Presentation Slides Author. (Publication date). Title of presentation [Type of material]. Retrieved from URL Kapterev, Alexei. (2007). Death by PowerPoint [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/croaker/death-bypowerpoint 1/31/2013 Page 5
Citation Resources Online and in the Library 1. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: (Call number: BF76.7.P83 2009). Available in the library. The official guide to APA style. 2. APA Style Guide to Electronic References: (Call number: PN171.F56 A63 2007). Available in the library at the reference desk and online at: http://library.ggu.edu/search/i?search=%091433803097. This guide covers resources from the web, in databases, and other online forms. 3. APA Citation LibGuide: http://ggu.libguides.com/apa. Guide by GGU University librarians, includes citation examples, video clips, list of citation resources and tools. 4. American Psychological Association: APA Style Website: http://www.apastyle.org/. Contains online tutorials, formatting FAQs, quick answers for citing a variety of sources. 5. GGU Writing Lab: Visit the writing lab located in the University Library for one-on-one help with your writing assignments, reading assignments, oral presentations, resumes, and job interviews. A list of writing lab hours and services is available online at GGU4YOU under the > Student Services > Tutoring section 6. Refworks: https://0-www.refworks.com.library.ggu.edu/refworks. RefWorks is an internet-based program for managing citations. It creates reference lists and can incorporate citations as you write within Microsoft Word. 7. Purdue Online Writing Lab: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/. An extensive online guide with tutorials, sample papers and many examples. 1/31/2013 Page 6