Making Digital AV Signals Work Roy A. Hermanson Jr., CTS-I/D Regional Applications Specialist
5 Steps to Success in Digital AV
5 Steps to Success Signal Integrity Color Space Resolution Audio Format DRM - HDCP
Signal Integrity Source Cables Connectors/Connections Length Location
Signal Integrity Source How good is the source? Is it to spec What is the spec?
The Eye Pattern - Specifications DDWG Specification Transmit 800 mv p - p Receive 150 mv p - p
Signal Integrity Cables HDMI Quality Locking Rating Size
HDMI Cables Five cable types with different capabilities and performance capabilities have been defined Cable type name is to be clearly marked on each cable Supports up to 720p/1080i/2.25 Gbps Supports up to 720p/1080i/2.25 Gbps Support for HDMI Ethernet Channel-100 Mbps Supports 1080p or higher includes 3D & 4K/10.2 Gbps Supports 1080p or higher includes 3D & 4K/10.2 Gbps Support for HDMI Ethernet Channel-100 Mbps
HDMI - Distance HDMI specifications do not define transmission distance Cable construction has improved Consistency of mechanical construction Dielectric material Other factors that improve performance Larger AWG (24 & 22 AWG) Silver & Gold plated connectors & conductors HDMI connector Result is improved performance, reliability & distance
Signal Integrity Connectors/Connections Tight connection Locking Secure Cable Management Bends Adapters
Signal Integrity
Signal Integrity Crosstalk is usually caused by undesired conductive coupling from one circuit or channel, to another. Can be induced in electronics Majority of issues are cable / connector related
Signal Integrity Cable Connection Avoid this signal path
Signal Integrity Length How far is too far? Manufacturers Guidelines Real Life Testing What if signal lost-can it be recovered?
Signal Integrity Twisted Pair Cable Type Considerations 1080p @ 175 feet CAT 5 Cable CAT 6 Cable CAT 7 Cable
Signal Integrity Twisted Pair Lengths & Connectors Twisted Pair Cable and RJ45 Connectors Network cables intentionally designed with inter-pair skew compensation to eliminate crosstalk between data channels Cable ends / RJ45 connector source of crosstalk Use of shielded connector Use of Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable Will electronics used compensate any of this?
Signal Integrity Fiber Cable Lengths & Connectors Cost $$ Calculate the optical budget Connections Patch panels Active equipment
Signal Integrity Location Will a single cable reach the destination? Will it fit into conduit? Do I have to build a cable with couplers and/or adapters? Are there environmental issues to consider?
Color Space 1931 CIE Color Space HDTV (709) srgb Color Gamut HDTV srgb R G B x y 0.640 0.330 0.300 0.600 0.150 0.060 R G B x y 0.640 0.330 0.300 0.600 0.150 0.060 NTSC NTSC SMPTE C Adobe 1998 SMPTE C R G B x y 0.670 0.330 0.210 0.710 0.140 0.080 R G B x y 0.630 0.340 0.310 0.595 0.155 0.070 Adobe 1998 EBU (601) EBU x y x y Printer Space R G B 0.640 0.340 0.210 0.710 0.150 0.060 R G B 0.640 0.330 0.290 0.600 0.150 0.060
Color Space What settings or controls do I have available for this? Source Is it RGB or Component? Active Components in Signal Path? Can this be set via EDID or Manually? Will the settings store on power off? Sink Does it prefer RGB or Component? What is sink capable of? How does it react to change in ColorSpace?
Color Space Color Space Considerations What is the source s color space? What active electronics are in the system? What is the display capable of reproducing? How does the Eye Pattern help determine color space?
Color Space EDID for HDCP compliant HDMI Display EIA/CEA-861 Information Revision number... 3 DTV underscan... Not supported Basic audio... Supported YCbCr 4:4:4... Supported YCbCr 4:2:2... Supported YCbCr 4:2:2... Supported Native formats... 1 Detailed timing #1... 1920x1080i at 60Hz (16:9) Modeline... "1920x1080" 74.250 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1094 1124 interlace +hsync +vsync Detailed timing #2... 1280x720p at 60Hz (16:9) Modeline... "1280x720" 74.250 1280 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 +hsync +vsync Detailed timing #3... 720x480p at 60Hz Modeline... "720x480" 27.000 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 -hsync -vsync Detailed timing #4... 1440x480i at 60Hz Modeline... "1440x480" 27.000 1440 1478 1602 1716 480 488 494 524 interlace - hsync -vsync CE video data (timings supported) 1920 x 1080p at 60Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) [Native] 1920 x 1080p at 24Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) 1920 x 1080i at 60Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) 1280 x 720p at 60Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) 720 x 480p at 60Hz - EDTV (16:9, 32:27) 720 x 480p at 60Hz - EDTV (4:3, 8:9) 720 x 480i at 60Hz - Doublescan (16:9, 32:27) 720 x 480i at 60Hz - Doublescan (4:3, 8:9) 640 x 480p at 60Hz - Default (4:3, 1:1) NB: NTSC refresh rate = (Hz*1000)/1001 CE audio data (formats supported) LPCM 2-channel, 16/20/24 bit depths at 32/44/48 khz CE speaker allocation data Channel configuration... 2.0 Front left/right... Yes Front LFE... No Front center... No Rear left/right... No Rear center... No Front left/right center.. No Rear left/right center... No Rear LFE... No CE vendor specific data (VSDB) IEEE registration number. 0x000C03 CEC physical address... 0.3.0.0 Supports AI (ACP, ISRC).. Yes Supports 48bpp... No Supports 36bpp... Yes Supports 30bpp... Yes Supports YCbCr 4:4:4... Yes Supports dual-link DVI... No Maximum TMDS clock... 225MHz
Managing Resolution Playback Source Processor Display Blu-ray Laptop Annotator Projector USP 507 Satellite Rx Computer Display MGP 464 CATV Cell Phone Video Conference Monitor
Managing Resolution What if I have different Displays? 16:10 5:4 16:9 4:3
Managing Resolution Display Resolutions Are all displays created equally? What are our options in commercial environments? DVI / HDMI Display 1080p Source DVI / HDMI Switcher DA Matrix DVI / HDMI DVI / HDMI Display 1280x800 Display 1024x768
Managing Resolution EDID Management Source unable to read EDID information? Which display should it use for its native resolution? Comparison feature reduces signal to lowest resolution What are the display s scaling capabilities? What can we add to solve for this situation?
Managing Resolution Commercial systems have different source and display resolutions Can display s built-in scaler resolve the selected resolutions? Do we need external scalers & where? EDID Management can reduce some issues, but system must be designed with minimum number of different resolutions
Managing Digital Audio How many A/V designs include all digital only audio systems? Embedded or Separate Audio? Digital Audio Format? Where do you mix Digital and Analog audio? Audio Latency?
Managing Digital Audio EDID for HDCP compliant HDMI Display EIA/CEA-861 Information Revision number... 3 DTV underscan... Not supported Basic audio... Supported YCbCr 4:4:4... Supported YCbCr 4:2:2... Supported YCbCr 4:2:2... Supported Native formats... 1 Detailed timing #1... 1920x1080i at 60Hz (16:9) Modeline... "1920x1080" 74.250 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1094 1124 interlace +hsync +vsync Detailed timing #2... 1280x720p at 60Hz (16:9) Modeline... "1280x720" 74.250 1280 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 +hsync +vsync Detailed timing #3... 720x480p at 60Hz Modeline... "720x480" 27.000 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 -hsync -vsync Detailed timing #4... 1440x480i at 60Hz Modeline... "1440x480" 27.000 1440 1478 1602 1716 480 488 494 524 interlace - hsync -vsync CE video data (timings supported) 1920 x 1080p at 60Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) [Native] 1920 x 1080p at 24Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) 1920 x 1080i at 60Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) 1280 x 720p at 60Hz - HDTV (16:9, 1:1) 720 x 480p at 60Hz - EDTV (16:9, 32:27) 720 x 480p at 60Hz - EDTV (4:3, 8:9) 720 x 480i at 60Hz - Doublescan (16:9, 32:27) 720 x 480i at 60Hz - Doublescan (4:3, 8:9) 640 x 480p at 60Hz - Default (4:3, 1:1) NB: NTSC refresh rate = (Hz*1000)/1001 CE audio data (formats supported) LPCM 2-channel, 16/20/24 bit depths at 32/44/48 khz CE speaker allocation data Channel configuration... 2.0 Front left/right... Yes Front LFE... No Front center... No Rear left/right... No Rear center... No Front left/right center.. No Rear left/right center... No Rear LFE... No CE vendor specific data (VSDB) IEEE registration number. 0x000C03 CEC physical address... 0.3.0.0 Supports AI (ACP, ISRC).. Yes Supports 48bpp... No Supports 36bpp... Yes Supports 30bpp... Yes Supports YCbCr 4:4:4... Yes Supports dual-link DVI... No Maximum TMDS clock... 225MHz
Managing Digital Audio Embedded or Separate Audio HDMI and DisplayPort have embedded audio Blu-Ray, Cable/Satellite receivers and media players are source with both embedded and analog audio outputs Are they both active? Sinks? Projectors and displays may or may not support audio
Managing Digital Audio Audio / Video Latency Lip Sync issues for IMAG Beyond 2 frames of delay is noticeable Where is the video delayed Scalers / seamless switchers Projectors / Displays Embedded in content
Audio from an HDMI Signal HDMI Audio Extractor Analog or Digital Output? Either/Or? Simultaneous? EDID Management Limitations? Responds to EDID Commands? PassThru Audio to next Sink?
Audio into an HDMI Signal Balanced/UnBalanced Audio into HDMI Signal Most likely in either a Scaler or a Matrix Analog or Digital Audio? EDID Management Limitations? Responds to EDID Commands?
Digital Rights Management
Digital Rights Management Protects Content Usage Allow Playback Private Environment or Listening Commercial Spaces Copy Block or Allow
AACS AACS is a standard for encrypting high definition optical discs It works in conjunction with HDCP Ensures only authorized players can read the content Disc will ensure source is not on the revocation list AACS provides for eventual elimination of analog video outputs on Blu-ray Disc players Analog Sunset
AACS AACS works with HDCP Image Constraint Token (ICT) No high resolution analog output 480i Digital Only Token (DOT) No analog output HDCP output only!!! Revocation List The Black List of Keys
AACS - Analog Sunset Compliance Rules for Licensed Products Manufacturers: As of Dec. 31, 2010 Licensed Content Product shall limit the analog outputs for decrypted AACS content to SD interlaced 480i only 2.2.2.1 Analog Sunset 2010. With the exception of Existing Models, any Licensed Player manufactured after December 31, 2010 shall limit analog video outputs for Decrypted AACS Content to SD Interlace Modes: composite video, s-video, 480i component video and 576i video
AACS - Analog Sunset Compliance Rules for Licensed Products Manufacturers: After Dec. 31, 2013 no licensed content player shall be manufactured or sold with analog outputs Digital only 2.2.2.2 Analog Sunset 2013. No Licensed Player that passes Decrypted AACS Content to analog video outputs may be manufactured or sold by Adopter after December 31, 2013.
Code of Federal Regulations 47 CFR 76.1903 that explicitly prohibits the disabling of analog outputs on cable and satellite set top boxes: 76.1903 Interfaces A covered entity shall not attach or embed data or information with audiovisual content, or otherwise apply to, associate with, or allow such data to persist in or remain associated with such content, so as to prevent its output through any analog or digital output authorized or permitted under license, law or regulation governing such covered product. In 2008 the MPAA petitioned the FCC on VOD On May 7 th 2010 the MPAA was issued a waiver
HDCP HDCP is not a DRM HDCP Encrypts and Protects content as it is transmitted as a Digital Data Stream Hardware vs Software We see some BluRay & Mac Laptops that require HDCP connection 24/7 regardless of software
HDCP What are the customers expectations? Do they care about keys? Quick Switching? Seamless Switching? Compliant/Non-compliant? Can we deliver on any of these?
Design Strategies Try It and Test It First Mix it Up Brands or Stay with One Name It looks good on paper but
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Making Digital AV Signals Work Roy A. Hermanson Jr., CTS-I/D Regional Applications Specialist