Film Narrative
Elements of Narrative Story and Plot: - Story: - Plot: (1) Explicitly presented (diegetic) events (2) Implied events (1) Explicitly presented (diegetic) events in certain order (2) Non-diegetic material
Diegesis Diegesis: The total world of the story (1) Diegetic elements: the events, characters, objects, settings, and sounds (2) Nondiegetic elements: things that we see and hear on the screen but that come from outside the world of the story (e.g. background music, titles and credits, voiceover comment from an omniscient narrator)
Story Implied events Explicitly presented (diegetic) events Non-diegetic material Plot
Order & Events Order of Plot events: (1) Chronological (2) Non-chronological Events: Hubs and Satellites (1) Hubs: Major events or branching points in the plot structure that force characters to choose b/w or among alternate paths (2) Satellites: Minor plot events that add texture and complexity to characters and elements but are not essential elements
Duration Definition: length of time (1) Story duration: amount of time that the implied story takes to occur (2) Plot duration: elapsed time of those events within the story that the film explicitly presents (3) Screen duration: movie s running time onscreen
Suspense vs Surprise Surprise: taking unawares Suspense: anxiety brought on by a partial uncertainty - the end is certain, but the means is uncertain (or sometimes both the results and means known)
Frequency Definition: Number of times with which a story element recurs in plot Purpose: (1) Symbols and Metaphors? (2) Memory: Flash-backs and slow-motion (3) Stream-of-consciousness
Characters Treatment: (1) Beings who like real people have discernible traits, habits, and dispositions (2) Formal elements that help develop the narrative (stock characters)
Types of Characters Complexity: (1) Flat Characters: (a) one-dimensional (b) one or very few discernible traits (c) predictable behavior (2) Round characters: three-dimensional (a) three-dimensional (b) Several traits, sometimes contradictory (c) Unpredictable behavior
Types of Characters Roles (1) Major characters: (a) Protagonist (b) Antagonist (2) Minor characters (3) Marginal characters
Determining Character Traits, motivations (social, economic, ethnic, racial, religious, emotional, or psychological), actions Description by narrator or other characters Style by which actors interpret Natural vs. Probable
Setting Definition: time and space in which the story takes place. (1) Not only date, city, or country, but also provides the character s social, education, and cultural backgrounds and other identifying factors vital for understanding them such as what they eat and drink (2) Provides implicit explanation for actions or traits normally considered eccentric by providing cultural context
Point of View Physical point of view: the position or angle from which the camera or a particular narrator or character observes an event or a scene Mental point of view: the perspective taken by a particular narrator or character in a story in seeing and hearing an even or scene, reflecting on an idea, creating a relationship between two or more things, or remembering events or dreams Beyond camera or the characters
Omniscient POV Definition: camera has complete or unlimited perception of what the cinematographer chooses for it to see (most common), however, it does not mean it has to show everything, editing always leaves out aspects of the story and plot
Subjective or Restricted POV Definition: perceptual, subjective point of view of an individual character. (1) Direct POV: character is in the frame and we see what he or she sees (2) Indirect POV: like Direct POV, but is a result at least two consecutive shots achieved by such editing techniques as eyeline-match cut. (3) Interior Monologue