ARE WE READY FOR BIBFRAME? THE FUTURE OF THE NEW MODEL IN THE ARAB REGION P R E S E N T E D B Y R A N I A O S M A N, M L I S - U C L H E A D O F K N O W L E D G E M A N A G E M E N T & O R G A N I Z A T I O N U N I T B I B L I O T H E C A A L E X A N D R I N A S E P T E M B E R, 2 0 1 5
BACKGROUND "Cataloguing is one of the oldest information organization activities and has a history that is over 2000 years old. However, the history of modernday approaches to cataloguing by using standard principles and practices is only a few hundred years old, and the most recent development took place only over the past few years (G. Chowdhury and Sudatta Chowdhury 29).
Introduction
MARC 21 The MARC standard for exchanging data has been used by libraries for more than 30 years. In the early 60s, the library of Congress developed the first machine-readable cataloging project and they called the product (MARC), then the British library collaborated with the library of Congress and they work on developing the project and as a result MARC was born. The standard was created at the beginning to serve as the basis for the presentation and exchange of bibliographic data
Limitations of MARC 21 The main problem with MARC is that the cataloguing community is closely tied to MARC tags and MARC was always mixed up with cataloguing descriptive rules, therefore it ended up a as a carrier and descriptive schema.
Limitations of MARC 21 (contd.) MARC is used exclusively by libraries which keep the library community isolated from the other communities and people cannot log to our data. Moreover, every statement in MARC depends mainly on the entire record for context and meaning as none of the statement of MARC record including the fields and subfields can stand alone
Resource Description & Access (RDA)
RDA Development Year Progress 2005 AACR3 developed to be RDA 2006-2007 The Joint Steering committee reviews the first draft of RDA 2009 FRBR 22 nd June 2010 Public Release to RDA 1 st July 2010 Dec. 2010 Trainings and Testing Phase Jan. March Analysis and Evaluation of the Implementation Tests June 2011 RDA announcement and Decision to postpone implementation to 2013 31 st March 2013, RDA Day one official implementation in the Library of Congress (LC) 2013-2015 RDA Updates Continued
RDA Challenges RDA is expensive to be implemented and require difficult trainings that would make it so hard for many Arab libraries to adopt it to their collection. FRBR remains a theoretical notation of the bibliographic universe that is still a theoretical that is still neither concrete nor available.
Interest of RDA in the Arab Region Year Progress 1 April 2013 1 st Conference on RDA in the Arab region organized by Cybrarian Arab National Libraries start adopting RDA 2013 2014 June 2013, Lebanese National Library start implementation February 2014, Qatar National Library started cataloguing using RDA AUC and Library of Congress office in Egypt More RDA Workshops in the Arab region 2014 March 2014, workshop organized by (AFLI) in Qatar, Doha August 2014, round table organized by Library experts in Alexandria Library, Egypt 2014 2015 More Arab Libraries adopting RDA in United Arab Emirates and Iraq (Atabah Library) April 2015 Workshop on RDA in Cairo University, Egypt
Limitations of MARC for RDA Difficult to represent relationships
Moving Away from MARC 21 Most [testers] felt any benefits of RDA would be largely unrealized in a MARC environment. MARC may hinder the separation of elements and ability to use URIs in a linked data environment. U.S. National Libraries RDA Test Report, p. 8. http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/source/rdatesting-finalreport-20june2011.pdf MARC has served us well for a long time and got us into the computer age, now we need something to move us, our data and our culture into the web page Both QNL (Qatar National Library) & (LNL) Lebanese National Library were the first national libraries adopted RDA, suggested to move away from MARC
Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME)
How Can We Get Involved? Technologies Semantic Web Linked Data
Semantic Web The Semantic Web is a Web of data Vision of The Semantic Web Extends principles of the Web from documents to data. Provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. W3C Semantic Web FAQ: http://www.w3.org/rdf/faq
Semantic Web & CATALOGUING For describing the content and content relationships available at a particular Web site, page, or digital library
Advantages of Linked Data Tim Berners-Lee, Design Issues: Linked Data http://www.w3.org/designissues/linkeddata
Resource Description Framework (RDF) A data model for describing things RDF Model Subject Predicate Object A subject, predicate, and object, which correspond to a resource (subject), a property (predicate), and a property value (object)
BIBFRAME MODEL
Difficulties with BIBFRAME in the Arab region The lists of terms that are associated with the BIBFRAME categories need to be translated into equivalent Arabic terms
Arab Interest in New Standards RDA Events BIBFRAME Events Year Event 1 April 2013 2013 2014 2014 2014 2015 1 st Conference on RDA in the Arab region organized by Cybrarian Arab National Libraries start adopting RDA June 2013, Lebanese National Library start implementation February 2014, Qatar National Library started cataloguing using RDA AUC and Library of Congress office in Egypt More RDA Workshops in the Arab region March 2014, workshop organized by (AFLI) in Qatar, Doha August 2014, round table organized by Library experts in Alexandria Library, Egypt More Arab Libraries adopting RDA in United Arab Emirates and Iraq (Atabah Library) Oct. 2014 Dec. 2014 Year Event Workshop on BIBFRME in the Arab region organized by (AFLI) in Tunisia Workshop on BIBFRAME in Cairo University, Egypt In Sep. 2015, the 1 st conference on BIBFRAME organized by Cybrarians April 2015 Workshop on RDA in Cairo University, Egypt
Implementation Fears Things that concern most about BIBFRAME implementation are: ILS Issues Where to Start? Catalogs interface Language Barrier Small Libraries and small budgets Trainings Costs Librarians fear this change
Libraries Registered for BIBFRAME Test Year Organization's Name 2014 Library of Congress Colorado College German National Library George Washington University Princeton University Library Stanford University National Library of Music Cornell University Library Columbia University Libraries Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí (BNJM) 2015 University College London Department of Information Studies University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library 26 th March 2015, Library of Alexandria was added to register as the 1 st Arab Library to join the Experiment
MARC Record
BIBFRAME
Recommendation Providing special programs introducing the new standards (RDA and BIBFRAME) at the library schools Consultancy group consisting of Arab professional catalogers and system librarians (The group could work under the umbrella of a professional association like AFLI (Arab Federation for Libraries and Information) or MELA (Middle East Library Association) More libraries should register in the implementation Translating the new vocabularies into Arabic
Next Steps for You? ILS Issues backend and public displays Trainings needs Develop training materials depending on trusted sources learn all about the new model then put it to the test Do not wait! Within your institution or across a cooperative, Cooperate! Decide upon your library status: Are you ready to adopt (or not adopt!)
Implementation Requirements In The Arab Region users Catalogues librarians System librarians Integrated Library System
FUTURE
Future of Cataloguing Community Technical services budgets and staffing are declining. The new cataloguing instructions and standards like (BIBFRAME, RDA, and FRBR) are not simpler and do not promise greater cataloguing efficiencies.
Conclusion All what the catalogers should worry about in the time being Weis would mapping like not MARCC to be closely 21 to tied BIBFRAME to any other regardless scheme. Catalogers are seeing RDA and they do not have to worry with of what s the descriptive happening with tool BIBFRAME. that is used and the impact on All what the catalogers the should user interface. worry about in the time being is mapping MARC 21 to BIBFRAME regardless of the descriptive tool that is used and the impact on the user interface.
Useful Resources on BIBFRAME Homepage: http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/ Demos, vocabularies, and code: http://bibframe.org/ Listserv: BIBFRAME@LISTSERV.LOC.GOV Presentations from ALA Midwinter, January 2013: http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/presentations/index.html Kroegar, Angela. "The road to BIBFRAME: The Evolution of the Idea of Bibliographic Transition into Post-MARC Future". Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly 51.8 (2013): 873-890. Web. 10 Aug. 2015. Nelson, Jeremy and Lorimer, Nancy. Experimenting with BIBFRAME: Reports from Early Adopters. NISO. 8 April. 2015. presentation. EL-Nasharty, Moamen. "The BIBFRAME Initiative in OPACs" AFLI Workshop. Hammamet, Tunisia 26-27 Oct. 2014. Workshop presentation.