The Oriental and Asian Collections of the Bavarian State Library
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1 The Oriental and Asian Collections of the Bavarian State Library Their history and management (cataloguing projects, digitization, conservation and public relations) Dr Helga Rebhan, Bavarian State Library (BSB), Munich
2 Founded in some figures 10.5 million volumes 894 employees Third-party funds: 6.4 million Acquisitions per year: 130,000 volumes Document delivery: 270, ,000 manuscripts Annual budget: 54.1 million 58,500 current periodicals 112 hours open per week books 20,000 incunabula 530,000 e-books 1.2 million digitized titles 116,000 printed of the 16th century
3 Founded in million volumes Acquisitions per year: 130,000 volumes 58,500 current periodicals 133,000 manuscripts 530,000 e-books 1.2 million digitized titles 20,000 incunabula 700 Terabyte
4 Oriental and Asian collections Reflect history of the institution as a universal library Mirror intellectual and political history - Renaissance, 16th c. - Establishment of respective chairs at universities, 19th c. - Age of globalization Important sources for academic research Nation s memory (inter)national heritage
5 Oriental and Asian collections Strong commitment To protect and preserve these special collections To provide access for research and the public (by cataloguing, digitization, public relations activities) Nation s memory (Inter)national heritage
6 .. some figures Oriental and Asian collections
7 The Oriental and Asian special collections 18,700 manuscripts - 11,800 in Asian languages - 6,900 in Oriental languages 600,000 printed volumes in vernacular languages
8 Asian printed items Language Number of printed items Chinese 233,000 Japanese 81,000 Korean 5,700 Mongolian 3,400 Tibetan 13,500 Indian languages 27,000
9 Asian manuscripts Language Number of manuscripts Chinese 3,200 Japanese 94 Korean 75 Mongolian 483 Tibetan 1,710 Indian languages 2,650 South East Asian 4,107
10 Oriental printed books Language Number of printed books Arabic 93,000 Persian 17,600 Turkish 48,500 Hebrew and Yiddish 38,000 Armenian 3,500 Georgian 2,500
11 Oriental manuscripts Language Number of manuscripts Arabic 3,150 Persian 600 Turkish 770 Hebrew and Yiddish 700 Armenian 30 Zend (middle Persian) 111
12 Important items and funds
13 3 Dunhuang scrolls Important items and funds
14 Important items and funds The Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Japan, BSB: Cod.jap. 20
15 Important items and funds Buddhist print, Japan 8th c., Sanskrit in Chinese script, BSB: L.jap. C 591
16 Important items and funds Print from the Thunder Peak Pagoda, Hangzhou 975 BSB: Res/L.sin. C 590
17 Important items and funds Daoist concertina China, 1431 BSB: Cod.sin. 136
18 Several Imperial Documents S everal Imperial document s China, BSB: Cod.sin. 212 Important items and funds
19 The sixteen Luohan, China, , BSB: Cod.sin. 125 Important items and funds
20 Genji Monogatari, Japan, ca fascicles, BSB: Cod.jap. 18 Important items and funds
21 Genji kokagami, Japan, 17th c. (Short version of Genji monogatari) BSB: Cod.jap. 13 Important items and funds
22 Special funds Yao, Shan Shan manuscripts from Northern Myanmar Important items and funds
23 Special funds Yao manuscripts, 2700 items
24 Kammavācās: Ordination manuscripts Ivory Kammavācā, Myanmar Kammavācā Thailand Kammavācā, Myanmar Special funds
25 Gilded Kammavaca Special funds: Myanmar Gold-leaf, North Eastern Myanmar, 15th c., Pali in Northern Thai script BSB: Cod.birm. 632
26 Royal Plough Ceremony, Myanmar, late 19th c. BSB: Cod.birm. 285 Special funds: Myanmar
27 Collection of poetry, Thailand, BSB: Cod.siam. 98 Important items and funds
28 Important items and funds Red thumbprint of the 5th Dalai Lama Secret Autobiography of the 5th Dalai, Lhasa, ca BSB: Cod.tibet. 500
29 Secret autobiography of the 5th Dalai Mongolia, 19th c. BSB: Cod.tibet. 900 Important items and funds
30 Two bundles of illustrated Tibetan manuscripts from Mongolia (very rare) Important items and funds
31 Very rare musical notes for Tibetan monks, Mongolia, ca 1900 BSB: Cod.tibet. 838 Important items and funds
32 Important items and funds Cod.tibet. 114 More than 100 Tibetan bookcovers painted, carved and gilded
33 Important items and funds Cod.tibet. 784 Cod.tibet. 1005
34 Palm leaf engravings, India, Orissa, Oriya, 18th c., BSB: Cod.Oriya 88 Important items and funds
35 662 mss in Sanskrit Special funds
36 Special funds Palmleaf manuscripts from Sri Lanka, South East Asia
37 Special funds Palmleaf manuscripts from Sri Lanka, decorated with gold covers and gems
38 Important items and funds Focus on Buddhist works in Asian languages
39 Special funds Qisha-Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 251 Tripitaka Koreana. BSB 4 L.cor. C 2 Hongwu-Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 358 Yongle-Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 359 Jiaxing-Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 356 Qianlong-Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 354 Pinija-Tripitaka. BSB L.sin. C 695 Taishō-Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 125 Tangut Tripitaka. BSB 4 L.sin. C 267 Manchurian Kanjur. BSB 4 L.sin. C 361 Dazangjing, originals and reprints
40 Special funds Kanjur (Microfilm 6700 Fiches: BSB F.L.tibet. 9 Kanjur from Western Tibet. BSB F.L. tibet. 8 Kanjur from Ladakh. BSB 2 L.tibet. 1b Tripitaka, Beijing edition. BSB 4 L.tibet. 6 Narthang Kanjur. BSB 4 L.tibet Narthang Tanjur. BSB 2 L.tibet. 53 y Kanjur from Eastern Tibet. BSB. 2 L.tibet. 50 Derge Tanjur. BSB 2 L.tibet. 50 a Derge Kanjur. BSB 2 L.tibet. 1 a Ganden Tanjur. BSB L.tibet Lhasa Kanjur. BSB 2 L.tibet. 1 Kanjur and Tanjur
41 Mongolian Tripitaka in 400 volumes
42 Special funds Hebrew collection: the most important one in Germany
43 The only preserved manuscript of the Babylonian Talmud, France 1342
44 ca 200 Koran manuscripts Special funds
45 Koran of a Timurid prince, ca 1430
46 Koran, Iran, 1714
47 Koran from China, 18th c.?
48 Special funds Magnificent Persian mss with miniatures
49 Famous illustrated Arabic manuscripts Special funds
50 Turkish manuscripts: 700 Special funds
51 Wood inscriptions from Ancient Yemen Special funds
52 Special funds The first print of the New Testament in Syriac, Vienna BSB: Rar. 155 Hebrew incunabula, Rome, BSB: Res/4 A.hebr. 210
53 Special funds One of the first Armenian prints Venice, BSB: Rar The first Arabic print Fano, Venice, 1514
54 Special funds All 17 imprints from the Müteferrika Press in Istanbul, 1729 ff. Lithography of the Persian Book of Kings Tehran 1850
55 Organization of the department or how to manage literature in so many languages Six area specialists - Hebrew, Yiddish, Ancient Orient - Arabic and Islamic Studies - Persian, Turkish and Turkic - Armenian, Georgian, Semitic Languages - South and Central Asia - East Asia
56 The department is in charge of the acquisition of monographs and periodicals, cataloguing and professional information services as well as for public relations with regard to the Oriental and Asian collections The Oriental and Asian manuscripts and rare prints are kept in the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books but the special area librarians in my dpt. are in charge of new acquistions, correspondance with universities, public relations like exhibitions and digitization projects The head of this special department is in charge of the Oriental and Asian collections of manuscripts and rare prints in the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Prints
57 History of the collections mirrors political and intellectual history - Renaissance (Fugger and Widmanstetter) - Establishing of relevant chairs in the 19th century - Globalization History of the collections
58 History of the collections Renaissance Foundation of the library in 1558 His library was the foundation stock of the Munich Court Library Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter Orientalist and diplomat ( ) 200 Oriental manuscripts Many imprints in Oriental languages Hebrew: 134 Arabic ca 50
59 Renaissance Purchase of his library in 1571 Ca 95 Hebrew and other Oriental manuscripts Many prints in Oriental languages Johann Jakob Fugger, Merchant and Bibliophile History of the collections
60 Chinese Collection 17th/18th century Bavarian rulers: support of Jesuit missionaries Chinese books came into the possession of the Bavarian court as gifts from missionaries Johann Adam Schall von Bell Earliest Chinese book list dating 1618 History of the collections -
61 Secularization Polling Monastery Acquisitions of the 19th c. Koran of the Confessor of Louis XIV. 白文詠. 國風 History of the collections
62 Arabic-Malay Genesis Batavia, Acquisitions of the 19th c. Mannheim Court Library 1803/04 Hong Piao History of the collections
63 Chinese Collection 19th/20th century: Karl Friedrich Neumann, Guangzhou 1830/31: 3,500 vol. Onorato Martucci's collection, purchased in 1851: 2,700 vol. Etienne Quatremère s library, purchased in 1858: 2,000 Chinese and Manchurian works K.F. Neumann Georg Reismüller, purchasing journey in 1929: 18,500 vol. History of the collections
64 Acquisitions of the 19th c. Karl Halm, History of the collections Marc-Étienne Quatremère,
65 Acquisitions of the 19th c. Quatremère s library: - 1,500 manuscripts: --1,250 Oriental manuscripts - 50,000 printed books --20,000 auctioned off as duplicates --30,000 came to Munich - Quatremère s archive 1,250 Oriental manuscripts - Islamic manuscripts -- Arabic mss Persian mss Turkish mss Syriac, Armenian etc. -- Chinese, Manchurian and Mongolian imprints: ,000 (gold) francs History of the collections
66 Financing Quatremère s library 340,000 gold francs Acquisitions of the 19th c. Auctioning off duplicates, mostly from the expansion by the secularisation and the Mannheim Court Library First auction of four in Paris November 1858 Auction in Augsburg by Fidelis Butsch - May 1858 History of the collections
67 Collecting in the era of globalization Due a consistent acquisition policy during the last 50 years the number of the Oriental items has more than doubled since the 1970ies while the funds of Asian manuscripts has quadruplicated. In 1973 the number of Asian and Oriental manuscripts has totalled in 4,500 items while the present number shifts to 18,700 objects. We select new acquisitions on the basis of scholarly and artistic importance. History of the collections
68 Collecting in the era of globalization Manuscripts from Sri Lanka, Burma and Thailand Valuable Chinese manuscripts Collection of Tibetan bookcovers Precious Japanese manuscripts Manuscripts from Indonesia and South India Manuscripts of the Yao Mongolian manuscripts History of the collections
69 Funding new acquistions By library s annual budget By third-party funds Donations and gifts of artefacts Friends of the Library Inheritance
70 Cataloguing projects
71 Manuscript catalogues of the 19th centuries, accessible via OPAC as PDFs Union Catalogue of Oriental Manuscripts in Germany (KOHD) Conversion of the old libraries card catalogues into the electronic union catalogue Oriental and Asian holdings can be searched via our OPAC as well as in the WorldCat Cataloguing
72 Cataloguing projects Union Catalogue of Oriental Manuscripts Since 1957 for manuscripts and rare prints in Oriental and Asian languages, ca 200 vols to be continued until 2022 Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland: Chinese and Manchurian Manuscripts and Rare Prints, 2014
73 Project Magnificent bookcovers Creating new cataloguing standards and digitization High-Resolution 3D-Videomicroscopy Up to 5.000x optical magnification
74 Digitization ca. 2 million digital books online More than 300,000,000 pages 2,500 PDF-downloads per day, Terabyte
75 Technical Service Provider - Server and storage hosting Digital Long-Term Preservation 250 Virtual Servers of MDZ Digital archive: 700 Terabyte 75
76 Our scanner-fleet 27 devices at high resolution bookscanners scanrobots IR-Scanner digital cameras 3-D-Stripe-Lightscanner 3-D- Laserscanner
77 Some samples
78 Funding - On the library s expenses - DoD Digitization on Demand - Third-party funds - European Union - German Research Foundation Digitization
79 Cataloguing and full text digitization of Chinese books and manuscripts ( ) Digitization
80 Digitization Full text digitization of Chinese books and manuscripts ( ) financial support by German Research Foundation (DFG) volumes 册 dating from the 17th century and earlier re-catalogued and fully digitized 1.1 million digital images
81 Digitization Including: approx. 20 Song and Yuan dynasty printings more than 100 Ming dynasty printings several thousand printed volumes from the Qing dynasty printings of Western missionaries in China 90 scrolls and sutra bindings (incl. 3 scrolls from Dunhuang)
82 Digitization First step: Restoration Institute for Conservation and Restoration (IBR) of the Bavarian State Library
83 Digitization Second step: Digitization Munich Digitization Center Scan process Quality control of every single image Capturing of structural metadata (table of contents)
84 Digitization Use of various digitization techniques, depending on size and material
85 Digitisation Digitization Using a scan robot
86 Digitisation Digitization
87 Digitization Ownership seals Example for table of contents useful for navigation
88 Long-term preservation Cooperation with the Leibniz Computing Center (LRZ, Munich): organisational and technical infrastructure for long-term archiving since 2004 Digital archiving software Rosetta Digital Preservation System from ExLibris Efficient and largely automated ingest and archiving of data as well as access to the data
89 Free of charge web access through: Digital Collections and Online Catalogue of the Bavarian State Library Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog WorldCat Europeana World Digital Library Union Catalog of Chinese Rare Books Virtual libraries (CrossAsia) Search engines (Google etc.) Mobile apps Famous Books, Oriental treasures IIIF Digitization
90 Mobile app Oriental Treasures 20 magnificent Islamic manuscripts
91 Cultural Platform bavarikon
92 50th 3D model now online in bavarikon 07/05/2017 Art and culture in the 3D format: Since 2013, bavarikon has presented selected exhibits from Bavarian collections in the form of three-dimensional digital copies, thus constituting Germany's first regional portal to offer photo-realistic 3D models interactively on the Internet. Now, a new milestone has been reached. The 50th 3D model has been put online in bavarikon. Sacramentary of Henry II in 3D BSB/ Clm 4456 Philipp Apian: Terrestrial globe in 3D BSB/ Cod.icon. 129 The 3D digitization for the cultural portal bavarikon is carried out at the Munich Digitization Center (MDZ) of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. The specially set up 3D digitization department has the mission to offer an interdisciplinary 3D digitization service for all cultural institutions in Bavaria. The service can be used provided that the expert board of advisers of bavarikon has assessed the object with regard to content, the digitization is technically feasible and the institution is prepared to present the object publicly in bavarikon. 3D models of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek: Philipp Apian: Terrestrial globe BSB Cod.icon. 129 Heinrich Arboreus: Celestial globe BSB Cod.icon. 186 Sacramentary of Henry II BSB Clm 4456 Tibetan book cover
93 Tibetan bookcover in 3D
94 Conservation: Preservation and Restoration
95 Institute for Conservation and Restoration Set up in 1963 Remedial Conservation Preservation Art Technology 95
96 Institute for Conservation and Restoration Responsible for preventive conservation, remedial conservation and preservation at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and other libraries in Bavaria Supplies the collections with suitable covers and monitors the climatic conditions in the magazines Organizes digitization projects together with the collections and is an innovator in the field of analyses of art technology and material science Training of book and paper restorers together with the Technische Universität München, Chair for Restoration, Art Technology and Conservation Sciences Responsible for the repairs of books between 1850 and currently 2007, in their own workshops or via service providers Responsible for the repairs of books between 1850 and currently 2007, in their workshops or via service providers Take care of the exhibitions of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and supervise the loans in external exhibitions Participates in national and international specialist committees
97 Preventive Conservation 1. Control of environment 2. Boxes, file covers and other enclosures, made from cellulosic materials, for storage of paper and parchment documents 3. Training for users 4. Book cradles 5. Digitization Conservation: Preservation and Restoration
98 Preventive Conservation Boxes for file covers with valuable documents: Procuced in various models and sizes Material an construction conforming to international standards
99 Preventive Conservation Custom-made boxes for books Box made of permanent paperboard Only natural adhesives Usually corrugated card board, solid board would be prefered
100 Restoration: Keeping as close as possible to the original New material only if necessary, securing of original material! Paper restoration - Stabilizing, mending of tears - Removal of mold - Ink and copper corrosion - Leaf casting only if necessary Bindings - Minimal intervention, stabilizing - Restoration of sewing supports, resewing (partial or complete) - Leather: minimal intervention (partial or complete rebacking) Conservation: Preservation and Restoration
101 Conservation strategy for minimal intervention Minimal alterations of the appearance of ink and paper Application in the bound codex Application also for media sensitive to water or other solvents
102 Iron gall ink or copper acetate damage: Conservation status quo - chemical stabilization IBR Strategy based on experience, evidence, and chemical science: Heat-set Munich Tissue ACRYLATE coated HQ Japanese paper, GOSSAMER TISSUE 2g/m 2 Heat-set, no MOISTURE - no risk of MIGRATION of acids or metal ions High TRANSPARENCY barely visible by the naked eye No MOISTURE no risk of TENSIONS also on bigger size areas, no cockling or new cracks
103 Manufacturing of the Munich Tissue in the IBR The Gossamer Tissue is laid on a teflon-coated metal plate and fixied with a blend of ethanol (50:50)
104 104 Spray coating of the tissue - Drying in an oven at 70 C - Cooling down - Pulling off the coated tissue - Thickness of 0.03 mm
105 Cultural Foundation of the German Federal States Coordination Office for the Preservation of the Written Cultural Heritage
106 Conservation of copper acetate corroded papers by heatset tissue in a Schāhnāme codex (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod.pers. 15)
107 Conservation of copper acetate corroded papers by heatset tissue in a Schāhnāme codex (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod.pers. 15)
108 Conservation of copper acetate corroded papers by heatset tissue in a Schāhnāme codex (München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod.pers. 15)
109 Conservation and Digitization Risk factors of reproduction techniques: 1. Radiation (light, heat) and environment 2. Mechanical damages Conservators attend and supervise the digitization process from beginning to the end to prevend damages
110 Conservation and Digitization Book cradles support the adjustment of the optimal opening angle during the ditization process
111 Conservation and Digitization Handling: no glassplate
112 Conservation and Digitization Home-built cradles and the Munich finger
113 Conservation and Digitization Not easy to digitize Distortions of paper Rigid pages Opening angle smaller than 180 degree
114 Conservation and Digitization Mechanical Damages by to wide opening angles Opening angle of 120 back stretched, but o.k. Opening angle of 180 Back extremly stretched and damaged
115 Conservation and Digitization Digitization at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek The scanner has to be adapted to the book, its mechanics and materials Not vice versa! Adaption of the book as historic object with its materiality and mechanics to the scanning devices
116 Exhibitions Seminars Publications Public relations
117 Exhibitions Since 1910 more than 30 exhibitions on the Oriental and Asian collections or parts of them Participation in a number of large-scale exhibitions on cimelia of the Bavarian State Library
118 Important large-scale exhibitions Das Buch im Orient , encompassing 255 exhibits Die Worte des Buddha in den Sprachen der Welt = The Words of the Buddha in the Languages of the world, 2005, 152 items Die Wunder der Schöpfung = The Wonders of Creation, 2010, encompassing 80 exhibits
119 The Words of the Buddha The Wonders of Creation
120 Celebratory exhibitions Exhibition on the foundation stock including Widmanstetter s books Exhibition on Asian manuscripts
121 Exhibitons on special funds Magnificant Korans of 1000 years, 1998 Messages to Gods, manuscripts of the Yao
122 Several smaller exhibitions on topics related to East Asia: Calligraphic Japanese works, 1988 Exhibition on Sun Yat-sen, 1992 Everyday life in Japan, 1995
123 Exhibitions on the occassion of International conferences International Conference of the European Association of Middle East Librarians, 2004 Congress of the International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament, 2013
124 International Conference: Writing Semitic, 2014
125 Dr Dan Shaham, Consul General, Israel) Horst Seehofer, Bavarian Prime Minister Dr Klaus Ceynowa, Director General, BSB On the occassion Fifty years of German-Israeli relations
126 Presentations for VIPs Visit of HH The Dalai Lama, 1982 Visit of HRH Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, 2009 (Thai Princess)
127 Open day Long night of Museums
128 Publications
129 International Cooperations Orient and Asia National Central Library, Taiwan Hongkong Public Libraries Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province, VR China National Library & and Archives Organization of Iran Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, USA National Library of Israel
130 Thank you for your attention!
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