General Editors: Cedric C. Brown, Emeritus Professor, University of Reading; Andrew Hadfield, Professor of English, University of Sussex, Brighton

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1 Early Modern Literature in History General Editors: Cedric C. Brown, Emeritus Professor, University of Reading; Andrew Hadfield, Professor of English, University of Sussex, Brighton International Advisory Board: Sharon Achinstein, University of Oxford; Jean Howard, Columbia University; John Kerrigan, University of Cambridge; Katie Larson, University of Toronto; Richard McCoy, CUNY; Michelle O Callaghan, University of Reading; Cathy Shrank, University of Sheffield; Adam Smyth, University of London; Steven Zwicker, Washington University, St Louis. Within the period this series discusses many kinds of writing, both within and outside the established canon. The volumes may employ different theoretical perspectives, but they share a historical awareness and an interest in seeing their texts in lively negotiation with their own and successive cultures. Titles include: Robyn Adams and Rosanna Cox DIPLOMACY AND EARLY MODERN CULTURE John M. Adrian LOCAL NEGOTIATIONS OF ENGLISH NATIONHOOD, Bruce Danner EDMUND SPENSER S WAR ON LORD BURGHLEY James Daybell THE MATERIAL LETTER IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND Manuscript Letters and the Culture and Practices of Letter-Writing, James Daybell and Peter Hinds (editors) MATERIAL READINGS OF EARLY MODERN CULTURE Texts and Social Practices, Eleanor Decamp CIVIC AND MEDICAL WORLDS IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND Performing Barbery and Surgery Tania Demetriou and Rowan Tomlinson (editors) THE CULTURE OF TRANSLATION IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND FRANCE, Derek Dunne SHAKESPEARE, REVENGE TRAGEDY AND EARLY MODERN LAW Vindictive Justice Maria Franziska Fahey METAPHOR AND SHAKESPEAREAN DRAMA Unchaste Signification Andrew Gordon WRITING EARLY MODERN LONDON Memory, Text and Community Jane Grogan THE PERSIAN EMPIRE IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE WRITING, Johanna Harris and Elizabeth Scott-Baumann (editors) THE INTELLECTUAL CULTURE OF PURITAN WOMEN, Katherine Heavey THE EARLY MODERN MEDEA

2 Claire Jowitt (editor) PIRATES? THE POLITICS OF PLUNDER, James Knowles POLITICS AND POLITICAL CULTURE IN THE COURT MASQUE Katherine R. Larson EARLY MODERN WOMEN IN CONVERSATION Monica Matei-Chesnoiu RE-IMAGINING WESTERN EUROPEAN GEOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE DRAMA David McInnis MIND-TRAVELLING AND VOYAGE DRAMA IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND David McInnis and Matthew Steggle (editors) LOST PLAYS IN SHAKESPEARE S ENGLAND Patricia Pender EARLY MODERN WOMAN S WRITING AND THE RHETORIC OF MODESTY Patricia Pender and Rosalind Smith (editors) MATERIAL CULTURES OF EARLY MODERN WOMEN S WRITING Jane Pettegree FOREIGN AND NATIVE ON THE ENGLISH STAGE, Metaphor and National Identity Eoin Price PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PLAYHOUSES IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND The Politics of Publication Fred Schurink (editor) TUDOR TRANSLATION Natasha Simonova EARLY MODERN AUTHORSHIP AND PROSE CONTINUATIONS Paul D. Stegner CONFESSION AND MEMORY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE Penitential Remains Adrian Streete (editor) EARLY MODERN DRAMA AND THE BIBLE Contexts and Readings, Mary Trull PERFORMING PRIVACY AND GENDER IN EARLY MODERN LITERATURE Early Modern Literature in History Series Standing Order ISBN (Hardback) (Paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

3 Civic and Medical Worlds in Early Modern England Performing Barbery and Surgery Eleanor Decamp

4 CIVIC AND MEDICAL WORLDS IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND: PERFORMING BARBERY AND SURGERY Copyright Eleanor Decamp, 2016 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN E-PDF ISBN: DOI: / Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Decamp, Eleanor Sian, 1984 Title: Civic and medical worlds in early modern England : performing barbery and surgery / Eleanor Decamp. Description: Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York : Palgrave Macmillan, Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN Subjects: LCSH: English literature Early modern, History and criticism. Human body in literature. Barbers in literature. Surgery in literature. Literature and medicine England History 17th century. Literature and medicine England History 16th century. Barbers England History. Surgery England History. Medicine in literature. Classification: LCC PR428.B63 D DDC 820.9/3561 dc23 LC record available at A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India.

5 For my parents, Sian and Rob

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7 Contents List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements Abbreviations and Conventions viii ix x Name Introduction: Naming of Parts 3 Prop 1 Settinge up a shoppe : Inventories and Props 29 Performance 2 Lend me thy basin, apron and razor : Disguise, (Mis)Appropriation, and Play 61 Sign 3 Semiotics of Barber-Surgery in Shakespeare: Chair and Basin 99 Sound 4 And pleasant harmonie shall sound in your eares : Ballads, Music and Groans, Snip-snaps, Fiddlesticks, Ear-picks, and Wax 135 Voice 5 An unnecessary flood of words? 165 Epilogue 201 Notes 203 Bibliography 244 Index 267 vii

8 List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Tonstrina, Johann Comenius, Orbis Sensualium Pictus (1659), pp Tables I.1 Definition of terms Text of the barber s necessaries, John Woodall, The Surgeons Mate (1617; 1639/55) 31 viii

9 Acknowledgements My heartfelt thanks to Laurie Maguire for her generous guidance and unfailing support. My thanks to the trustees and secretary of The Schools Competition Act Settlement Trust (SCAST) for funding my doctorate and for always showing their interest in this project. My thanks to Pembroke College, Oxford, for the Browning Scholarship. My great thanks to my tireless publishers, especially to Tomas René and Benjamin Doyle for their patience. My thanks to The Worshipful Company of Barbers and my special thanks to Joy Thomas, previously archivist at Barbers Hall, for her terrific help and humour. My thanks to Simon Ware, curator at the Mary Rose Trust, for his consideration and thoroughness. My thanks to the Bodleian and English Faculty staff at Oxford, to assistants at the National Archives and Wellcome Collections, and the Shakespeare Centre Library and Archive. Finally, my tender thanks to my dear family (to my mother especially for her energy and eagle-eyes) at the Corner House and Cottage my heart is full; and to my much-loved colleagues, collaborators and friends, all of whom have shared their ideas, disguised their squeamishness, and cheered me on my way. Thou thought st to help me ; I am profoundly grateful. ix

10 Abbreviations and Conventions The usual abbreviations are used for journals, e.g. MLR = Modern Language Review, ELH = Journal of English Literary History, RES = Review of English Studies, N&Q = Notes and Queries. Barbers Archive The Archives of the Worshipful Company of Barbers, Monkwell Square, London Comedies and Tragedies Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Comedies and Tragedies (London: 1647) the Company The Worshipful Company of Barbers and Surgeons of London, established in 1540 by an Act of Parliament. See Introduction for further clarification of the standard terms I apply in this book for barber, surgeon, barber-surgeon, etc. Collected Works Thomas Middleton, The Collected Works, ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007) Complete Works William Shakespeare, The Complete Works, ed. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998) Court Minutes Minutes of the Court of Assistants [of The Company] dir. directed [by] DNB [Oxford] Dictionary of National Biography Dramatic Works Francis Beaumont, and John Fletcher, The Dramatic Works in the Beaumont and Fletcher Canon, ed. Fredson Bowers, 10 vols (Cambridge: CUP, ) edn(s) edition(s) esp. especially FN footnote fo. folio number MLA Modern Language Association MR Mary Rose [used in catalogue references] MS Manuscript OED The Oxford English Dictionary x

11 Abbreviations and Conventions xi REED RSC s.d. Records of Early English Drama Royal Shakespeare Company stage direction Shakespeare Centre The Shakespeare Centre Library, Stratford-upon-Avon sig. signature number [E]STC [English] Short Title Catalogue t.p. title page TTN The Trimming of Thomas Nashe (1597) [used only in chapter five] I retain the choices (and inconsistencies) of the spelling and punctuation marks of the early modern primary texts, including ampersands, with the following exceptions: diacritical marks from early modern type-set conventions are removed; abbreviations are resolved in closed brackets; u and v, and f and s are distinguished, as is j from i ; capitalized words are made lower-case except in speech prefixes; titles of works are given modern spellings in the main text but retain their early modern spelling in referencing, and capitalized first letters are used in accordance with modern titling conventions; The is elided from main text referencing to plays titles. Unless otherwise indicated, quotations from Shakespeare (including collaborative works) are taken from Complete Works with the exception of Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Sir Thomas More, Titus Andronicus, and Troilus and Cressida which are taken from the Arden editions (because I consider these plays at greater length and interact with editorial gloss) referenced in the bibliography. Unless otherwise indicated, quotations from Middleton (and his collaborators) are taken from Collected Works; quotations from Webster are taken from John Webster, Three Plays, ed. D. C. Gunby (London: Penguin, 1972); quotations from Fletcher (and his collaborators) are taken from Comedies and Tragedies apart from Monsieur Thomas (1639), which was not included in the 1647 Folio. Signature and folio numbers from plays printed pre-1700 are first given in footnotes and thereafter included parenthetically in the main text, similarly for ballads stanza and line references. Page numbers from lengthy works are preferred if given; errors on the original pagination are signalled where appropriate. Dates of early modern publications are taken from EEBO and compared with the British Library s ESTC and the English Broadside Ballad Archive (EBBA). The place of publication of books pre-1730 is London unless otherwise indicated. The fair copies of most of The Company s constitutional documents are on eight large skins of parchment, mounted at Barber-Surgeon s Hall, and inaccessible to researchers. References to The Company s law-making are therefore taken from their Charter, Act and Ordinance Book (A/6/1, Folio), begun in 1604 for The Company s daily reference, and with only slight alterations

12 xii Abbreviations and Conventions from the constitutional documents. Whereas on the parchment the clauses of the 1606 Ordinances are numbered 45/46, in the Book they are number 38/39. This is due to certain clauses being amalgamated in the copy book. The 1566 Ordinances are only recorded in Court Minutes ( ), B/1/2. NB 1566 rules precede the copy of the 1566 Ordinances. I am grateful to The Company for granting me permission to quote from their manuscripts. All references to wills and inventories are taken from manuscripts held at The National Archives, Kew, London. I am grateful to The National Archives for granting me permission to quote from their manuscripts. Copyright for Figure 1.1 was obtained from the British Library.