General Editors: Cedric C. Brown, Emeritus Professor, University of Reading; Andrew Hadfield, Professor of English, University of Sussex, Brighton

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1 Early Modern Literature in History General Editors: Cedric C. Brown, Emeritus Professor, University of Reading; Andrew Hadfield, Professor of English, University of Sussex, Brighton International Advisory Board: Sharon Achinstein, University of Oxford; Jean Howard, Columbia University; John Kerrigan, University of Cambridge; Katie Larson, University of Toronto; Richard McCoy, CUNY; Michelle O Callaghan, University of Reading; Cathy Shrank, University of Sheffield; Adam Smyth, University of London; Steven Zwicker, Washington University, St Louis. Within the period this series discusses many kinds of writing, both within and outside the established canon. The volumes may employ different theoretical perspectives, but they share a historical awareness and an interest in seeing their texts in lively negotiation with their own and successive cultures. Titles include: John M. Adrian LOCAL NEGOTIATIONS OF ENGLISH NATIONHOOD, Robyn Adams and Rosanna Cox DIPLOMACY AND EARLY MODERN CULTURE Jocelyn Catty WRITING RAPE, WRITING WOMEN IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND Unbridled Speech Bruce Danner EDMUND SPENSER S WAR ON LORD BURGHLEY James Daybell and Peter Hinds (editors) MATERIAL READINGS OF EARLY MODERN CULTURE Texts and Social Practices, James Daybell THE MATERIAL LETTER IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND Manuscript Letters and the Culture and Practices of Letter-Writing, Maria Franziska Fahey METAPHOR AND SHAKESPEAREAN DRAMA Unchaste Signification Andrew Gordon WRITING EARLY MODERN LONDON Memory, Text and Community Kenneth J.E. Graham and Philip D. Collington (editors) SHAKESPEARE AND RELIGIOUS CHANGE Jane Grogan THE PERSIAN EMPIRE IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE WRITING, Johanna Harris and Elizabeth Scott-Baumann (editors) THE INTELLECTUAL CULTURE OF PURITAN WOMEN, Constance Jordan and Karen Cunningham (editors) THE LAW IN SHAKESPEARE Claire Jowitt (editor) PIRATES? THE POLITICS OF PLUNDER, Gregory Kneidel RETHINKING THE TURN TO RELIGION IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE

2 James Knowles POLITICS AND POLITICAL CULTURE IN THE COURT MASQUE Edel Lamb PERFORMING CHILDHOOD IN THE EARLY MODERN THEATRE The Children s Playing Companies ( ) Katherine R. Larson EARLY MODERN WOMEN IN CONVERSATION Monica Matei-Chesnoiu RE-IMAGINING WESTERN EUROPEAN GEOGRAPHY IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE DRAMA David McInnis MIND-TRAVELLING AND VOYAGE DRAMA IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND David McInnis and Matthew Steggle (editors) LOST PLAYS IN SHAKESPEARE S ENGLAND Scott L. Newstok QUOTING DEATH IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND The Poetics of Epitaphs Beyond the Tomb P. Pender EARLY MODERN WOMEN S WRITI NG AND THE RHETORIC OF MODESTY Jane Pettegree FOREIGN AND NATIVE ON THE ENGLISH STAGE, Metaphor and National Identity Fred Schurink (editor) TUDOR TRANSLATION Adrian Streete (editor) EARLY MODERN DRAMA AND THE BIBLE Contexts and Readings, Mary Trull PERFORMING PRIVACY AND GENDER IN EARLY MODERN LITERATURE The series Early Modern Literature in History is published in association with the Early Modern Research Centre at the University of Reading and The Centre for Early Modern Studies at the University of Sussex Early Modern Literature in History Series Standing Order ISBN (Hardback) (Paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

3 Lost Plays in Shakespeare s England Edited by David McInnis University of Melbourne, Australia and Matthew Steggle Sheffield Hallam University, UK

4 Selection, introduction and editorial matter David McInnis and Matthew Steggle 2014 Individual chapters Contributors 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lost plays in Shakespeare s England / edited by David McInnis, Lecturer, University of Melbourne, Australia ; Matthew Steggle, Professor, Sheffield Hallam University, UK. pages cm. (Early modern literature in history) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. English drama Early modern and Elizabethan, History and criticism. 2. English drama 17th century History and criticism. 3. Shakespeare, William, Contemporaries. 4. Lost literature England. I. McInnis, David, editor. II. Steggle, Matthew, editor. PR658.L6L '.309 dc Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India.

5 In memory of Reg Foakes ( )

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7 Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors A Note on Conventions ix x xi xiii Introduction: Nothing Will Come of Nothing? Or, What can we Learn from Plays that Don t Exist? 1 David McInnis and Matthew Steggle Part I What is a Lost Play? 1 What s a Lost Play?: Toward a Taxonomy of Lost Plays 17 William Proctor Williams 2 Ur-Plays and Other Exercises in Making Stuff Up 31 Roslyn L. Knutson 3 What is Lost of Shakespearean Plays, Besides a Few Titles? 55 Andrew Gurr 4 Lost, or Rather Surviving as a Very Short Document 72 Matthew Steggle 5 Lumpers and Splitters 84 John H. Astington Part II Working with Lost Plays 6 2 Fortune s Tennis and the Admiral s Men 105 David McInnis 7 Brute Parts: From Troy to Britain at the Rose, Misha Teramura 8 The Admiral s Lost Arthurian Plays 148 Paul Whitfield White 9 Lost Plays and the Repertory of Lord Strange s Men 163 Lawrence Manley 10 Thomas Watson, Playwright: Origins of Modern English Drama 187 Michael J. Hirrel vii

8 viii Contents 11 Lost Stage Friars and their Narratives 208 Christopher Matusiak 12 Reimagining Gillian: The Merry Wives of Windsor and the Lost Friar Fox and Gillian of Brentford 229 Christi Spain-Savage Part III Moving Forward 13 Where to Find Lost Plays 255 Martin Wiggins Select Bibliography 279 Index 282

9 List of Figures 2.1 Buc signature on the title page of Locrine Greg s 1904 transcription altered to include Greg s 1931 emendations 109 ix

10 Acknowledgements This volume of essays has emerged from two main sources. First, the development of the Lost Plays Database (LPD) since 2009, under the general editorship of Roslyn L. Knutson and David McInnis, has played an important role in elevating the visibility of lost plays as an important research field in its own right. We would like to thank the many scholars who have contributed to and supported the LPD and the work it produces, including Reg Foakes who was an Advisory Board member of the LPD until he passed away in December Without his scholarship on Henslowe s diary and papers, much of our work on lost plays would not be possible. Second, the seminar on Lost Plays in Early Modern England led by David McInnis and Matthew Steggle at the Shakespeare Association of America s meeting in Toronto, 2013 provided an immediate impetus for the present collection. We thank the group of SAA seminar participants (many of whom feature in the present volume) who offered fresh insights and critiques as part of that conference, with especial thanks to Douglas Arrell, Todd Borlik, Jacob Heil, Frederick Kiefer, and David Orvis. We are also grateful to the Australian Research Council (ARC) for funding David McInnis s research on lost plays in the form of a Discovery Project grant ( ), which includes work undertaken for this edited collection. Gayle Allan and Joanne Allan kindly assisted with the preparation of this volume, which we greatly appreciate. The British Library provided permission to reproduce an image of Add 10449, f.4 as the cover image for this book. Finally, amongst the many supportive colleagues he is fortunate to work with, David would like to single out Roslyn Knutson in particular for her friendship and intellectual generosity. He thanks his daughter, Imogen, for waiting patiently until this book was finished before making her appearance in the world. His greatest thanks, as usual, is to Emma. Matthew thanks Lisa Hopkins for support and inspiration. And to Clare, Robert, and Helena, he is more grateful than he can say. David McInnis and Matthew Steggle x

11 Notes on the Contributors John H. Astington is Professor of English and Drama at the University of Toronto. He is the author of over a hundred publications, large and small, including the books English Court Theatre (1999) and Actors and Acting in Shakespeare s Time (2010). Andrew Gurr is Professor Emeritus at the University of Reading, and former Director of Research at the Shakespeare Globe Centre, London. His academic books include The Shakespearean Stage (1970), Playgoing in Shakespeare s London (1981), The Shakespearian Playing Companies (1996), The Shakespeare Company (2004), and Shakespeare s Opposites: The Admiral s Men (2009). Michael J. Hirrel is a trial and appellate attorney who lives in Arlington, Virginia. He has written scholarly essays concerning Elizabethan drama for Shakespeare Quarterly, Review of English Studies, and Huntington Library Quarterly, performance reviews for Shakespeare Bulletin, and a play, Meet Ben Jonson! He is completing a book about Thomas Kyd s Hamlet. Roslyn L. Knutson, Emerita Professor of English at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, is the author of Playing Companies and Commerce in Shakespeare s Time (2001) and The Repertory of Shakespeare's Company, (1991). Currently she is studying the commercial theatrical marketplace, , and co-editing the Lost Plays Database. Lawrence Manley is William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of English at Yale University. He is author of Convention, (1980) and Literature and Culture in Early Modern London (1995), editor of London in the Age of Shakespeare (1985) and The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of London (2010), and co-author with Sally-Beth MacLean of Lord Strange s Men and Their Plays (2014). Christopher Matusiak teaches English at Ithaca College in New York. He has published articles on the politics of theatre management at the Cockpit playhouse in Early Theatre and Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England. Currently he is editing Greene s Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay for the Queen s Men Editions series. David McInnis (University of Melbourne) is currently editing Dekker s Old Fortunatus for the Revels Plays series. In addition to his monograph, xi

12 xii Notes on the Contributors Mind-Travelling and Voyage Drama in Early Modern England (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), his essays have been published in Review of English Studies; Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England; Studies in English Literature, ; Notes & Queries, and elsewhere. With Roslyn L. Knutson, he is founder and co-editor of the Lost Plays Database. Christi Spain-Savage primarily works on women s labour in relation to London neighbourhoods. Her article, The Gendered Place Narratives of Billingsgate Fishwives, is forthcoming in Studies in English Literature, and a collaborative essay, Attending to Fishwives: Views from London and Amsterdam, will soon appear in Gendered Routes and Spaces in the Early Modern World. Matthew Steggle is Professor of English at Sheffield Hallam University. His publications include editions of early modern plays for Richard Brome Online (2010); The Cambridge Works of Ben Jonson (2012); and The Norton Shakespeare, 3rd edition (forthcoming, 2015). His current project is a monograph discussing ten lost plays. Misha Teramura is a doctoral candidate at Harvard University. His work has appeared in Shakespeare Quarterly and is forthcoming in Early Theatre. Paul Whitfield White is Professor of English at Purdue University. His publications in early modern drama include two monographs, Drama and Religion in English Provincial Society (2008), and Theatre and Reformation (1993), and two essay collections, Shakespeare and Theatrical Patronage, co-edited with Suzanne R. Westfall (2006), and Marlowe, History, and Sexuality (1998). Martin Wiggins is the author of British Drama, : A Catalogue (2012 ). His other works include Shakespeare and the Drama of His Time (2000) and Drama and the Transfer of Power in Renaissance England (2012). William Proctor Williams (University of Akron) has recently published editions of Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Richard III and the fourth edition of his An Introduction to Bibliographical and Textual Studies appeared in He has recently completed editions of four plays by Thomas Heywood for the Oxford Heywood edition.

13 A Note on Conventions Throughout this volume, extant play titles appear in italics; the titles of lost plays are differentiated through the use of quotation marks. xiii