REVOLUTIONS IN ROMANTIC LITERATURE: AN ANTHOLOGY OF PRINT CULTURE, EDITED BY PAUL KEEN. broadview press

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1 REVOLUTIONS IN ROMANTIC LITERATURE: AN ANTHOLOGY OF PRINT CULTURE, EDITED BY PAUL KEEN broadview press

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii xxi SECTION ONE: THE NATURE OF THE WORD, LITERATURE 1 William Godwin, An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness (1793) 3 Monthly Review, Review of An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness (1793) : 5 British Critic, Review of An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness (1793) 6 TJ. Mathias, The Pursuits of Literature: A Satirical Poem in Four Dialogues (1797) 7 Analytical Review, Review of 1. Requete au Roi, &c. Address to the King, by M. de Calonne. London, Reponse de M. de Calonne &c. M. Calonne's Reply to M. Necker's Pamphlet published in April 1787, containing the Examination of his Report of the State of the Finances of France in 1774, 1776, 1781, 1783, 1787, &c. London, Sur le Compte rendu au Roi, &c. Explanations of the Account rendered to the King in By M. Necker. Paris, Motif de M. de Calonne, &c. M. de Calonne's Motive for delaying his Refutation of M. Necker's Explanations till the meeting of the States-General. London, (1788) 8 Anna Letitia Barbauld, An Address to the Opposers of the Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts (1790) 9 Monthly Magazine, Letter (1798) 9 Edinburgh Review, "The Periodical Press," A Review of: The St. James Chronicle The Morning Chronicle The Times The New Times The Courier, &c. Cobbett's Weekly Journal The Examiner The Observer The Gentleman's Magazine The New Monthly Magazine The London, &c. &c. [William Hazlitt] (1823) 11 Leigh Hunt, "On the Connection and the Mutual Assistance of the Arts and Sciences, and the Relation of Poetry to them All," The Reflector, A Collection of Essays, on Miscellaneous Subjects of Literature and Politics (1812) 12 Thomas De Quincey, "The Poetry of Pope" (1848) 13 Please note that the texts listed are selections; works are not reproduced in their entirety.

3 REVOLUTIONS IN ROMANTIC LITERATURE SECTION TWO: THE READING PUBLIC YJ S.T. Coleridge, The Statesman 's Manual: A Lay Sermon (1816) 19 John Stuart Mill, "The Present State of Literature" (1827) 21 New Monthly Magazine, "The Influence of Books" [William Hazlitt] (1828) Political Register, "Letter to Alderman Wood on the Subject of Teaching the Children of the Poor to Read" [William Cobbett] (1813) 24 William Godwin, "Of Learning." The Enquirer: Reflections on Education, Manners and Literature (1797) 29 Sir Archibald Macdonald, Speech as Prosecution in the Seditious-Libel Trial ofthomas Paine for Rights of Man Part Two (1792) 31 Thomas Erskine, Speech as Prosecution in the Seditious-Libel Trial of Thomas Williams for Publishing Age of Reason, by Thomas Paine (1797) v. 32 Gentleman's Magazine, Letter: "On Reading Novels" (1797) 33 Gentleman 's Magazine, Letter: "Eusebius's Final Reply on the Subject of Sunday Schools" (1798) 34 Gentleman 's Magazine, Letter: "Some former Articles Reviewed by an old Correspondent" (1789) 35 Leigh Hunt, "My Books" (1823) 36 SECTION THREE: LITERARY AUTOBIOGRAPHIES 40 James Lackington, Memoirs of the Forty-Five First Years of the Life of James Lackington, Bookseller (1791; 1792). 42 Mary Robinson, Memoirs of Mary Robinson. Written by Herself (1800) 51 William Gifford, Esq., The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis andofaulus Persius Flaccus, Translated Into English Verse. Prefaced by a Life of Gifford (1802) 61 Francis Place, The Autobiography of Francis Place (1824) 70 SECTION FOUR: THE BOOK TRADE 79 James Lackington, Memoirs of the Forty-Five First Years of the Life of James Lackington, Bookseller (1791; 1792) 82 Gentleman 's Magazine, "Bibliographic Account of the late Mr. Joseph Johnson" (1809) : 86 Isaac D'Israeli, The Case of Authors Stated, Including the History of Literary Property (1812) 87

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Anonymous, An Address to the Parliament of Great Britain, on the Claims of Authors to Their Own Copy Right. By a Member of the University of Cam bridge (1813) 92 Sir Egerton Brydges, Bart. M.P., Reasons for a Further Amendment of the Act 54 Geo. HI. C. 156: Being an Act to Amend the Copyright Act of Queen Anne (1817) 96 Gentleman's Magazine, Letter: "Mr. Fisher's Publication on Stratford-upon-Avon" (1817) 98 S.T. Coleridge, "Advice to Young Authors," Biographia Literaria (1817) 100 SECTION FIVE: THE VANITY FAIR OF KNOWLEDGE: LITERARY FASHIONS 104 Vicesimus Knox, "Of Reading Novels and Trifling Books Without Discrimination," Winter Evenings: or, Lucubrations on Life and Letters (1788) Gentleman's Magazine, Letter: "Libraries Recommended in Market Towns" (1794) 108 T.J. Mathias, The Pursuits of Literature: A Satirical Poem in Four Dialogues (1797) 109 Isaac D'Israeli, Preface to An Essay on the Manners and Genius of the Literary Character (1795) 110 Monthly Review, Review at A View of Universal History, from Creation to the Present Time. By the Rev. J. Adams (1796) 112 Hannah More, Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education (1799) 113 Gentleman 's Magazine, Letter: "A Modern Requisite Towards the Character of a Gentleman" (1799) 117 Anna Letitia Barbauld, "On the Origin and Progress of Novel-Writing" (1810) Monthly Magazine, "On Reading New Books" [William Hazlitt] (1827) 120 SECTION SIX: THE ARTS AND SCIENCES 124 Monthly Review, Review oi An Inquiry into the History of Scotland Preceding the Reign of Malcolm III or the Year By John Pinkerton (1790) 126 James Lackington, Memoirs of the First Forty-Five Years of the Life of James Lackington (1791; 1792) 127 British Critic, Review of The History of Great Britain, Connected with the Chronology of Europe. By James Pettit Andrews (1794) 127 Gentleman 's Magazine, Review of Sheridan and Henderson's Practical Method of Reading and Reciting English Poetry; Designed as an Introduction to Dr. Enfield's "Speaker" (1798) 128

5 REVOLUTIONS IN ROMANTIC LITERATURE Monthly Magazine, "A Tribute to the Memory of the Late Excellent and Celebrated Bibliographer, Mr. Samuel Paterson" (l'8o3) 128 Preface to Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or, a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature; Enlarged and Improved. The Fourth Edition (1810) Monthly Review, Review of Experimental Researches Concerningthe Philosophy of Permanent Colours. By Edward Bancroft (1795) 132 Monthly Review, Review of FLORENTII JACOBI VOLTELEN Oratio, &c. i.e. An Oration delivered in the University of Leydon. By FJ. Voltelen, on his retiring from the Office of Rector Magnificus (1791) 133 Preface to Gentleman 's'magazine (1795) 134 Preface to Dissertations and Miscellaneous Pieces Relating to the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia (1793) 134 Joseph Priestley, Dedication and Preface to Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds ofair and Other Branches of Natural Philosophy (1790) 135 Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants (179'1) 139 Humphry Davy, A Discourse, Introductory to a Course of Lectures of Chemistry (1802) 141 William Wordsworth, Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802) 144 Humphry Davy, Address of the President on Taking the Chair of the Royal Society, for the First Time; December 7 th, on the Present State of That Body, and on the Progress and Prospects of Science (1827) 146 SECTION SEVEN: THE PERIODICAL PRESS 149 Preface to the Analytical Review, Or, History of Literature, Domestic And Foreign, on an Enlarged Plan (1788) 151 Preface to Gentleman 's Magazine and Historical Chronicle (1790) 154 Monthly Review, Review of The Patriot: or, Political, Moral, and Philosophical Repository, consisting of Original Pieces, and Selections from Writers of Merit, a Work calculated to disseminate those Branches of Knowledge among all Ranks of People, at a small Expence. By a Society of Gentlemen (1792) 155 Monthly Magazine, Letter (1799) 155 Samuel Pratt, Gleanings in England: Descriptive of the Countenance, Mind, and Character of the Country (1799) 157 Prospectus, The Reflector, A Collection of Essays, on Miscellaneous Subjects of Literature and Politics [Leigh Hunt] (1812) 160 S.T. Coleridge, "The Author's Obligations to Critics, and the Probable Occasion," Biographia Literaria (1817) 160 Introduction to Retrospective Review (1820) 162 Edinburgh Review, "The Periodical Press," A Review of: The St. James Chronicle The Morning Chronicle The Times The New

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Times The Courier, &c. Cobbett's Weekly Journal The Examiner The Observer The Gentleman's Magazine The New Monthly Magazine The London, &c. &c. [William Hazlitt] (1823) 165 SECTION EIGHT: ROMANTIC LITERATURE 170 William Gilpin, Three Essays: On Picturesque Beauty; On Picturesque Travel; and on Sketching Landscape: to which is added a poem, on Landscape Painting (1792) 173 Monthly Magazine, "On Artificial Taste" [Mary Wollstonecraft] (1797) 176 Monthly Magazine, "On the Characteristics of Poetry" (1797) 179 Charles Lloyd, Edmund Oliver (1798) 182..William Wordsworth, Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802) 182 Edinburgh Review, Review of Thalaba, the Destroyer. By Robert Southey (1.802) Leigh Hunt, The Feast of the Poets (1814) 188 Humphry Davy, "Parallels Between Art and Science" (1807) 190 Percy Shelley, A Defence of Poetry (1821) 191 SECTION NINE: REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE 196 Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event (1790) 199 Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke; occasioned by his Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) Thomas Paine, Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke's Attack on the French Revolution ( ) 205 Anonymous, Remarks on Mr. Paine's Pamphlet, Called the Rights of Man (1791) 208 Thomas Paine, Letter Addressed to the Addressers on the Late Proclamation (1792) 209 Hannah More, Village Politics, Addressed to All the Mechanics, Journeymen And Day Labourers, in Great Britain (1793) 211 Daniel Isaac Eaton, The Pernicious Effects of the Art of Printing Upon Society, Exposed (1793) 215 John Bowles, Letters of the Ghost of Alfred, Addressed to the Hon. Thomas Erskine, and the Hon. Charles James Fox, On the Occasion of the State Trials at the Close of the Year 1794, and the Beginning of the Year 1795 (1795) 219 John Thelwall, Peaceful Discussion, and Not Tumultuary Violence the Means of Redressing National Grievance (1795) 222

7 REVOLUTIONS IN ROMANTIC LITERATURE William Godwin, Considerations on Lord Grenville's And Mr. Pitt's Bills, Concerning Treasonable And Seditious Practices, And Unlawful Assemblies. By a Lover of Order (1795) 227 SECTION TEN: A REVOLUTION IN FEMALE MANNERS 233 Catharine Macaulay, Letters on Education, with Observations on Religious and Metaphysical Subjects (1790) 236 Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) 239 Mary Hays, Appeal to the Men of Great Britain on Behalf of Women (1798) 244 Priscilla Wakefield, Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex; With Suggestions for its Improvement (1798) 249 Mary Ann Radcliffe, The Female Advocate; or, an Attempt to Recover the Rights of Women from Male Usurpation (1799) 253 Hannah More, Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education (1799) 255 Thomas Gould, A Vindication of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France, in Answer to All His Opponents (1791) Richard Cumberland, The Observer: Being A Collection of Moral, Literary and Familiar Essays (1791) 265 Gentleman's Magazine, Letter: "Strictures on National Vices, Follies, and Inadvertencies" (1795) 266 Richard Polwhele, The Unsex'd Females: A Poem, Addressed to the Author of The Pursuits of Literature (1798) 268 SECTION ELEVEN: THE SECOND WAVE OF REFORM 271 Edinburgh Review, "Liberty of the Press and its Abuses," A Review of The Law of Libel, in which is contained a General History of this Law in the Ancient codes, and of its Introduction and successive Alterations in the Law of England: Comprehending a Digest of all the leading Cases upon Libels, from the earliest to the present Time. By Thomas Ludlow Holt, Esq. Of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law (September 1816) 273 Quarterly Review, "Parliamentary Reform," A Review of: 1. An Inquiry into the Causes of the General Poverty and Dependance of Mankind; including a full Investigation of the Corn Laws. By William Dawson. Edinburgh A Plan for the Reform of Parliament, on Constitutional Principles. Pamphleteer. No Observations on the Scarcity of Money, and its effects upon the Public. By Edward Tatham, D.D. rector of Lincoln College, Oxford

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. On the State of the Country, in December, By the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart. 5. Christian Policy, the Salvation ofthe Empire. Being a clear and concise Examination into the Causes that have produced the impending, unavoidable National Bankruptcy; and the Effects that must ensue, unless averted by the Adoption of this only real and desirable Remedy, which would elevate these Realms to a pitch of Greatness hitherto unattained by any Nation that ever existed. By Thomas Evans, Librarian to the Society of Spencean Philanthropists. Second Edition. London The Monthly Magazine. 7. Cobbett's Political Register. [Robert Southey] (October 1816) 277 Political Register, "To The Readers of The Register. On the means of overcoming the difficulties experienced by those who are opposed to Corruption, and especially on the means adopted by me for obtaining fair play as to the use of the Press" [William Cobbett] (16 Nov. 1816).282 S.T. Coleridge, A Lay Sermon (March 1817) 285 The Gorgon (23 May 1818) 287 The Examiner, "The Editor of the Quarterly Review" [William Hazlitt] (14 June 1818) 289 The Examiner, "State of The World" (3 January 1819) 291 SECTION TWELVE: BRITISH INDIA 294 Sir William Jones, The Second Anniversary Discourse Delivered 24 February, 1785 by The President (1785) 295 Thomas Erskine, Speech for the Defense in the Case of the King against John Stockdale, for a Libel on the House of Commons (1789) 297 Charles Hamilton, Preface, to The Hedaya, or Guide; a Commentary on the Mussulman Laws (1791) 299 Thomas Maurice, Indian Antiquities, or Dissertations on Hindostan (1793) 300 Preface to Dissertations and Miscellaneous Pieces Relating to The History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature of Asia (1793) 303 British Critic, Review of Travels in India, 1780, 81, 82, and 83. By William Hodges, R.A. (1794) 304 Sir William Jones, The Preface to Institutes of Hindu Law: or, the Ordinances of Menu, According to the Gloss of Calluca. Comprising the Indian System of Duties, Religious and Civil (1796) 305 Elizabeth Hamilton, Translation of the Letters of a Hindoo Rajah, Preliminary Dissertation (1796) 306 Monthly Review, Review of Dissertations and Miscellaneous Pieces relating to the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature of Asia. By Sir William Jones and others. Vol. Ill (1797) 308

9 REVOLUTIONS IN ROMANTIC LITERATURE William Ouseley, Prospectus for The Oriental Collections: Consisting of Original Essays and Dissertations, Translations and Miscellaneous Tracts of Asia (17'97) Monthly Review, Review of Essays by the Students of the College of Fort William in Bengal. Printed by the Honourable Company's Press. Imported by Debrett, London.(1804) 310 Quarterly Magazine, Review of /. The Life of Bishop Reginald Heber, D.D., Bishop of Calcutta The Last Days of Bishop Heber. By Thomas Robinson, A.M., Archdeacon of Madras, and late Domestic Chaplain to his Lordship. Madras, printed. London, reprinted, Thomas Macaulay, Minute on Indian Education (1835) '. 313 SECTION THIRTEEN: THE SLAVE TRADE 316 Hannah More, Slavery: a Poem (1788) 320 Helen Maria Williams, A Poem on the Bill Lately Passed for Regulating the Slave-Trade (1788) 323 Anonymous, Thoughts on the Slavery of the Negroes, as it Affects the British Colonies in the West Indies; Humbly Submitted to the Consideration of Both Houses of Parliament (1788) 325 The Rev. Mr. Robert Boucher Nicholls, Dean of Middleham, Observations, Occasioned by the Attempts Made in England to Effect the Abolition of the Slave Trade; Shewing the Manner in Which Negroes Are Treated in the British Colonies, in the West-Indies (1788) 329 Anna Letitia Barbauld, Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq. on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolishing the Slave Trade (1791) 332 Alexander Geddes, An Apology for Slavery; or, Six Cogent Arguments Against the Immediate Abolition of the Slave-Trade (1792) 334 Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies (1793) 337 Charlotte Smith, The Wanderings of Warwick (1794) 340 C.B. Wadstrom, An Essay on Colonization, Particularly Applied to the Western Coast ofafrica, with Some Free Thoughts on Cultivation and Commerce; Also Brief Descriptions of the Colonies Already Formed, or Attempted, in Africa, Including Those of Sierra Leona and Bulama (1794) 342 S.T. Coleridge, "On the Slave Trade," The Watchman (1796) 345 Thomas Clarkson, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade By the British Parliament (1808) 347 INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES 351