Projects: Quality, Researching, and Works Cited Instructions. Pre-AP World Geography Mrs. McClung

Transcription

1 Projects: Quality, Researching, and Works Cited Instructions Pre-AP World Geography Mrs. McClung

2 Examples of Visual Projects and Oral Presentations PowerPoint Presentation Storyboard Presentation Movie Maker Presentation Inspiration Assignment Poster or Display Board

3 Visual and Oral Presentations People tend to be eye-minded, and the impacts visual aids bring to a presentation are, indeed, significant. The studies, below, reveal interesting statistics that support these findings: In many studies, experimental psychologists and educators have found that retention of information three days after a meeting or other event is six times greater when information is presented by visual and oral means than when the information is presented by the spoken word alone. Studies by educational researchers suggest that approximately 83% of human learning occurs visually, and the remaining 17% through the other senses - 11% through hearing, 3.5% through smell, 1% through taste, and 1.5% through touch. The studies suggest that three days after an event, people retain 10% of what they heard from an oral presentation, 35% from a visual presentation, and 65% from a visual and oral presentation. The use of visual aids, then, is essential to all presentations. Without them, the impact of your presentation may leave the audience shortly after the audience leaves you. By preparing a presentation with visual aids that reinforce your main ideas, you will reach your audience far more effectively, and, perhaps, continue to "touch" them long after the presentation ends.

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5 Good Visual Presentations Quality Poster Project Expectations: Should Have a Bold Large Title that is clear and concise and can be read easily from 6-10 feet away. If including Subtitles they should be smaller than the title but still readable from a distance The Project theme should be obvious from that distance as well. All items have neatly cut edges and secured well to the poster Include all research and information requirements Colorful or can be monochromatic (If done well) use of creativity is good. Typed or neatly written The Students own work One should be able to meet the project requirements without specific Artistic talent or skill, but sometimes this allows students with those abilities to shine. The Next Two Slides are Examples of Prior Student Poster Projects

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8 Project Instructions Once you have the assigned Project Topic, Requirements, and Rubric, Please follow the guidelines in this PowerPoint. If you still need clarification, please ask your instructor at school during the appropriate times, or your questions. Once you are clear on the assignment begin Researching.

9 Keeping Track of the Medium of Sources as you Research As you are researching, keep track of the Medium source information for data you plan to use. For Example: Write the specific medium of the Source and all required information that should be used with that medium for a MLA Works Cited page. See Specifications for various mediums in proceeding slides of this PowerPoint. You could do this on note cards, or copy and paste the specifics on a word document and organize it as you create the MLA Works Cited Page.

10 Keeping Track of Sources as you Research Students can also use various websites to put their works cited information in proper format, but the key to using them successfully is to still know what information will be required for the different type of Sources, so write it down or save it somewhere so you can retrieve it later. Noodle Bib KnightCite

11 When Researching: Consider Assignments can have specific requirements concerning Primary and Secondary Sources Types of Sources

12 Types of Resources When Researching online do not just look in one place and then tell yourself you couldn t find anything about your topic. You have to be relentless looking for information about your topic just like a detective (Sleuth) would be looking for clues to solve a crime. Sometimes the difference between success and failure could be something as small as changing the key words in your search. Just Keep Trying and use different Search Engines or Databases.

13 Search Engines The Big Four~ Google: Yahoo: Bing: Ask: Specialized Search Engines~ ipl2: Information You Can Trust: A directory of information compiled by library professionals. Quality links! Also, has a 24/7 "Ask a Librarian" feature. InfoMine: Scholarly Internet Resource Collections: "INFOMINE is a virtual library of Internet resources relevant to faculty, students, and research staff at the university level. It contains useful Internet resources such as databases, electronic journals, electronic books, bulletin boards, mailing lists, online library card catalogs, articles, directories of researchers, and many other types of information.

14 Home Access to Kingwood Data Bases Kingwood Data Base Access: You will need to go to the Library and pick-up a copy of the passwords for the data bases linked below: EBSCO: Multiple academic research databases, including scholarly journals, encyclopedias, newspaper and magazine archives, history reference, and health information. Opposing View Points: Fovic%2F%3FuserGroupName%3Dtlc %26authCount%3D1&cont=&sev=temp&type=sessio n&sserv=no Thomas Gale Data Bases: Includes a Texas almanac, American Decades database, full text periodicals, primary source documents, reference materials, and images on a wide variety of topics. enu.do%3fusergroupname%3dtlc %26finalauth%3dtrue&cont=&sev=temp&type=session&sserv=no Britannica Encyclopedia: ABC-CLIO:A collection of eight databases that offer in-depth research on geography, history, government, and current issues.

15 Project Works Cited Page

16 #1 Rule for any formatting style: Always Follow your instructor s guidelines

17 Abbreviations Commonly Used with Electronic Sources If publishing information is unavailable for entries that require publication information such as publisher (or sponsor) names and publishing dates, MLA requires the use of special abbreviations to indicate that this information is not available. Use n.p. to indicate that neither a publisher nor a sponsor name has been provided. Use n.d. when the Web page does not provide a publication date. When an entry requires that you provide a page but no pages are provided in the source (as in the case of an online-only scholarly journal or a work that appears in an online-only anthology), use the abbreviation n. pag.

18 MLA Format: General Guidelines Type on white 8.5 x 11 paper Double-space everything Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font. Leave only one space after punctuation Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch

19 Continued Works Cited Page Rules Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the General Guideline Rules are stated on the previous slide. Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces so that you create a hanging indent. List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as

20 Capitalization and Punctuation Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. New to MLA 2009: Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)

21 How Many Authors do You Have? Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name: Burke, Kenneth Levy, David M. Wallace, David Foster Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named: "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John"; do, however, include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as: "King, Martin Luther, Jr.," with the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma.

22 Work with No Known Author Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citations in your paper. In this case, Boring Postcards USA has no known author: Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulations. [...] Boring Postcards USA. [...] Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives. [...]

23 Another Example: No Author Skip the author and just start with the title first Example: "'To His Coy Mistress.'" Poetry for Students. Ed. Mary Ruby. Vol. 5. Farmington Hills: Gale, Print.

24 1 Author LastName, FirstName. = Smith, John.

25 2 Authors Format: LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName.

26 3 Authors Format: LastName, FirstName, FirstName LastName, and FirstName LastName.

27 4 or More Authors If 4 or more authors there are two options: 1.)or give all the names in full 2.) name only the first author and add "et al." ("and others") (p.155)

28 More than One Work by an Author If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every entry after the first: Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives --- A Rhetoric of Motives. When an author or collection editor appears both as the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first: Heller, Steven, ed. The Education of an E-Designer. Heller, Steven and Karen Pomeroy. Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design.

29 Example of Completed Works Cited Page Sample Works Cited page:

30 What Type of Medium are you citing? Print Materials: Items that are printed and held in one s Hands. Books, Newspapers, magazines or periodicals, speech, etc. These items must be stated as (Print) on your works cited page. Database from a Library website: Specific Library databases by name, Entire Book, Part of a Book -- a chapter, essay, story, poem, etc., Part of a book in a series, magazine or newspaper article, journal article, and reprinted article. Some or most of these materials have duplicates that originated from print materials that can be held in one s hands, but if you accessed the information from the web, you must cite the material as ( Web). The online database name should be typed in italics. Website on the Internet: Article that s part of a website, entire website, Image or photo on a website. Other: Interview, Art and Photos, movies, etc..

31 Determine the Medium you are Using for your data For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Most entries will likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CD-ROM, or DVD. Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your instructor or publisher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. For long URLs, break lines only at slashes. You will not include the URL. If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. You do not need to provide subscription information in addition to the database name.

32 Print Sources (Hold In Your Hands) A PRINT article is one that you actually hold in your hands. It is a physical article, either in the form of a photocopy or from a publication you read in print. An article that has been printed from a web source (either from a database or from a website) is considered an electronic or WEB source, not a PRINT source, and you should cite it using the Citing Periodical Articles - Electronic/Web Sources page. Electronic books, ebooks, or books read completely online are not PRINT.

33 Works Cited Page: Books (Print) Basic Format: Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Examples: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, Print. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print.

34 Works Cited: Part of a Book -- a chapter, essay, story, poem, etc. (Print) Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Essay, Chapter or Article." Title of Book. Ed. EDITOR'S NAME. EDITION ed. Vol. #. City of publication: Publisher, Copyright Year. page number(s). Publication medium. Eng 101 Textbook - Example: Thomas, Lewis. "On Warts." The Reader. Ed. Judy Sieg. 3rd ed. New York: Learning Solutions, Print. Eng 102 Textbook - Example: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "The Birthmark." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford, Print. *Note: If you are citing a play or a novel, italicize title instead of putting in quotation marks (157)

35 Works Cited Page: Periodicals (Print) Article in a Magazine Format: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Example: Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: Print. Article in Scholarly Journal Format: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume. Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. Example: Duvall, John N. "The (Super) Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise." Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): Print.

36 Works Cited Page: Periodicals (Print)

37 Works Cited: Academics Journal (Print)

38 Works Cited: Reprinted Article - Print Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Essay or Article." Name and publication information about book or journal where article was originally published. Rpt. in Title of Book. Ed. EDITOR'S NAME. EDITION ed. Vol. #. City of Publication: Publisher, year. Page numbers. Publication medium. Reprinted Book Article: Bayley, John. "The Nouvelle as Hypothesis." Tolstoy and the Novel. n.p.: Chatto, Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anna J. Sheets. Vol. 30. Detroit: Gale, Print. Reprinted Journal Article: Hussman, Frederick. "William Carlos Williams: Imagery, Rhythm, Form." The Sewanee Review 55.4 (1947): Rpt. in Poetry for Students. Ed. Drew Kalasky. Vol. 7. Detroit: Gale, Print.

39 Works Cited: A Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph (Print) Include the artist's name. Give the title of the artwork in italics. Provide the date of composition. If the date of composition is unknown, place the abbreviation n.d. in place of the date. Finally, provide the name of the institution that houses the artwork followed by the location of the institution. Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV Museo del Prado, Madrid. For photographic reproductions of artwork (e.g. images of artwork in a book), cite the bibliographic information as above followed by the information for the source in which the photograph appears, including page or reference numbers (plate, figure, etc.). Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV Museo del Prado, Madrid. Gardener's Art Through the Ages. 10th ed. By Richard G. Tansey and Fred S. Kleiner. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Print.

40 Works Cited: Presentation from a published conference proceeding (Print) To cite a presentation from a published conference proceedings, begin with the presenter s name. Place the name of the presentation in quotation marks. Follow with publication information for the conference proceedings. LastName, FirstName. Conference Paper Title. Conference Title that Includes Conference Date and Location. Ed. Conference Editor(s). Place of publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print.

41 Works Cited: Published Conference Proceedings (Print) Cite published conference proceedings like a book. If the date and location of the conference are not part of the published title, add this information after the published proceedings title. The medium of publication is Print. Remember to use the abbreviation n.p. if the publisher is not known; use n.d. if the date is not known. Last Name, First Name, ed. Conference Title that Includes Conference Date and Location. Place of publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Last Name, First Name, ed. Conference Title that Does Not Include Conference Date and Location. Conference Date, Conference Location. Place of publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print.

42 Works Cited: Published Interviews (Print or Broadcast) List the interview by the name of the interviewee. If the name of the interview is part of a larger work like a book, a television program, or a film series, place the title of the interview in quotation marks. Place the title of the larger work in italics. If the interview appears as an independent title, italicize it. Determine the medium of publication (e.g., print, Web, DVD) and fill in the rest of the entry with the information required by that medium. For books, include the author or editor name after the book title. Note: If the interview from which you quote does not feature a title, add the descriptor Interview (unformatted) after the interviewee s name. You may also use the descriptor Interview by to add the name of the interview to the entry if it is relevant to your paper. Gaitskill, Mary. Interview with Charles Bock. Mississippi Review 27.3 (1999): Print. Amis, Kingsley. Mimic and Moralist. Interviews with Britain s Angry Young Men. By Dale Salwak. San Bernardino, CA: Borgo, Print.

43 Works Cited: Web Format Web Source Format: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Article Name. Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access. <URL>. You Will Not Include URL

44 Works Cited: Web Examples Examples: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug Web. 4 May Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov Web. 10 May "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." ehow.com. ehow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb

45 Works Cited: An Article from an Online Database (or Other Electronic Subscription Service) Cite articles from online databases (e.g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect) and other subscription services just as you would print sources. Note: Previous editions of the MLA Style Manual required information about the subscribing institution (name and location). This information is no longer required by MLA. Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. Nature's Rotary Electromotors. Science 29 Apr. 2005: Science Online. Web. 5 Mar Langhamer, Claire. Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England. Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009.

46 Works Cited: Entire Book Library Database Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Copyright Year. Database Name. Publication Medium. Day Month Year of Access.

47 Works Cited: Part of a Book -- in a Series - Library Database Just add series title (no italics) after copyright date to examples above. Format: Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Book. Ed. EDITOR'S NAME. EDITION ed. City of Publication: Publisher, year. Name of Series. Page number(s). Name of Database. Medium of Publication. Day Month Year of access. Example: Goddard, Harold C. "Hamlet's Hesitation." Shakespeare's Tragedies. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea, Bloom's Major Dramatists Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Web. 15 July 2011.

48 Works Cited: Part of a Book -- a chapter, essay, story, poem, etc. - Library Database

49 Works Cited: Magazine or Newspaper Article - Library Database Format: Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Name of Magazine or Newspaper Day Month Year of article: page number(s). Database Name. Publication medium. Day Month Year of access.

50 Works Cited: Journal Article - Library Database Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume.Issue (Year): Page Numbers. Database Name. Publication Medium. Day Month Year of Access.

51 Works Cited: Reprinted Article- Library Data Base Format: Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Essay or Article." Name and publication information about book or journal where article was originally published. Rpt. in Title of Book. Ed. EDITOR'S NAME. EDITION ed. Vol. #. City of Publication: Publisher, year. Page numbers. Database Name. Publication medium. Date of Your Access. Reprinted Book Article: Bayley, John. "The Nouvelle as Hypothesis." Tolstoy and the Novel. n.p.: Chatto, Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anna J. Sheets. Vol. 30. Detroit: Gale, Literature Resource Center. Web. 30 June Reprinted Journal Article: Hussman, Frederick. "William Carlos Williams: Imagery, Rhythm, Form." The Sewanee Review 55.4 (1947): Rpt. in Poetry for Students. Ed. Drew Kalasky. Vol. 7. Detroit: Gale, General OneFile. Web. 30 June 2011.

52 Works Cited: Article in an Online Scholarly Journal That also Appears in Print Cite articles in online scholarly journals that also appear in print as you would a scholarly journal in print, including the page range of the article. Provide the medium of publication that you used (in this case, Web) and the date of access. Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6.6 (2000): Web. 8 Feb

53 Works Cited: Citing an Entire Web Site It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available on one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete address for the site. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given. Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, Web. 23 Apr Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov Web. 10 May 2006.

54 Works Cited: Entire Website (multiple pages on same site) Format: Author or editor of site. Title of Internet Site. Publisher or Sponsor of site, Day Month Year of Source. Publication medium. Day Month Year of access. <include URL/web address only if source cannot be located without it or if instructor requires it>. *Note: if editor given, put "ed." after name.

55 Works Cited: Course or Department Websites Give the instructor name. Then list the title of the course (or the school catalog designation for the course) in italics. Give appropriate department and school names as well, following the course title. Remember to use n.d. if no publishing date is given. Felluga, Dino. Survey of the Literature of England. Purdue U, Aug Web. 31 May English Department. Purdue U, 20 Apr Web. 14 May 2009.

56 Works Cited: A Page on a Web Site For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known, followed by the information covered above for entire Web sites. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." ehow.com. ehow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009

57 Works Cited: An Article in a Web Magazine Provide the author name, article name in quotation marks, title of the Web magazine in italics, publisher name, publication date, medium of publication, and the date of access. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if not publishing date is given. Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug Web. 4 May 2009.

58 Works Cited: Article / Part of a Website Format: Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Document." Title of Internet Site. Publisher or Sponsor of site, Day Month Year of Source. Publication Medium. Day Month Year of access. <include URL/web address only if source cannot be located without it or if instructor requires it>.

59 Works Cited: An Image (Including a Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph) from a website Provide the artist's name, the work of art italicized, the date of creation, the institution and city where the work is housed. Follow this initial entry with the name of the Website in italics, the medium of publication, and the date of access. Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid. Museo National del Prado. Web. 22 May Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Artchive. Web. 22 May If the work is cited on the web only, then provide the name of the artist, the title of the work, the medium of the work, and then follow the citation format for a website. If the work is posted via a username, use that username for the author. brandychloe. "Great Horned Owl Family." Photograph. Webshots. American Greetings, 22 May Web. 5 Nov

60 Works Cited: Image or Photo on Website If using a work of formal visual art, like a painting or a sculpture, italicize the Image Title.

61 Works Cited: An Article in an Online Scholarly Journal For all online scholarly journals, provide the author(s) name(s), the name of the article in quotation marks, the title of the publication in italics, all volume and issue numbers, and the year of publication. Article in an Online-only Scholarly Journal MLA requires a page range for articles that appear in Scholarly Journals. If the journal you are citing appears exclusively in an online format (i.e. there is no corresponding print publication) that does not make use of page numbers, use the abbreviation n. pag. to denote that there is no pagination for the publication. Dolby, Nadine. Research in Youth Culture and Policy: Current Conditions and Future Directions. Social Work and Society: The International Online-Only Journal 6.2 (2008): n. pag. Web. 20 May 2009.

62 Works Cited Page: Other Personal Interview Example: Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec Speech Example: Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference. Purdue University. Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23 May Keynote address.

63 Works Cited Page: Other Film Example: The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, Film.

64 Works Cited: An Interview Interviews typically fall into two categories: print or broadcast published and unpublished (personal) interviews, although interviews may also appear in other, similar formats such as in format or as a Web document. Personal Interviews Personal interviews refer to those interviews that you conduct yourself. List the interview by the name of the interviewee. Include the descriptor Personal interview and the date of the interview. Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec

65 Works Cited: Interview Format: Last Name, First Name of Person Being Interviewed. Type of Interview. Day Month Year of Interview.

66 Works Cited: Online-only Published Interviews List the interview by the name of the interviewee. If the interview has a title, place it in quotation marks. Cite the remainder of the entry as you would other exclusive Web content. Place the name of the Website in italics, give the publisher name (or sponsor), the publication date, the medium of publication (Web), and the date of access. Remember that if no publisher name is give, insert the abbreviation n.p. Note: If the interview from which you quote does not feature a title, add the descriptor Interview (unformatted) after the interviewee s name. You may also use the descriptor Interview by to add the name of the interview to the entry if it is relevant to your paper. Zinkievich, Craig. Interview by Gareth Von Kallenbach. Skewed & Reviewed. Skewed & Reviewed, Web. 15 Mar

67 Works Cited: (including Interviews) Give the author of the message, followed by the subject line in quotation marks. State to whom to message was sent, the date the message was sent, and the medium of publication. Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature. Message to the author. 15 Nov Neyhart, David. "Re: Online Tutoring." Message to Joe Barbato. 1 Dec

68 Works Cited: Speeches, Lectures, or Other Oral Presentations (including Conference Presentations) Provide the speaker s name. Then, give the title of the speech (if any) in quotation marks. Follow with the name of the meeting and organization, the location of the occasion, and the date. Use the descriptor that appropriately expresses the type of presentation (e.g., Address, Lecture, Reading, Keynote Speech, Guest Lecture, Conference Presentation). Remember to use the abbreviation n.p. if the publisher is not known; use n.d. if the date is not known. Stein, Bob. "Computers and Writing Conference Presentation." Purdue University. Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23 May Keynote Address.

69 Works Cited: A Listserv, Discussion Group, or Blog Posting Cite Web postings as you would a standard Web entry. Provide the author of the work, the title of the posting in quotation marks, the Web site name in italics, the publisher, and the posting date. Follow with the medium of publication and the date of access. Include screen names as author names when author name is not known. If both names are known, place the author s name in brackets. Remember if the publisher of the site is unknown, use the abbreviation n.p. Editor, screen name, author, or compiler name (if available). Posting Title. Name of Site. Version number (if available). Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Medium of publication. Date of access. Salmar1515 [Sal Hernandez]. Re: Best Strategy: Fenced Pastures vs. Max Number of Rooms? BoardGameGeek. BoardGameGeek, 29 Sept Web. 5 Apr

70 Works Cited: Films or Movies List films (in theaters or not yet on DVD or video) by their title. Include the name of the director, the film studio or distributor, and the release year. If relevant, list performer names after the director s name. Use the abbreviation perf. to head the list. List film as the medium of publication. The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, Film. To emphasize specific performers (perf.) or directors (dir.), begin the citation with the name of the desired performer or director, followed by the appropriate abbreviation. Lucas, George, dir. Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Twentieth Century Fox, Film.

71 Works Cited: Recorded Films or Movies List films by their title. Include the name of the director, the distributor, and the release year. If relevant, list performer names after the director s name. Use the abbreviation perf. to head the list. End the entry with the appropriate medium of publication (e.g. DVD, VHS, Laser disc). Ed Wood. Dir. Tim Burton. Perf. Johnny Depp, Martin Landau, Sarah Jessica Parker, Patricia Arquette. Touchstone, DVD.

72 Works Cited: Recorded Movie-DVD or Videocassette Format: Name of Movie. Dir. DIRECTOR'S NAME. Perf. NAME OF KEY PERFORMERS. original year of release if given. Distributer, copyright year. Publication medium.

73 Works Cited: Recorded Television Episodes (e.g. DVD, Videocassette) Cite recorded television episodes like films (see above). Begin with the episode name in quotation marks. Follow with the series name in italics. When the title of the collection of recordings is different than the original series (e.g., the show Friends is in DVD release under the title Friends: The Complete Sixth Season), list the title that would be help researchers locate the recording. Give the distributor name followed by the date of distribution. End with the medium of publication (e.g. DVD, Videocassette, Laser disc). Note: The writer may choose to include information about directors, writers, performers, producers between the title and the distributor name. Use appropriate abbreviations for these contributors (e.g. dir., writ., perf., prod.). "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry." Friends: The Complete Sixth Season. Writ. Andrew Reich and Ted Cohen. Dir. Kevin Bright. Warner Brothers, DVD.

74 Works cited: Broadcast Television or Radio Program Begin with the title of the episode in quotation marks. Provide the name of the series or program in italics. Also include the network name, call letters of the station followed by the city, and the date of broadcast. End with the publication medium (e.g. Television, Radio). For television episodes on Videocassette or DVD refer to the Recorded Television Episodes section below. "The Blessing Way." The X-Files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta. 19 Jul Television.

75 Works Cited: Sound Recordings List sound recordings in such a way that they can easily be found by readers. Generally, citations begin with the artist name. They might also be listed by composers (comp.) or performers (perf.). Otherwise, list composer and performer information after the album title. Use the appropriate abbreviation after the person s name and a comma, when needed. Put individual song titles in quotation marks. Album names are italicized. Provide the name of the recording manufacturer followed by the publication date (or n.d., if date is unknown). List the appropriate medium at the end of the entry (e.g. CD, LP, Audiocassette). For MP3 recordings, see the Digital Files section below. Note: If you know and desire to list the recording date, include this information before the manufacturer name. Use the abbreviation for recorded (Rec.) and list the recording date (dd mm year format) before the manufacturer name. Foo Fighters. In Your Honor. RCA, CD. Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind. Geffen, Audiocassette. Beethoven, Ludwig van. The 9 Symphonies. Perf. NBC Symphony Orchestra. Cond. Arturo Toscanini. RCA, CD.

76 Works Cited: Digital Files (PDFs, MP3s, JPEGs) Determine the type of work to cite (e.g., article, image, sound recording) and cite appropriately. End the entry with the name of the digital format (e.g., PDF, JPEG file, Microsoft Word file, MP3). If the work does not follow traditional parameters for citation, give the author s name, the name of the work, the date of creation, and the medium of publication. Use Digital file when the medium cannot be determined. Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata. Crownstar, MP3. Smith, George. Pax Americana: Strife in a Time of Peace Microsoft Word file. Council of Writing Program Administrators, National Council of Teachers of English, and National Writing Project. Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing. CWPA, NCTE, and NWP, PDF file. Bentley, Phyllis. Yorkshire and the Novelist. The Kenyon Review 30.4 (1968): JSTOR. PDF file.

77 Works Cited for This PowerPoint The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, Web. 15 Oct MLA---What Type of Material are You Citing? Spartanburg Community College.15 Oct Web. 15 Oct MLA Citation Style & Formatting. College of San Mateo Library. 3 Aug Web.15 Oct Research Databases. Kingwood High School Web. 15 Oct