Publishing Workshop - Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Luaine Bandounas, PhD Publisher Oceanography

Transcription

1 Publishing Workshop - Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Luaine Bandounas, PhD Publisher Oceanography L.Bandounas@elsevier.com

2 2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Choosing the right journal 3. Open Access 4. How to prepare your paper for submission 5. Coping with Peer Review 6. Research and Publication Ethics 7. Author Rights and how to promote your paper for maximum impact

3 The publishing cycle Editors Editorial boards Editorial assistants Journal Manager Recruitment & retention of Editors and Editorial boards Plagiarism detection software Develop Author Submission & Editorial Systems Manage over 1 million submissions each year The National Library of Netherlands Portico CLOCKSS Solicit and manage submissions Editors Editorial boards Journal Manager Independent referees Permanent preservation Independent archive Establish, cultivate and maintain journal reputation and quality Archive and preserve Manage peer review Facilitate finding appropriate referees Organise & manage the 1.4 M review reports completed per year Index & optimize for SEO enewsletters and alerts Platform development & enhancements Integrate and track metrics Support author s rights Still print and distribute paper copies Publish & disseminate ScienceDirect PubMed Marketing Production edit and prepare Journal manager Typesetters Copy editors Copyright registration and protection Editing & typesetting DOI registration & tagging for metadata Establishing links & hosting of supplementary data

4 4 Methods of dissemination Traditional print journals Electronic journal platforms ScienceDirect improve online dissemination and access Mobile apps Article feeds Podcasts Blogs

5 5 Other publishing models Traditional publishing Authors publish free of charge Institutions or individuals subscribe to journals Open access publishing Author (or institution/funding agency) pays an article publication fee Article is made freely available to all online Some journals publish exclusively open access Gold Open Access journals Other subscription journals offer open access options - hybrid journals

6 Choosing the right journal and writing for it.

7 7 Select the best journal for submission Look at your references these should help you narrow your choices. Review recent publications in each candidate journal. Find out the hot topics, the accepted types of articles, etc. Ask yourself the following questions: Is the journal peer-reviewed to the right level? Who is this journal s audience? What are the Aims and Scope of the journal? How fast does it make a decision or publish your paper? What are the various Impact metrics for the journal? Do you want/need to publish Open Access? Does it really exist or is dubious? (check for example Beall s List of Predatory Open Access Publishers) DO NOT gamble by submitting your manuscript to more than one journal at a time. - International ethics standards prohibit multiple/simultaneous submissions, and editors DO find out! (Trust us, they DO!)

8 View metric information about journal on journal homepage 8

9 9 Identify the right audience for your paper Identify the sector of readership/community for which a paper is meant Identify the interest of your audience Get advice from your university library team on where to publish Ask your supervisor or colleagues for recommendations

10 10 Bibliometric indicators Impact Factor Eigenfactor SJR SNIP H-Index

11 11 Impact Factor Ratio between citations and citable items published in a journal Year 2 Year 1 Citing Year Citations to nonsource items (editorials, letters, news items, book reviews, abstracts) may inflate the Impact Factor To all items (regardless of type) Only source items ( articles and reviews )

12 12 Impact Factor Cumulative contribution of articles with different citation rates to total journal impact % Citations Why the Impact Factor of journals should not be used for research Per O Seglen, Professor Institute for Studies in Research & Higher Education Oslo, Norway 20 0 % Articles

13 13 Impact Factor Citation rates to total journal impact Multidisciplinary Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Neuroscience Immunology & Microbiology Chemistry Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmaceutics Medicine Chemical Engineering Environmental Science Agricultural & Biological Sciences Psychology Earth & Planetary Science Materials Science Physics & Astronomy Nursing Health Professions Energy Computer Science Veterinary Engineering Mathematics Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences Business, Management & Accounting Arts & Humanities Aggregate journal impact factors across 25 fields of research

14 14 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) Year 3 Year 2 Year 1 Citing Year Freely available online via Scopus Measures contextual citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. Citation potential varies between journal subject categories or disciplines (e.g., journals in Mathematics tend to have lower values than journals in Life Sciences), but also between journals within the same subject category. Enables direct comparison of sources in different subject fields. The impact of a single citation is given higher value in subject areas where citations are less likely, and vice versa. E.g. basic journals tend to show higher citation potentials than applied or clinical journals. E.g. journals covering emerging topics tend to be higher than periodicals in classical subjects, or more general journals. Devised at the University of Leiden, currently the most sophisticated journal performance indicator

15 15 The H-Index Citations h h Hirsch, J. (August 2005) An index to quantify an individual s scientific research output Paper no. E.g. an author with an h index of 8, has published at least 8 papers in their career, and each of these 8 papers has been cited 8 or more times to date Available online via Scopus Rates individuals based on career publications Incorporates both quantity and quality Productivity and age constraints

16 Journal Finder 16

17 17

18 18 Planning your article Types of manuscripts Full articles Substantial, complete and comprehensive pieces of research Is my message sufficient for a full article? 2 year IF calculation Letters or short communications Quick and early communications Are my results so thrilling that they should be shown as soon as possible? Review papers Summaries of recent developments on a specific topic Often submitted by invitation Your supervisor or colleagues are also good sources for advice on manuscript types.

19 19 Your Journals list for this manuscript So you now have a list of candidate journals for your manuscript All authors of the submission agree to this list Write your draft as if you are going to submit to the first journal on your list. Use its Guide for Authors - these differ per journal

20 20 Preparing your manuscript Read Guide for Authors Again and again and again Find it on the journal homepage of the publisher Keep to the Guide for Authors in your manuscript even in the first draft (text layout, nomenclature, figures & tables, references etc.) It will save you time Editors (and reviewers) do not like wasting time on poorly prepared manuscripts. It is a sign of disrespect.

21 21 Why Is Language Important? Save your editor and reviewers the trouble of guessing what you mean Complaint from an editor: [This] paper fell well below my threshold. I refuse to spend time trying to understand what the author is trying to say. Besides, I really want to send a message that they can't submit garbage to us and expect us to fix it. My rule of thumb is that if there are more than 6 grammatical errors in the abstract, then I don't waste my time carefully reading the rest.

22 22 Scientific Language Overview Write with clarity, objectivity, accuracy, and brevity. Key to successful scientific writing is to be alert for common errors: Sentence construction Incorrect tenses Inaccurate grammar Not using English Check the Guide for Authors of the target journal for language specifications

23 23 Scientific Language Sentences Write direct and short sentences more professional looking. One idea or piece of information per sentence is sufficient. Avoid multiple statements in one sentence they are confusing to the reader.

24 Open access and licences

25 25 What is open access? Free and permanent access to scholarly research combined with clear guidelines (user licenses) for users to re-use the content. Gold open access After submission and peer review, an article publishing charge (APC) is payable Upon publication everyone can immediately and permanently access the article online Green open access After submission and peer review in a subscription journal, the article is published online Subscribers have immediate access and the article is made open access either through author self-archiving, publisher deposit or linking.

26 26 What is the difference? Gold Open Access Access Free public access to the final published article Access is immediate and permanent Fee Open access fee is paid by the author, or on their behalf (for example by a funding body) Green Open Access Free public access to a version of your article Time delay may apply (embargo period) No fee is payable by the author, as costs are covered by library subscriptions Use Determined by your user licence Authors retain the right to use their articles for a wide range of purposes Open versions of your article should have a user license attached Options Publish in an open access journal Publish in a journal that supports open access (also known as a hybrid journal) Link to your article. Selected journals feature open archives Self-archive a version of your article

27 Publishing gold open access 27

28 Understanding the fine print 28

29 29 Copyright Describes the rights related to the publication and distribution of research Publisher's need publishing rights This is determined by a publishing agreement between the author and publisher In subscription journals, it is normal to transfer copyright to the publisher In open access, authors retain copyright and grant publishers a license to publish their article.

30 30 User Licenses Describes how readers can use your article which may include commercial reuse Know your OA policies - some funders require specific licenses Be informed - you can t necessarily change your mind

31 Preparing your paper for submission

32 What is a strong manuscript? Has a novel, clear, useful, and exciting message Presented and constructed in a logical manner Reviewers and editors can grasp the scientific significance easily Editors and reviewers are all busy scientists. Make things easy to save their time.

33 Typical Structure of a Research Article Title Abstract Keywords Main text (IMRAD) Introduction Methods Results And Discussions Make them easy for indexing and searching! (informative, attractive, effective) Journal space is not unlimited. Your reader s time is scarce. Make your article as concise as possible - more difficult than you imagine! Conclusion Acknowledgement References Supplementary Data

34 The process of writing building the article Title & Abstract Conclusion Introduction Methods Results Discussion Figures/tables (your data)

35 Title A good title should contain the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of a paper. Effective titles Identify the main issue of the paper Begin with the subject of the paper Are accurate, unambiguous, specific, and complete Are as short as possible Articles with short, catchy titles are often better cited Do not contain rarely-used abbreviations Attract readers - Remember: readers are the potential authors who will cite your article 35

36 Keywords In an electronic world, keywords determine whether your article is found or not via search engines! Avoid making them too general ( ocean, fish, disease, etc.) too narrow (so that nobody will ever search for it) Effective approach: Look at the keywords of articles relevant to your manuscript Play with these keywords, and see whether they return relevant papers, neither too many nor too few a good guideline.

37 Abstract Tell readers what you did and the important findings One paragraph (between words) often, plus Highlight bullet points Advertisement for your article, and should encourage reading the entire paper A clear abstract will strongly influence if your work is considered further Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) of composition CxN(SO2CF3)2 δf are prepared under ambient conditions in 48% hydrofluoric acid, using K2MnF6 as an oxidizing reagent. The stage 2 GIC product structures are determined using powder XRD and modeled by fitting one dimensional electron density profiles. A new digestion method followed by selective fluoride electrode elemental analyses allows the determination of free fluoride within products, and the compositional x and δ parameters are determined for reaction times from 0.25 to 500 h. What has been done What are the main findings

38 Introduction The place to convince readers that you know why your work is relevant, also for them. General Answer a series of questions: What is the problem? Are there any existing solutions? Which one is the best? What is its main limitation? What do you hope to achieve? Specific 38

39 Pay attention to the following Before you present your new data, put them into perspective first Be brief, it is not a history lesson Do not mix introduction, results, discussion and conclusions. Keep them separate Do not overuse expressions such as novel, first time, first ever, paradigm shift, etc. Cite only relevant references Otherwise the editor and the reviewer may think you don t have a clue what you are writing about! 39

40 Methods / Experimental Include all important details so that the reader can repeat the work. Details that were previously published can be omitted but a general summary of those experiments should be included Give vendor names (and addresses) of equipment etc. used All chemicals must be identified Do not use proprietary, unidentifiable compounds without description. State purity and/or supplier if it is important. Present proper control experiments Avoid adding comments and discussion Write in the past tense Most journals prefer the passive voice, some the active. Consider use of Supplementary Materials Documents, spreadsheets, audio, video,... Reviewers will criticise incomplete or incorrect method descriptions, and may even recommend rejection 40

41 Results what have you found? The following should be included the main findings Thus not all findings. Decide what to share. Findings from experiments described in the Methods section Highlight findings that differ from findings in previous publications, and unexpected findings Results of the statistical analysis 41

42 Results Figures and tables Illustrations are critical, because: Figures and tables are the most efficient way to present results Results are the driving force of the publication Captions and legends must be detailed enough to make figures and tables self-explanatory Figures and tables should not need further explanation or description in text. Less writing and less reading. Let your figures do the work instead of words. "One Picture is Worth a Thousand Words" Sue Hanauer (1968)

43 Results appearance counts! Un-crowded plots 3 or 4 data sets per figure; well-selected scales; appropriate axis label size; symbols clear to read; data sets easily distinguishable. Each photograph must have a scale marker of professional quality in a corner. Text in photos / figures in English Not in French, German, Chinese, Korean,... Use colour ONLY when necessary. If different line styles can clarify the meaning, then never use colours or other thrilling effects. If used, colour must be visible/distinguishable when printed in black & white. Do not include long boring tables!

44 Discussion what do your results mean? It is the most important section of your article. Here you get the chance to SELL your data! Many manuscripts are rejected because the Discussion is weak Check for the following: Do your results relate to the original question or objectives outlined in the Introduction section? Do you provide interpretation for each of your results presented? Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported? Or are there any differences? Why? Are there any limitations? Does the discussion logically lead to your conclusion? Do not: Make statements that go beyond what the results can support Suddenly introduce new terms or ideas 44

45 Conclusions Present global and specific conclusions Indicate uses and extensions if appropriate Suggest future experiments and indicate whether they are underway Do not summarise the paper The abstract is for that purpose 45

46 46 Acknowledgements Advisors Financial supporters and funders Proof readers and typists Suppliers who may have donated materials Reviewers anonymous or known

47 References: get them right! Please adhere to the Guide for Authors of the journal It is your responsibility, not of the Editor s, to format references correctly! Get help, save time - use Reference management software e.g. Mendeley (free reference manager and academic social network) Check Referencing style of the journal The spelling of author names, the year of publication Punctuation use Avoid citing the following if possible: Personal communications, unpublished observations, manuscripts not yet accepted for publication Articles published only in the local language, which are difficult for international readers to find 47

48 48 Preparing a Cover Letter Your chance to address the Editor directly Sell your work - WHY did you submit the manuscript to THIS journal? Do not summarize your manuscript, or repeat the abstract Mention special requirements, e.g. if you do not wish your manuscript to be reviewed by certain reviewers; conflicts of interest Declare whether the current manuscript is based on previously-published (conference) paper(s) and how it has been (significantly) extended/altered Although most editors will not reject a manuscript only because the cover letter is bad, a good cover letter may accelerate the editorial process of your paper

49 49 Suggest potential reviewers Your suggestions may help the Editor to pass your manuscript to the review stage more efficiently NOTE: this does not mean that the editor will definitely choose the reviewers you have suggested, but he might use 1 and choose another of his own reviewers The reviewers should represent at least two regions of the world They should not be your supervisor, direct colleagues at the same institute or close friends Try to use an institutional address for the reviewer if possible Generally you are requested to provide 3-6 potential reviewers. Check the Guide for Authors

50 50 Preparing your article Make it more discoverable Search Engine Optimization (SEO) SEO, will help your article appear higher in the results returned by search engines like Google. Title Authors Link Abstract with keywords in context Keywords Use strong, descriptive keywords in titles and headings Interlink your paper with other content on the web e.g. other papers by proper citation; linking to data repositories Make sure the authorship information is complete and correct Pay special attention to the captions of images and tables, including strong keywords there as well.

51 51 Maximize the impact of your paper Content innovations See Guide for authors for options available Integrated digital content, such as interactive maps, Matlab figure Viewer, interactive plots Readers can explore & interact with data, download the full data set to facilitate validation and re-use

52 52 Preparing your article High Quality Graphical Abstracts Linking with data repositories Highlights Embedded video

53 53 Questions so far? Quick break. When we return: 1. Coping with peer review 2. Research & Publication Ethics Get it Right 3. Author Rights 4. Promoting your research for maximum impact

54 Coping with Peer Review A survival guide Luaine Bandounas, PhD

55 It seems like this!

56 56 Why do reviewers review? One of the main reasons is a sense of duty to the research community of which they are part of. Reviewing articles is often seen as giving something back to the community. Since reviewers are also authors, they understand the importance of playing their part as a reviewer within that community. Value from mentoring young researchers Enjoyment in reviewing General interest in the area Awareness of new research and developments before their peers Career development Help with own research or new ideas Association with journals and Editors Keep updated with latest developments

57 57 Peer review models Open peer review - Reviewer and author are known to each other. Some believe this is the best way to prevent malicious comments, stop plagiarism, prevent reviewers from following their own agenda, and encourage open, honest reviewing. Others see open review as a less honest process, in which politeness or fear of retribution may cause a reviewer to withhold or tone down criticism. Single-blind review - The names of the reviewers are hidden from the author. This is the traditional method of reviewing and is the most common type by far. Reviewer anonymity allows for impartial decisions the reviewers will not be influenced by the authors. Authors may be concerned that reviewers in their field could delay publication, giving the reviewers a chance to publish first. Reviewers may use their anonymity as justification for being unnecessarily critical or harsh when commenting on the authors work. Double-blind review - Both the reviewer and the author are anonymous. Author anonymity prevents any reviewer bias, for example based on an author's country of origin or previous controversial work. Articles written by prestigious or renowned authors are considered on the basis of the content of their papers, rather than their reputation. Reviewers can often identify the author through their writing style, subject matter or self-citation.

58 The Peer Review Process is not a black hole! Author Editor Reviewer START Submit a paper Basic requirements met? [Yes] [No] Assign reviewers Collect reviewers recommendations Review and give recommendation Revise the paper REJECT [Reject] [Revision required] [Accept] Make a decision Michael Derntl. Basics of Research Paper Writing and Publishing. ACCEPT

59 Initial Editorial Review or Desk Reject Many journals use a system of initial editorial review. Editors may reject a manuscript without sending it out for review. Why? The peer-review system is grossly overloaded and editors wish to use reviewers only for those papers with a good probability of acceptance. It is a disservice to ask reviewers to spend time on work that has clear and evident deficiencies.

60 First Decision: Accepted or Rejected Accepted Very rare, but it happens Congratulations! Cake for the department Now wait for page proofs and then for your article to be online and in print Rejected Probability 40-90%... Do not despair It happens to everybody Try to understand WHY Consider reviewers advice Be self-critical If you submit to another journal, begin as if it were a new manuscript Take advantage of the reviewers comments and revise accordingly They may review your manuscript for the next journal too! Read the Guide for Authors of the new journal, again and again.

61 The Peer Review Process revisions Author Editor Reviewer START Submit a paper Basic requirements met? [Yes] [No] Assign reviewers Collect reviewers recommendations Review and give recommendation Revise the paper REJECT [Reject] [Revision required] [Accept] Make a decision Michael Derntl. Basics of Research Paper Writing and Publishing. ACCEPT

62 First Decision: Major or Minor Revision Major revision The manuscript might be published in the journal Significant deficiencies must be corrected before acceptance Usually involves (significant) textual modifications and/or additional experiments Minor revision Basically, the manuscript is worth being published Some elements in the manuscript must be clarified, restructured, shortened (often) or expanded (rarely) Textual adaptations Minor revision does NOT guarantee acceptance after revision, but often it is accepted if all points are addressed!

63 Manuscript Revision Prepare a detailed Response Letter Copy-paste each reviewer comment, and type your response below it State specifically which changes you have made to the manuscript - Include page/line numbers - No general statements like Comment accepted, and Discussion changed accordingly. Provide a scientific response to comments to accept, or a convincing, solid and polite rebuttal when you feel the reviewer was wrong. Write in such a manner, that your response can be forwarded to the reviewer without prior editing Do not do yourself a disfavour, but cherish your work You spent weeks and months in the lab or the library to do the research It took you weeks to write the manuscript......why then run the risk of avoidable rejection by not taking manuscript revision seriously?

64 64 Reviewer appreciation Recognition for reviewers Reviewer Recognition Platform Reviewers can collect discounts, certificates, badges Free 30-day access to Scopus Free 30-day access to ScienceDirect

65 Research & Publication Ethics Get it Right

66 66 The problem There are huge career pressures & advantages to success in research & publication - (publish or perish mentality) Education on Ethics has been weak Fraud & Malpractice is widespread & has often gone undetected Individual & institutional actions & responses have often been weak (brush the problem under the carpet, avoid embarrassment) Fraud & malpractice has been made much easier: By the massive expansion of journal titles By the internationalisation of research & journals

67 67 Types of Ethics Complaints Fabrication of data or cases Wilful falsification of data Plagiarism No ethics approval Not admitting missing data Incomplete referencing No data on side effects Gift authorship Redundant publication Duplicate submission FFP QRP serious FFP = Falsification, Fabrication, Plagiarism QRP= Questionable Research Practice

68 68 What is plagiarism? Definition: to pass off another s ideas and/or words as one s own, without acknowledging the source. Can be blatant word-for-word copying or paraphrasing If a publisher publishes plagiarised material, they are violating the rights of the copyright owner Ignorance is not an excuse but may be a factor in determining the severity of sanction Re-hashing (parts of) your own published articles is known as self-plagiarism

69 69 Which rules are clearer than others? The clear rules, widely accepted Don t copy Don t pass off the work of others as your own Do genuine research! (not fraud) The grayer areas of rules: The various degrees of authorship What level of interests must be disclosed with respect to conflicts, and how are they disclosed? Self-plagiarism

70 70 Detection 2 plagiarism detection schemes: ithenticate s Turnitin (for universities) & CrossCheck (for publishers and corporations) Manuscripts are checked against a database of 20 million peer reviewed articles which have been donated by 50+ publishers, including Elsevier. All post-1994 Elsevier journal content is included, and pre-1995 content is being added week-by-week Editors and reviewers Your own colleagues Other whistleblowers The walls have ears", it seems...

71 71 Detection the worst case of plagiarism The Editor in Chief of IJP had sent a paper to a reviewer for evaluation. He recommended it for publication BUT Several months later a paper with the same text and title with some altered phrases in the introduction was submitted to another journal by that reviewer who had replaced the names and addresses of the authors with his own. The ultimate copy and paste!

72 72 Consequences You get away with it: increasingly unlikely in the long term The fraud is detected: The paper is retracted The action is registered & you are put on a watch list (e.g. Retraction Watch) Your institution may take effective action, damaging or ending your career Your behaviour may come to light in the media The public regulatory authorities may become involved, with increasing international awareness & action

73 An article in which the authors committed plagiarism: it will not be removed ever. Everybody who downloads it will see the reason for the retraction

74 74 What gets plagiarized? Words (language) Ideas Findings Writings Computer programs Graphic representations Graphs Illustrations Diagrams Information Lectures Printed material Electronic material Any other original work created by someone else. Higher Education Academy, UK

75 75 Plagiarism is high amongst ethics issues Sample of cases reported to Elsevier publishing staff in 2010

76 76 How to avoid Plagiarism: Correct citation is key Crediting the work of others (including your advisor s or your own previous work) by citation is important for at least three reasons: to place your own work in context, and to acknowledge the findings of others on which you have built your research To maintain the credibility and accuracy of the scientific literature Previously we (Attwood and Florence, 2002) reported that the The work of Illum and Davis (1988) drew attention to.. The discovery of liposomes and their potential by Bangham (1966) has led..

77 77 Self Citations What is acceptable use of your earlier material? You must mention all your relevant previous work briefly and give citations. Do not be selective or only mention a few papers due to space or modesty. Reproducing your earlier published figures or tables needs permission from the publisher of the original article even though you probably made the figure or table yourself. This is because of copyright (or ) Request permission here

78 78 Unacceptable use of your earlier material Self Plagiarism or Duplicate Publishing Do not mention your previous work without a citation. Do not take blocks of text and reuse them in your next paper. Readers have the expectation of originality. Reusing material previously published by yourself without citation is called duplicate publishing, self-plagiarism, redundant publication, or recycling fraud. Is it possible to republish my foreign language article in English? Yes, if done correctly.

79 79 Conclusion Never be tempted! If in doubt, cite your source - even if the original authors have passed away While drafting your papers, do not cut and paste to save time - you may forget what you have taken from where If you suspect you have detected plagiarism you must report it. Then we can rely on the literature and on the scientific community to relay the truth, which is after all our mission.

80 Authorship

81 81 Authorship An author is generally considered to be someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study. Author list and order of names must be established at beginning ICMJE guidelines Contributor statement explains each author's contribution Head of department automatically on author list? Co-author or mentioned in acknowledgements? How to handle authorship disputes: a guide for new researchers. Tim Albert, Elizabeth Wager Some groups list authors alphabetically, sometimes with a note to explain that all authors made equal contributions to the study and the publication. If so, make sure it is clear to the editor.

82 82 Authorship: Do s and don ts General principles for who is listed first: First Author: Conducts and/or supervises the data analysis and the proper presentation and interpretation of the results Puts paper together and submits the paper to journal Co-Author(s): Makes intellectual contributions to the data analysis and contributes to data interpretation Reviews each paper draft Must be able to present the results, defend the implications and discuss study limitations Abuses to be avoided: Ghost Authors: Leaving out authors who should be included Scientific Writers and Gift Authors: Including authors when they did not contribute significantly. Co-author vs Acknowledgement? Be consistent in how you write the authors names.

83 83 Contributor statement examples: Many journals request a contributor statement declaring the author contributions. Strict definitions of authorship (for example those of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) do not always allow for more complex studies involving large numbers of collaborators or legitimate contributors who make a significant contribution but are not involved in all aspects of the study (for example statisticians). By using a contributor statement, it allows a more nuanced declaration of the precise contribution of each author. Example 1: AA developed the theory and methods for coastal restoration. BB and CC did analyses of natural systems and causes of erosion. DD, EE, FF and GG developed socio-economic framework and aquaculture context. AA, EE and GG explored EO images for erosion. Initial set-up of manuscript was done by AA. All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript. Example 2: Drs. X, Y and Z were involved in study design and inception. Dr. A, B and C were involved in data collection, statistical analyses and interpretations. All authors were involved in manuscript preparation and revision.

84 84 Authorship disputes Must be resolved by authors Editors will not get involved Will delay publication as editor has to get agreement from all authors about any changes After publication - will be published as a correction, but needs agreement from all authors with justification

85 85 What do you do if you, as an author, are a victim of ethical abuse? Plagiarism: If your paper has been plagiarised, contact the Editor of the journal the other article appeared in. Contact the Publisher of the journal your article appeared in they often hold copyright and so can help you. Retractions of plagiarising papers do take place when the ethical breach is discovered or confirmed. Missing as co-author: If you think that you should be a co-author, quickly contact the Editor of the journal in which the paper appeared. Papers get corrected by publishing Corrigenda or Errata to reflect such changes.

86 Author Rights & Promoting your research for maximum impact

87 87 Elsevier author rights Teaching: allowed to make copies of the article for use in classroom teaching Scholarly sharing: copies of the article can be shared with research colleagues Educational materials: article can be included in the author s institution or company e-course packs or company training Meetings/conferences: article can be presented and copies can be made for attendees Further works: article can be used in compilations, expanded to book-form, or used in thesis or dissertation Patent and trademark rights: for any invention disclosed or product identified

88 88 Other allowances and restrictions (I) Elsevier s posting allowances: Pre-print version of article to internet websites Revised personal version of text of final article to author s personal or institutional website or server According to funding body agreements (e.g. Wellcome Trust, HHMI, NIH) For more information on how to share the various versions of your manuscript (e.g. pre-print, accepted manuscript and final published version) please see here:

89 89 Other restrictions Elsevier s commercial purpose prohibitions Posting by companies for customers to use Placing advertisements against the postings Charging fees for access to postings or delivering postings to third parties Any form of systematic distribution of the article

90 90 Publication of your article Free app for smartphones and tablets that highlights your article to users on the basis of search terms. Readers can preview your article abstract in-app, then send the full text link to their inbox To combat the challenges posed by the many versions of a same article that can exist on the web, publishers have banded together with CrossRef to create the CrossMark identification service by clicking on the logo readers will be directed to the most recent version available.

91 91 Explain your paper in your own words - Audioslides AudioSlides are free to access and easy to share, independently from the article, with colleagues, bloggers and on social media including YouTube.

92 92 Promoting your article Conferences Prepare to network Also connect online Online poster Media relations Your institution s communication s channels Contact your editor or you can send an to: researchcomm@elsevier.com Share links to your article Customized short link with free access for 50 days (share with colleagues, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Mendeley) Link from university website to boost SEO

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95 95 Download your personalized Certificate of Completion for this workshop now! Enter the unique code: CIXNGA at As a new visitor, you will be prompted to register before completing a short survey about the workshop and downloading your certificate. Need help? Send to publishingcampus@elsevier.com

96 Thank you Elsevier Publishing Campus Information about publishing in journals Luaine Bandounas, PhD Publisher Oceanography