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1 VOLUME E 6 No. I FALL 2004 REC10NALJSM, RECIONALJSM, Fl FISHIRII~, S \"\11) 1) ENVIRON\IENT/\l. E N \IENTi\L CHAt! I I :\(,I ~ I~ IIIE PACIFIC ljp-.---._ ~([jv,-~r"illl~l \1 11 s ( 0' ''''r ~... L)icSL2

2 OF I. INTRODUCTION II. REGIONAL ORGANIZA nons AND AGREEMENTS IN THE PACIFIC A. the B. C. D. E. Lon~mt~w,~..., ""'..., , Geosciences Commission Is There a III. FISHERY ORGANIZATIONS AND AGREEMENTS IN THE PACIFIC A. The Forum 153 B. The C. The 1995 Fish Stocks D. The Honolulu Convention IV. HAzARDOUS AND RADIOACTIVE W ASTE8-THE TREA TV OF W AIGANI William S. Richardson School of of Hawai'i at Manoa. The author the assistance the research and of this member of the class at Manoa.

3 V. SEA TRANSPORT OF ULTRAHAZARDOUS RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS VI. Low FREQUENCY ACT1VE SONAR VII. SELECTED MARITIME BOUNDARIES IN THE PACIFIC A. United States and Samoa Problem Island Problem Areas-Swains Island B. and 170 C. and New 171 D. and Niue E. and the Cook Islands F. Northern Mariana J~'un...,..., G H. Islands l and 175 J. and Kiribati K. United States and Kiribati 176 VIII. LESSONS LEARNED I. 1. See pelller('fllv the United and A/liliated 2. Covenant to a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana in Political Union with the United States of set out under 48 U.S.C. note ), in 15 I.L.M. 651

4 6: Chall,emzoes in SAN DIEGO INTL L.J. University of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection

5 5. Cicin-Sain & South Seas: The Impact lof dis!;ert!tion. Duke UniiveI'sitv )) University of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection

6 6: t:h~alle~ng~~s in SAN DIEGO OO'L L.J. matters. available at h 8. The Secretariat was orlj;pjllllly but now is

7 Co.nv~mtlfon on D Island States to Preserve and y:i~ ~...,u FOR THE SEAS IN THE 21sT M. Van Durwood

8 6: l:hall,eml'es in SAN DIEGO INT'L L.J. 1.

9 18. POllution, Feb. Emnro'nment of the Baltic Sea DUlItW()oD.c..1'IJc,JL...I'I..Ic., INrERNA TIONAL ljumpldg of Wastes and

10 6: (;nalllem!'es in SAN DIEGO INT'L L.J the at Resources and F.nllJirl1mm:p.nt in FREEDOM FOR THE Annual supra note 17, at 7. The 27 supra note South Pacific Rei1~onal Ma.na$!;ing the 1<'1InJirlllnmpnt Ihe;reilllaftler Action units are listed

11 3. at 35. Some donors contribute to particular SPREP's ENVIRONMENT ENV'TNE 33. Tamari'j Tutang;ata, at Action Plan, supra note at II,

12 6: DIEGO INT'L L.l. 4. Is a 1-'1'1,...'71'... /\/,rnrjnp resources. A. IN THE PACIFIC note 4. at 132. This conclusion was reached in Mark NOl"thf~a.~t and Southeast Asia, 31 TSBlme.nvi. supra Dote 4, at 136. [d. at United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Dec. 10, J 982, U.N. Doc.

13 l"prli",int4uj in 21 I.L.M I hereirlafiier Law of the Sea Governance and

14 6: cnallem'!es in SAN DIEGO INT'L LJ. A Forum Fisheries

15

16 6: Chall,em~es in SAN DIEGO INT'L L.J. 51. This section is Resources-In a Time COMMON HERITAGE AND t:.mieriginig... nl'u~j.,<::.il"'.. U~i:I see also Jon M. Van 11 [NT'L J. Mti!ra~'(Jrv

17 55. to attain the maximum sustainable abundance of a sometimes one-half or twc)-ulll'<lls. the stock in unforeseeable ways also will have an (!urnrna1l"u "precauti<)na:ry a)lpr<)aclf" in the context of the as follows: six main elelmellts: resources, and preserve the unc:ero!inty;abs~ceofadeq~re A(JrreE~mE~llt_ supra intie>mlatlon; need to

18 6: 58. Co:nv(mti.on. supra note note 52. classification as a aec:lsllcm-malktn:g. and

19 the which esta,blished two "ch,amber:s" C()nSllstlllg the Commission and that each chamber three-fourths with the that no OfODos,al three votes in 63. Convention to Ban the ImJ)ortaticm into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to the Movement and Manag:ement of Hazardous Wastes Within the South available at httr,'/hllll\lllw Austl. T.S. No. of this see Jon M. Van Ultrahazardous Radioactive Mntp.rtnl!.:

20 6: SAN DIEGO M'L LJ.

21 70. [d. at Letter Don New Zealand Minister of to Michael Szabo The consequences an accident invnlvina radioactive materials would be so address nnc,elhlop> Affairs and access to for

22 6: c.;hauenj~es in SAN DIEGO OO'L L.J. a that "the cause which we cannot rule

23 to release the maximum source level of SUR TASS indicate the maximum source level Strand -... "".~."' four statutes are the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the National

24 6: cnall,em'!es in SAN DIEGO INT'L L.J. Act, and the Administrative

25 into the result in bazards to and other for use of sea water and The 88. SOUND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH rju.ju,ki\m. at

26 6: 143. l;halljenj.~es in SAN DIEGO INT'L LJ. 91. Am. Samoa De1l1cl()pITlent 1-'1!'111nlT10' UelveIG'pm'e11l Plan American Samoa /979-/984. III U.S. Census Bureau, supra note 90. In Samoa was divided into Western Samoa and Samoa 171 west longittlde, with... u;uu,tluy acclulrmg Western Samoa in return for claims in and West Africa to JOHN W. HART HISTORY OF SAMOA J.R.V. Prescott, Maritime Boundaries Southwest Ocean. in THE LAW OF THE SEA AND OCEAN DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN THE P ACIFJC BASIN 498 Miles & Scott Id. This distance is measured on Tafahi Island. 95. {d. 96. See Broder & Van 97. W. \;'u."... "", coinplrise most of the square miles. are near the Western Samoa on Savari Island to the nearest Sayan and for The rest t of U.N. Doc. the 9.

27 1. & Lewis M. Alexander

28 6: c..:hauien~~es in SAN DIEGO OO'L l.j State Bureau of Oceans and Int'I Envtl. and Scientific No. 119-Maritime United at 2 Lheireililaftler Limits in the Seas No. available at hth, II'V1l11'lJU' ld Tokelau administration. which was onl~ml:uly incllud(:d was then known as..."..,.,,,,,n::.o. under New Zealand on Swains Union at The the Gilbert and EUice OK(~la\l-Sl:Vle homes. [d. at J. Deilimitation of the Maritime Rnlllnrii!'illl"V Between the United producmgup ld. at Articles 46 and 47 of the Law of the Sea COl1Velrltion. '"States" to declare themselves to be archipelal~oes. ind.ep(:nd4imt, it is foreclosed from were inte:rpn~ted to include itself to it would have to exclude Rose and test in Article [d.

29 utilizes Letter from A David A. Are We Now? in THE LAW OF THE SEA: WHAT LIES \..,.UIUJ;f.ClU. Jr. ed.. Prescott, supra note at Where A.

30 6: Lnall,em2'es in SAN DIEGO lnt'll.j. D. maritime between American Samoa and miles T.l.A.S. No The "that the United exercises sovereienltv American Samoa and that New Tokelau of the island pre!;ently American " 1 INT'L 120. Mark B. Feldman & David 7S AM. J. INT'l L. 749 The United States conltlrrned colll1petence to a maritime hnll1l1i1l'11rv note at 2. would extend for 72 nautical the United the at 124. A Limits Relations Co:mnlittc~e rescheduled Limits ill the Seas No. J 19, supra note 107.

31 F..l:'mmc1~lhlp and Delimitation of the Maritime Hn1!lnn~rv No.. 1 INT'l MARITIME.tliUlUNlJARIl~S. at (NT'l MARJTIME, BOUNDARIES. supra note at 987. Id. ld. at 986. [d. Feldman & Colson, supra note at 748. Id. at 753 n.95.

32 6: cnau,emz-es in SAN DIEGO tnt'l L.J. outsta.ndilng situations would there seem to be api)ro,[lch hmmnrlrv should be detennined. ular resource to establish the b01;lndlmes. J. l,j"'h,j.u''''. maritime boundaries in these arise or as interest in the of Rhode Island, 135. See. at. See Van 137. FaraUon on Marine UPIPortunltles. Korea Maritime Institute and Universi1tv Mana,,~emellt Council. PAC. ISLANDS FISHERY NEWS,

33 138. Northwestern Hawaiian 140. and COlllUnc::ntalry and the at httjl:l/nls.g4)v.~~dletajils.hltmllla<!1~ ".,,'.t... Feb. 20,

34 6: Challlem:~es in SAN DIEGO INT'L LJ. I U.S. Central supra note ld ld See Burl Panala 'au, HONOLULU STAR-BULL., at DI Colson. supra note 111. at 469.

35 W. Pac. Prescott, '-...,". supra note W. Pac. '-'UI~I.iU. supra note {d PAC. ISLANDS Y.B W. Pac ""...,... supra note

36 6: Challlem~es in SAN DIEGO INT'L L.J. 177

37