Interventional Neurology

Transcription

1 Interventional Neurology 5(3 4) (2016) print ISSN online e-issn /ine Interventional Neurology S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers Basel. Freiburg. Paris. London. New York. Chennai. New Delhi. Bangkok. Beijing. Shanghai. Tokyo. Kuala Lumpur. Singapore. Sydney Official Journal of:

2 9 th Annual Meeting & 4 th Annual Stroke Center Workshop November 16-19, 2016 SUBMIT YOUR ABSTRACT FOR SVIN 2016! New York Marriott at the Brooklyn Bridge Brooklyn, New York F16311

3 Official Journal of the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN) Founded 2013 by X. Liu and M.G. Hennerici Editors Xinfeng Liu Jinling Hospital Nanjing University Nanjing, China Michael G. Hennerici Department of Neurology University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany Raul G. Nogueira Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center Grady Memorial Hospital Atlanta, Ga. SVIN Representative Dileep R. Yavagal Associate Editors A. Abou-Chebl, Louisville, Ky. A. Dávalos, Barcelona A.J. Furlan, Cleveland, Ohio R. Gupta, Atlanta, Ga. R. Higashida, San Francisco, Calif. T.N. Nguyen, Boston, Mass. M. Ribo, Barcelona G. Xu, Nanjing S. Yoshimura, Hyogo Editorial Board A.V. Alexandrov, Birmingham, Ala. J. Bogousslavsky, Montreux R.C. Edgell, St. Louis, Mo. A. Harloff, Freiburg V. Janardhan, Plano, Tex. T. Jovin, Pittsburgh, Pa. P. Khatri, Cincinnati, Ohio T. Leung, Hong Kong D.S. Liebeskind, Los Angeles, Calif. A.R. Massaro, São Paulo Z. Miao, Beijing R. Novakovic, Dallas, Tex. N.S. Rost, Boston, Mass. J.L. Saver, Los Angeles, Calif. M. Selim, Boston, Mass. K.N. Sheth, New Haven, Conn. B. Yan, Parkville, Vic. D.R. Yavagal, Miami, Fla. O.O. Zaidat, Toledo, Ohio Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck, Ettenheim

4 Guidelines for Authors Submission Manuscripts written in English are considered and should be submitted online at: /ine All manuscripts must be accompanied by a cover letter and a copyright transfer statement signed by the corresponding author on behalf of all authors. Conditions All manuscripts are subject to editorial review. Manuscripts are received with the explicit understanding that they are not under simultaneous consideration by any other publication. Submission of an article for publication implies transfer of the copyright from the author to the publisher upon acceptance. Accepted papers become the permanent property of Interventional Neurology and may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the written consent of the publisher. It is the author s responsibility to obtain permission to reproduce illustrations, tables, etc. from other publications. Types of Articles Editorials Original Papers Reviews Reviews in which a specific field is reviewed through an exhaustive literature survey. An Abstract is required and should be divided into Background, Summary and Key Messages. Review Articles should consist of a maximum of 4,000 words. Disclosure Statement Authors are required to disclose any sponsorship or funding arrangements relating to their research and all authors should disclose any possible conflicts of interest. Disclosure statements will be published at the end of the text of the article. Ethics Published research must comply with the guidelines for human studies and animal welfare regulations. Authors should state that subjects have given their informed consent and that the study protocol has been approved by the institute s committee on human research. Further, they should also state that animal experiments conform to institutional standards. Authors are required to declare the approval codes obtained from the corresponding ethical committee on human and/or animal research. Plagiarism Policy Whether intentional or not, plagiarism is a serious violation. We define plagiarism as a case in which a paper reproduces another work with at least 25% similarity and without citation. If evidence of plagiarism is found before/after acceptance or after publication of the paper, the author will be offered a chance for rebuttal. If the arguments are not found to be satisfactory, the manuscript will be retracted and the author sanctioned from publishing papers for a period to be determined by the responsible Editor(s). Arrangement The manuscript should conform to the following order: title page, abstract and key words, body, acknowledgments, references, figure legends, tables and figures. Manuscripts should be written in high-quality English suitable for effective communication to a professional medical audience. Authors who are not native speakers of English sometimes receive negative comments from referees or editors about the English-language usage in their manuscripts, and these problems can contribute to the decision to reject a paper. To help reduce the possibility of such problems, we strongly encourage such authors (i) to have their manuscript reviewed for clarity by a colleague whose native language is English and/or (ii) to use one of the many English language editing services that are available via the Web. All pages, including the figure legends, should be numbered in sequence, and the first author s name should appear at the upper right corner of each page. Papers not conforming to the journal style will be returned without review. Title page: The first page of each paper should indicate a concise title of no more than 150 characters, all authors names (first name and surname), authors institutional affiliations, and a short title for use as running head. Corresponding author: The exact postal address of author(s) to whom correspondence, proofs, and reprint requests should be sent, including the postal code, must be given at the bottom of the title page. Please also supply phone number and address. Abstract: Submit the abstract on a separate page. The abstract should be less than 300 words. Key words: Following the abstract, an alphabetical list of five key words that reflect the content of the paper should be given. Abstract of Reviews: Should be divided into the following subsections: Background, Summary and Key Messages. The Background should provide a brief clinical context for the review and is followed by the Summary, which should include a concise description of the main topics covered in the text. The Key Messages encapsulate the main conclusions of the review. Footnotes: Avoid footnotes. Tables and illustrations: Tables and illustrations (both numbered in sequential Arabic numerals) should be prepared as separate files. Tables require a brief and concise heading. Figures require a legend, prepared as a separate page, after references. Please use scale markers for electron micrographs, and indicate the type of stain used. For the reproduction of illustrations, only good drawings and original photographs can be accepted; negatives or photocopies cannot be used. Due to technical reasons, figures with a screen background should not be submitted. When possible, group several illustrations in one block for reproduction (max. size mm) or provide crop marks. Electronically submitted b/w half-tone and color illustrations must have a final resolution of 300 dpi after scaling, line drawings one of 800 1,200 dpi. References: In the text identify references by Arabic numerals [in square brackets]. Material submitted for publication but not yet accepted should be noted as [unpublished data] and not be included in the reference list. The list of references should include only those publications which are cited in the text. Do not alphabetize; number references in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. The surnames of the authors followed by initials should be given. There should be no punctuation other than a comma to separate the authors. Preferably, please cite all authors. Abbreviate journal names according to the Index Medicus system. Also see International Committee of Medical Journal Editors: Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals ( Examples (a) Papers published in periodicals: Chatel J-M, Bernard H, Orson FM: Isolation and characterization of two complete Ara h 2 isoforms cdna. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;131: (b) Papers published only with DOI numbers: Theoharides TC, Boucher W, Spear K: Serum interleukin-6 reflects disease severity and osteoporosis in mastocytosis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol DOI: / (c) Monographs: Matthews DE, Fare-well VT: Using and Understanding Medical Statistics, ed 3, revised. Basel, Karger, (d) Edited books: DuBois RN: Cyclooxygenase-2 and colorectal cancer; in Dannenberg AJ, Dubois RN (eds): COX-2. Prog Exp Tum Res. Basel, Karger, 2003, vol 37, pp Reference Management Software: Use of EndNote is recommended for easy management and formatting of citations and reference lists. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) S. Karger Publishers supports DOIs as unique identifiers for articles. A DOI number will be printed on the title page of each article. DOIs can be useful in the future for identifying and citing articles published online without volume or issue information. More information can be found at Self-Archiving/Green Open Access Karger permits authors to archive their pre-prints (i.e. pre-peer review) or post-prints (i.e. accepted manuscript after peer review but before production) on their personal or their institution s internal website. In addition, authors may post their accepted manuscripts in public Open Access repositories and scientific networks (e.g. ResearchGate or Mendeley) no earlier than 12 months following publication of the final version of their article. For all self-archiving, the posted manuscripts must: Be used for noncommercial purposes only Be linked to the final version on Include the following statement: This is the peer-reviewed but unedited manuscript version of the following article: [insert full citation, e.g. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014;142: (DOI: / )]. The final, published version is available at DOI number]. It is the author s responsibility to fulfill these requirements. For papers published online first with a DOI number only, full citation details must be added as soon as the paper is published in its final version. This is important to ensure that citations can be credited to the article. Manuscripts to be archived in PubMed Central due to funding requirements will be submitted by Karger on the author s behalf [see Funding Organizations (NIH etc.)]. For self-archiving Author s Choice TM (Gold Open Access) articles, see Author s Choice TM. Supplementary Material Multimedia files and other supplementary files, directly relevant but not essential to the conclusions of a paper, enhance the online version of a publication and increase its visibility on the web. These files will undergo editorial review. The Editors reserve the right to limit the scope and length of the supplementary material. Multimedia and supplementary material should meet production quality standards for publication without the need for any modification or editing. Files should not exceed 10 MB in size. Figures and tables need to have titles and legends, and all files should be supplied separately and labeled clearly. All supplementary material should be referred to in the main text. A DOI number will be assigned to supplementary material and it will be hosted online at under a CC BY license. Authors will be charged a processing fee of CHF for supplementary material. Author s Choice TM Karger s Author s Choice TM service broadens the reach of your article and gives all users worldwide free and full access for reading, downloading and printing at www. karger.com. The option is available for a one-time fee of CHF 3,000.00, which is a permissible cost in grant allo S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Guidelines for Authors are available at: /ine_guidelines

5 cation. More information can be found at com/authors_choice. The final, published version of the article may be posted at any time and in any repository or on other websites, in accordance with the relevant Creative Commons license. Reposted Open Access articles must: Follow the terms of the relevant Creative Commons license Be linked to the final version on Include the following statement: The final, published version of this article is available at DOI number]. It is the author s responsibility to fulfill these requirements. For papers published online first with a DOI number only, full citation details must be added as soon as the paper is published in its final version. This is important to ensure that citations can be credited to the article. Funding Organizations (NIH etc.) The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Public Access Policy mandates that accepted, peer-reviewed manuscripts are archived in its digital database, PubMed Central (PMC), within 12 months of the official publication date. As a service to authors, Karger submits NIH-funded articles to PMC on behalf of the authors immediately upon publication. The NIH assigns a PMCID within approximately 1 month and the manuscript will appear in PMC after a 12-month embargo. For authors making their paper Open Access through Author s Choice TM, the embargo will be overridden, thereby accelerating the accessibility of the article. Karger also complies with other funders requirements (including Wellcome Trust and RCUK) for submission to PMC. Authors should include information on their grants in the Acknowledgements section of their papers. Proofs Unless indicated otherwise, proofs are sent to the corresponding author and should be returned with the least possible delay. Alterations other than the correction of printer s errors are charged to the author. Reprints Order forms and a price list are sent with the proofs. Orders submitted after the issue is printed are subject to considerably higher prices. A collection of extraordinary essays GOTTFRIED SCHATZ A MATTER OF WONDER What Biology Reveals about Us, Our World, and Our Dreams G O T T F R I E D S C H A T Z A M AT T E R O F W O N D E R WHAT BIOLOGY REVEALS ABOUT US, OUR WORLD, AND OUR DREAMS Where do we come from? Is our destiny determined by the genes we inherit? In this book Gottfried Schatz, the world-renowned biochemist and co-discoverer of mitochondrial DNA, gives lucid albeit often surprising answers to universal questions and takes the reader on a fascinating journey of discovery across the boundaries of scientific disciplines. With passion and a keen sense of wonder he draws on philosophy, cultural history and art to formulate his reflections on the mysteries of life. These essays on key issues in the natural sciences will appeal not only to scientists but to all inquisitive minds, regardless of educational and professional background. G. Schatz (Basel) A Matter of Wonder What Biology Reveals about Us, Our World, and Our Dreams Translated by A. Shields XII p., 2 color fig., hard cover, 2011 CHF / EUR / USD ISBN S. Karger AG, P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Fax orders@karger.ch More information and sample essays at /schatz KI S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Guidelines for Authors are available at: /ine_guidelines

6 General Information ISSN Print Edition: ISSN Online Edition: Journal Homepage: /ine Publication Data: Interventional Neurology is published 4 times a year. Volume 5 with 4 issues appears in Copyright: 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or, in the case of photocopying, direct payment of a specified fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the journal is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Subscription Rates: Subscriptions run for a full calendar year. Prices are given per year. Personal subscription: Print or Online Print+Online combined CHF CHF EUR EUR USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) CHF Europe, CHF Overseas EUR USD Institutional subscription: Print or Online Print+Online combined CHF CHF EUR EUR USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) CHF Europe, CHF Overseas EUR USD Back Volumes and Single Issues: Information on availability and prices of single print issues and print or electronic back volumes can be obtained from Customer Service at service@karger.ch. Bibliographic Indices: This journal is regularly listed in bibliographic services. Photocopying: This journal has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), as indicated by the code appearing on the first page of each article. For readers in the US, this code signals consent for copying of articles for personal or internal use, or for the personal or internal use of specific clients, provided that the stated fee is paid per copy directly to Copyright Clearance Center Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers, MA (USA) A copy of the first page of the article must accompany payment. Consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. In these cases, specific written permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, S. Karger AG, P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland). Subscription Orders: Orders can be placed at agencies, bookstores, directly with the Publisher S. Karger AG Medical and Scientific Publishers Allschwilerstrasse 10 CH 4009 Basel Switzerland t: f: e: karger@karger.com w: (for courier services only: Allschwilerstrasse 10 CH 4055 Basel) or further Karger offices or representatives: Germany S. Karger GmbH Postfach Freiburg Deutschland (Hausadresse: Wilhelmstrasse 20A, Freiburg) t: f: e: information@karger.de w: Japan Karger Japan, Inc. Shiba Daimon Asahi Bldg. 2F Shiba Daimon Minato-ku Tokyo Japan t: f: e: publisher@karger.jp w: USA S. Karger Publishers, Inc. 26 West Avon Road P.O. Box 529 Unionville, CT USA Toll free: t: f: e: kargerusa@karger.com France Enter & Read Albertine Luginbuhl 23, rue du Départ, boite Paris France t: +33 (0) e: albertineluginbuhl@orange.fr South East Asia, China and Taiwan Karger Regional Office (Malaysia) Level A, PJ Exchange No. 16A, Persiaran Barat Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia t: f: e: service@karger.cn; r.chew@karger.cn Karger China 51F Raffles City Centre 268 Xi Zang Middle Road Huang Pu District Shanghai P.R. China t: f: e: service@karger.cn r.chew@karger.cn w: India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Karger India Plot No. 17, Yusuf Sarai Market B.L. Glass Building, 2nd Floor Sri Aurobindo Marg New Delhi India t: f: c: e: r.kumar@kargerindia.com w: Change of Address: Both old and new address should be sent to the subscription source S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Journal Home Page is available at: /ine

7 Contents See the journal website for contents Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

8 Official Journal of the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN) Founded 2013 by X. Liu and M.G. Hennerici Editors Xinfeng Liu Jinling Hospital Nanjing University Nanjing, China Michael G. Hennerici Department of Neurology University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany Raul G. Nogueira Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center Grady Memorial Hospital Atlanta, Ga. SVIN Representative Dileep R. Yavagal Associate Editors A. Abou-Chebl, Louisville, Ky. A. Dávalos, Barcelona A.J. Furlan, Cleveland, Ohio R. Gupta, Atlanta, Ga. R. Higashida, San Francisco, Calif. T.N. Nguyen, Boston, Mass. M. Ribo, Barcelona G. Xu, Nanjing S. Yoshimura, Hyogo Editorial Board A.V. Alexandrov, Birmingham, Ala. J. Bogousslavsky, Montreux R.C. Edgell, St. Louis, Mo. A. Harloff, Freiburg V. Janardhan, Plano, Tex. T. Jovin, Pittsburgh, Pa. P. Khatri, Cincinnati, Ohio T. Leung, Hong Kong D.S. Liebeskind, Los Angeles, Calif. A.R. Massaro, São Paulo Z. Miao, Beijing R. Novakovic, Dallas, Tex. N.S. Rost, Boston, Mass. J.L. Saver, Los Angeles, Calif. M. Selim, Boston, Mass. K.N. Sheth, New Haven, Conn. B. Yan, Parkville, Vic. D.R. Yavagal, Miami, Fla. O.O. Zaidat, Toledo, Ohio Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck, Ettenheim

9 Guidelines for Authors Submission Manuscripts written in English are considered and should be submitted online at: /ine All manuscripts must be accompanied by a cover letter and a copyright transfer statement signed by the corresponding author on behalf of all authors. Conditions All manuscripts are subject to editorial review. Manuscripts are received with the explicit understanding that they are not under simultaneous consideration by any other publication. Submission of an article for publication implies transfer of the copyright from the author to the publisher upon acceptance. Accepted papers become the permanent property of Interventional Neurology and may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the written consent of the publisher. It is the author s responsibility to obtain permission to reproduce illustrations, tables, etc. from other publications. Types of Articles Editorials Original Papers Reviews Reviews in which a specific field is reviewed through an exhaustive literature survey. An Abstract is required and should be divided into Background, Summary and Key Messages. Review Articles should consist of a maximum of 4,000 words. Disclosure Statement Authors are required to disclose any sponsorship or funding arrangements relating to their research and all authors should disclose any possible conflicts of interest. Disclosure statements will be published at the end of the text of the article. Ethics Published research must comply with the guidelines for human studies and animal welfare regulations. Authors should state that subjects have given their informed consent and that the study protocol has been approved by the institute s committee on human research. Further, they should also state that animal experiments conform to institutional standards. Authors are required to declare the approval codes obtained from the corresponding ethical committee on human and/or animal research. Plagiarism Policy Whether intentional or not, plagiarism is a serious violation. We define plagiarism as a case in which a paper reproduces another work with at least 25% similarity and without citation. If evidence of plagiarism is found before/after acceptance or after publication of the paper, the author will be offered a chance for rebuttal. If the arguments are not found to be satisfactory, the manuscript will be retracted and the author sanctioned from publishing papers for a period to be determined by the responsible Editor(s). Arrangement The manuscript should conform to the following order: title page, abstract and key words, body, acknowledgments, references, figure legends, tables and figures. Manuscripts should be written in high-quality English suitable for effective communication to a professional medical audience. Authors who are not native speakers of English sometimes receive negative comments from referees or editors about the English-language usage in their manuscripts, and these problems can contribute to the decision to reject a paper. To help reduce the possibility of such problems, we strongly encourage such authors (i) to have their manuscript reviewed for clarity by a colleague whose native language is English and/or (ii) to use one of the many English language editing services that are available via the Web. All pages, including the figure legends, should be numbered in sequence, and the first author s name should appear at the upper right corner of each page. Papers not conforming to the journal style will be returned without review. Title page: The first page of each paper should indicate a concise title of no more than 150 characters, all authors names (first name and surname), authors institutional affiliations, and a short title for use as running head. Corresponding author: The exact postal address of author(s) to whom correspondence, proofs, and reprint requests should be sent, including the postal code, must be given at the bottom of the title page. Please also supply phone number and address. Abstract: Submit the abstract on a separate page. The abstract should be less than 300 words. Key words: Following the abstract, an alphabetical list of five key words that reflect the content of the paper should be given. Abstract of Reviews: Should be divided into the following subsections: Background, Summary and Key Messages. The Background should provide a brief clinical context for the review and is followed by the Summary, which should include a concise description of the main topics covered in the text. The Key Messages encapsulate the main conclusions of the review. Footnotes: Avoid footnotes. Tables and illustrations: Tables and illustrations (both numbered in sequential Arabic numerals) should be prepared as separate files. Tables require a brief and concise heading. Figures require a legend, prepared as a separate page, after references. Please use scale markers for electron micrographs, and indicate the type of stain used. For the reproduction of illustrations, only good drawings and original photographs can be accepted; negatives or photocopies cannot be used. Due to technical reasons, figures with a screen background should not be submitted. When possible, group several illustrations in one block for reproduction (max. size mm) or provide crop marks. Electronically submitted b/w half-tone and color illustrations must have a final resolution of 300 dpi after scaling, line drawings one of 800 1,200 dpi. References: In the text identify references by Arabic numerals [in square brackets]. Material submitted for publication but not yet accepted should be noted as [unpublished data] and not be included in the reference list. The list of references should include only those publications which are cited in the text. Do not alphabetize; number references in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. The surnames of the authors followed by initials should be given. There should be no punctuation other than a comma to separate the authors. Preferably, please cite all authors. Abbreviate journal names according to the Index Medicus system. Also see International Committee of Medical Journal Editors: Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals ( Examples (a) Papers published in periodicals: Chatel J-M, Bernard H, Orson FM: Isolation and characterization of two complete Ara h 2 isoforms cdna. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;131: (b) Papers published only with DOI numbers: Theoharides TC, Boucher W, Spear K: Serum interleukin-6 reflects disease severity and osteoporosis in mastocytosis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol DOI: / (c) Monographs: Matthews DE, Fare-well VT: Using and Understanding Medical Statistics, ed 3, revised. Basel, Karger, (d) Edited books: DuBois RN: Cyclooxygenase-2 and colorectal cancer; in Dannenberg AJ, Dubois RN (eds): COX-2. Prog Exp Tum Res. Basel, Karger, 2003, vol 37, pp Reference Management Software: Use of EndNote is recommended for easy management and formatting of citations and reference lists. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) S. Karger Publishers supports DOIs as unique identifiers for articles. A DOI number will be printed on the title page of each article. DOIs can be useful in the future for identifying and citing articles published online without volume or issue information. More information can be found at Self-Archiving/Green Open Access Karger permits authors to archive their pre-prints (i.e. pre-peer review) or post-prints (i.e. accepted manuscript after peer review but before production) on their personal or their institution s internal website. In addition, authors may post their accepted manuscripts in public Open Access repositories and scientific networks (e.g. ResearchGate or Mendeley) no earlier than 12 months following publication of the final version of their article. For all self-archiving, the posted manuscripts must: Be used for noncommercial purposes only Be linked to the final version on Include the following statement: This is the peer-reviewed but unedited manuscript version of the following article: [insert full citation, e.g. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014;142: (DOI: / )]. The final, published version is available at DOI number]. It is the author s responsibility to fulfill these requirements. For papers published online first with a DOI number only, full citation details must be added as soon as the paper is published in its final version. This is important to ensure that citations can be credited to the article. Manuscripts to be archived in PubMed Central due to funding requirements will be submitted by Karger on the author s behalf [see Funding Organizations (NIH etc.)]. For self-archiving Author s Choice TM (Gold Open Access) articles, see Author s Choice TM. Supplementary Material Multimedia files and other supplementary files, directly relevant but not essential to the conclusions of a paper, enhance the online version of a publication and increase its visibility on the web. These files will undergo editorial review. The Editors reserve the right to limit the scope and length of the supplementary material. Multimedia and supplementary material should meet production quality standards for publication without the need for any modification or editing. Files should not exceed 10 MB in size. Figures and tables need to have titles and legends, and all files should be supplied separately and labeled clearly. All supplementary material should be referred to in the main text. A DOI number will be assigned to supplementary material and it will be hosted online at under a CC BY license. Authors will be charged a processing fee of CHF for supplementary material. Author s Choice TM Karger s Author s Choice TM service broadens the reach of your article and gives all users worldwide free and full access for reading, downloading and printing at www. karger.com. The option is available for a one-time fee of CHF 3,000.00, which is a permissible cost in grant allo S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Guidelines for Authors are available at: /ine_guidelines

10 cation. More information can be found at com/authors_choice. The final, published version of the article may be posted at any time and in any repository or on other websites, in accordance with the relevant Creative Commons license. Reposted Open Access articles must: Follow the terms of the relevant Creative Commons license Be linked to the final version on Include the following statement: The final, published version of this article is available at DOI number]. It is the author s responsibility to fulfill these requirements. For papers published online first with a DOI number only, full citation details must be added as soon as the paper is published in its final version. This is important to ensure that citations can be credited to the article. Funding Organizations (NIH etc.) The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Public Access Policy mandates that accepted, peer-reviewed manuscripts are archived in its digital database, PubMed Central (PMC), within 12 months of the official publication date. As a service to authors, Karger submits NIH-funded articles to PMC on behalf of the authors immediately upon publication. The NIH assigns a PMCID within approximately 1 month and the manuscript will appear in PMC after a 12-month embargo. For authors making their paper Open Access through Author s Choice TM, the embargo will be overridden, thereby accelerating the accessibility of the article. Karger also complies with other funders requirements (including Wellcome Trust and RCUK) for submission to PMC. Authors should include information on their grants in the Acknowledgements section of their papers. Proofs Unless indicated otherwise, proofs are sent to the corresponding author and should be returned with the least possible delay. Alterations other than the correction of printer s errors are charged to the author. Reprints Order forms and a price list are sent with the proofs. Orders submitted after the issue is printed are subject to considerably higher prices. A collection of extraordinary essays GOTTFRIED SCHATZ A MATTER OF WONDER What Biology Reveals about Us, Our World, and Our Dreams G O T T F R I E D S C H A T Z A M AT T E R O F W O N D E R WHAT BIOLOGY REVEALS ABOUT US, OUR WORLD, AND OUR DREAMS Where do we come from? Is our destiny determined by the genes we inherit? In this book Gottfried Schatz, the world-renowned biochemist and co-discoverer of mitochondrial DNA, gives lucid albeit often surprising answers to universal questions and takes the reader on a fascinating journey of discovery across the boundaries of scientific disciplines. With passion and a keen sense of wonder he draws on philosophy, cultural history and art to formulate his reflections on the mysteries of life. These essays on key issues in the natural sciences will appeal not only to scientists but to all inquisitive minds, regardless of educational and professional background. G. Schatz (Basel) A Matter of Wonder What Biology Reveals about Us, Our World, and Our Dreams Translated by A. Shields XII p., 2 color fig., hard cover, 2011 CHF / EUR / USD ISBN S. Karger AG, P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Fax orders@karger.ch More information and sample essays at /schatz KI S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Guidelines for Authors are available at: /ine_guidelines

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12 (Continued from back cover) 209 Improving the Evaluation of Collateral Circulation by Multiphase Computed Tomography Angiography in Acute Stroke Patients Treated with Endovascular Reperfusion Therapies García-Tornel, A. (Barcelona); Carvalho, V. (Lisboa); Boned, S. (Barcelona); Flores, A. (Asunción); Rodríguez-Luna, D.; Pagola, J.; Muchada, M.; Sanjuan, E.; Coscojuela, P.; Juega, J.; Rodriguez-Villatoro, N. (Barcelona); Menon, B.; Goyal, M. (Calgary, Alta.); Ribó, M.; Tomasello, A,; Molina, C.A.; Rubiera, M. (Barcelona) Reviews 148 Treatment Strategies for Acute Ischemic Stroke Caused by Carotid Artery Occlusion Li, W.; Yin, Q.; Xu, G.; Liu, X. (Nanjing) 194 The Role of Catheter Angiography in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Vasculitis Edgell, R.C.; Sarhan, A.E.; Soomro, J. (Saint Louis, Mo.); Einertson, C. (Greencastle, Ind.); Kemp, J.; Shirani, P.; Malmstrom, T.K.; Coppens, J. (Saint Louis, Mo.) 218 Arteriovenous Malformations in the Pediatric Population: Review of the Existing Literature El-Ghanem, M. (Hershey, Pa.); Kass-Hout, T. (Newark, N.J./Rochester, N.Y.); Kass-Hout, O. (Atlanta, Va.); Alderazi, Y.J.; Amuluru, K.; Al-Mufti, F.; Prestigiacomo, C.J.; Gandhi, C.D. (Newark, N.J.) after 193 Erratum 226 Contents Vol. 5, 2016

13 /ine Interventional Neurology Original Papers 101 Rescue Thrombectomy in Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes Leads to Better Outcomes than Intravenous Thrombolysis Alone: A Real World Applicability of the Recent Trials Nogueira, R.G. (Atlanta, Ga.); Zaidat, O.O.; Castonguay, A.C. (Milwaukee, Wis.); Haussen, D.C. (Atlanta, Ga.); Martin, C.O.; Holloway, W.E. (Kansas City, Mo.); Mueller-Kronast, N. (Delray Beach, Fla.); English, J. (San Francisco, Calif.); Linfante, I.; Dabus, G. (Miami, Fla.); Malisch, T.W.; Marden, F.A. (Elk Grove Village, Ill.); Bozorgchami, H. (Portland, Oreg.); Xavier, A. (Detroit, Mich.); Rai, A.T. (Morgantown, W.Va.); Froehler, M.T. (Nashville, Tenn.); Badruddin, A. (Joliet, Ill.); Nguyen, T.N. (Boston, Mass.); Taqi, M.A. (Palm Springs, Calif.); Abraham, M.G. (Kansas City, Kans.); Janardhan, V.; Yoo, A.J. (Dallas Fort-Worth Metroplex, Tex.); Shaltoni, H. (Houston, Tex.); Abou-Chebl, A. (Louisville, Ky.); Chen, P.R.; Britz, G.W. (Houston, Tex.); Novakovic, R. (Dallas, Tex.); Nanda, A. (Columbia, Mo.); Kaushal, R. (St. Louis, Mo.); Issa, M.A. (Milwaukee, Wis.); Frankel, M.R. (Atlanta, Ga.); Gupta, R. (Marietta, Ga.) 111 Stent Retriever-Based Thrombectomy in Octogenarians Cohen, J.E.; Gomori, J.M.; Leker, R.R. (Jerusalem) 118 Recanalization and Angiographic Reperfusion Are Both Associated with a Favorable Clinical Outcome in the IMS III Trial Schmitz, M.L. (Aarhus); Yeatts, S.D. (Charleston, S.C.); Tomsick, T.A. (Cincinnati, Ohio); Liebeskind, D.S. (Los Angeles, Calif.); Vagal, A.; Broderick, J.P.; Khatri, P. (Cincinnati, Ohio) for the IMS III investigators 123 Safety Outcomes Using a Proximal Protection Device in Carotid Stenting of Long Carotid Stenoses Atchaneeyasakul, K.; Khandelwal, P.; Ambekar, S.; Ramdas, K.; Guada, L.; Yavagal, D. (Miami, Fla.) 131 Visual Improvement after Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Does Not Correlate with Time to Treatment Page, P.S.; Cambon, A.C.; James, R.F. (Louisville, Ky.) 140 CBV_ASPECTS Improvement over CT_ASPECTS on Determining Irreversible Ischemic Lesion Decreases over Time Padroni, M. (Ferrara); Boned, S.; Ribó, M.; Muchada, M.; Rodriguez-Luna, D.; Coscojuela, P.; Tomasello, A.; Cabero, J.; Pagola, J.; Rodriguez-Villatoro, N.; Juega, J.M.; Sanjuan, E.; Molina, C.A.; Rubiera, M. (Barcelona) 157 Clopidogrel plus Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Pilot Study Kass-Hout, T. (Atlanta, Ga./Rochester, N.Y.); Winningham, M. (Atlanta, Ga.); Kass-Hout, O. (Atlanta, Ga./Buffalo, N.Y.); Henriquez, L.; Tong, F.; Dion, J.; Cawley, M.; Belagaje, S.; Frankel, M.; Anderson, A.; Nahab, F. (Atlanta, Ga.) 165 Local Fibrinolysis in Spontaneous Supratentorial Hematomas: Comparison with Surgical and Medical Treatment Condrea, E.; Timirgaz, V.; Groppa, S.; Codreanu, I.; Rotaru, N. (Chisinau) 174 Is Intra-Arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke Less Effective in Women than in Men? de Ridder, I.R.; Fransen, P.S.S. (Rotterdam); Beumer, D. (Maastricht); Berkhemer, O.A. (Rotterdam/Amsterdam); van den Berg, L.A. (Amsterdam); Wermer, M.J. (Leiden); Lingsma, H. (Rotterdam); van Zwam, W.H. (Maastricht); Roos, Y.B. (Amsterdam); van Oostenbrugge, R.J. (Maastricht); Majoie, C.B. (Amsterdam); van der Lugt, A.; Dippel, D.W.J. (Rotterdam) for the MR CLEAN Investigators 179 Functional Independence following Endovascular Treatment for Basilar Artery Occlusion despite Extensive Bilateral Pontine Infarcts on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Refuting a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Haussen, D.C.; Oliveira, R.A.C.; Patel, V.; Nogueira, R.G. (Atlanta, Ga.) 185 Internal Carotid Artery S-Shaped Curve as a Marker of Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Dissection-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke Haussen, D.C. (Atlanta, Ga.); Jadhav, A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Rebello, L.C.; Belagaje, S.; Anderson, A. (Atlanta, Ga.); Jovin, T.; Aghaebrahim, A.; Gulati, D. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Wells, B.; Frankel, M.; Nogueira, R.G. (Atlanta, Ga.) (Continued on inside back cover)