Aner tetragonos (ανηρ τετραγωνος) and Arkadia of Architectural Beauty Concept

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1 P-0888 Aner tetragonos (ανηρ τετραγωνος) and Arkadia of Architectural Beauty Concept Dong Ho Choi*1 1 Architect, studio MADANGSORI architects & planners Abstract This thesis of the ultimate question of architectural beauty has a philosophical theme. The History of Aesthetics, the possibility of this distinctive interpretation from the architectural concept of the W. Tatarkiewicz-historical development will be through ancient aesthetics 's architectural beauty, the foundation on which the medieval Romanesque and Gothic aesthetics is the next architectural review. And the concept of the Renaissance architectural beauty of modernist aesthetics will be find. St. Francis saw the Most Beautiful in beautiful things (W. Tatarkiewicz, History of Aesthetics (HA.) Ⅱ, p.290). The true basic interpretation about architectural beauty will conclude as central concept of architectural aesthetics. Such a contents will be that "How is beauty to be defined? What are its essential properties? What is its relation to goodness and to being? Is it an objective property or is it relative to a subject? How is it apprehended? (HA. Ⅱ, p.214) As a result, the centerpiece of the architectural aesthetics concept, will be 'aner tetragonos (ανηρ τετραγωνος)' and Arkadia. Keywords: Tatarkiewicz, Vitruvianism, Arkadia, aner tetragonos(ανηρ τετραγωνος), Villeggiatura 1.Introduction Vitruvius aesthetic ideas were based on a belief in objective beauty. Also "for him beauty depended both upon objective measure and the subjective conditions of perception." (HA. Ⅰ, p.279) Architectural beauty concept is 'architecture and nature', the human body is as similar as the nature and the nature description can be a model for the art. Among other things the possibility of W. Tatarkiewicz interpretation in ancient architecture, especially the story of a beautiful home for Socrates is introduced as follows. "A house can justly be regarded as most pleasant and most beautiful if at all times its owner can find in it the most congenial shelter for himself and the safest shelter for his possessions, no matter what the paintings and the sculpture are like."(ha. Ⅰ, p.103) This idea is about the beauty of a thing lay in its purposefulness that Socrates applied with a particular strength to architecture. Greeks began with only two arts: <constitutive art >and <expressive art> configuration, and from the completion of the construction of the temple, is especially the factors that were the sculptures and paintings. Expressive art is poem, music and dancing and a mixture of constitutive art is architecture, sculpture, painting. Particularly, collective dance from Koros know is about dance, music and poetry combined which called Triune Choreia(a circle dance), and their own poetry and music is segregated later on. 'Athens era' of the classical period takes Canon into a eternal standard of proportion, especially Plato was able to understand the numerical beauty. The architecture proportion comes from human body which is a module proportioned in a cosmic harmony..applying the standard rate of Greeks judgment criteria, the whole human body parts created to fit well, they have ever played a decisive role in the standard rate of human body measurements, depending on the height of the pillar in the construction of the temple in Greece varied its thickness. They applied the law of statics. Virgil(B.C ) is Epicureanism, he introduced paradise in Bucolica and predicted the advent of the golden age, gave a great impact at the time. To design the building the Villa at the time was very important because it meant designing landscape has an ideal concept of Arcadia and this led them to

2 think more about the idealistic Arcadia. In the Villa architects were fascinated by the reciting poetry and music and they were in consistent with Villa architecture and natural landscape, architects fell into a trance. Beauty was in the age of medieval Romanesque and Gothic. As this great medieval Romanesque, stone material has taken place, which is called the space. This artful combination of volume and mass is the amount of mass bullion medieval a huge architecture aesthetics distinctively. The weight of spatial Poetics expressed in the Western Europe. Romanesque has a frieze which is closed with colonnade and gallery, above all in the entrance highly concentrated dense base have a life and beauty around a rough surface. Gothic architecture, the Church's walls were more thin and sleek, and weights proportionate and larger windows were were able to let sufficient light come through, and due to the height of the pillars and arches several different broader vision could be opened. Transcendental atmosphere of the Gothic architecture, because of the tremendous changes spiritualization in the representation, became a spiritualization architecture. Since Plotinus and the Pseudo-Dionysius, the rich light of Gothic architecture is one of the best synonymous with the beauty of on the non-ground, as was: also was different from the classic architecture. 2. Idea about beauty of the Marsilio Ficino Looking at the Quattrocento (the 1400's) the ideas and aesthetics of architectural beauty, In the early 15 th century, Greeks architects have had a lifetime to ancient temple architecture, on the other hand Renaissance architects has been lifted other projects, as the city expansion within the city architects, in a variety of designs from the ancient architectural solution, unlike <the pillar, beams, arches, etc.>and select independent arch structure is an ancient concept, while the full arch, fully was really leave. Also at this time of the humanism of the Ficino(Marsilio Ficino, ) want to stress that really wanted to stress that point an innovative design of the architect is because the idea about beauty is not coming from the objet itself instead it was from the immaterial mental image. The classical Renaissance(Cinquecento, 1500's)is recognized the cultural greatness this time of mid-renaissance can live freely, as humans free will that is the concept of classical Italy art appeared. The beauty of Elegance is a natural and relaxed, <true art doesn't look like art> showed the proposition which neglect tells us that the origin of elegance means negligence(sprezzatura), if the author had hidden meaning artificial. Pythagorean idealist Palladio Andrea, a circle and rectangle completed their absolute complete form, the organism would represent the simplicity and unity. He designed Villa Rotonda( ) which is called an inscribed circle in a square Planar configuration as a symbolic development more fully, when the physical universe and the earthly symbol square. In the early Christians a circle were a sublime beauty the sublime symbol of the sublime, The central space is very unique in his design with the aesthetics appear as part of the open atrium ceiling opened the courtyard of the building and as the most important external space within this courtyard is of. 'Aner tetragonos (ανηρ τετραγωνος)' and Arkadia is central concept of the architectural aesthetics. < Square of the human body, human, square man>(in Greek aner tetragonos, in Latin homo quadratus) the ancient concept, referred to the human body can be inscribed within a square. (homo ad circulum and homo ad quarratum) The human ideal body is inscribed simple and geometric forms of the circle and square during the Greek classical period. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ( ) said having the essence of the infinite variations of human greatness and ability to do that, and the appearance of God, referred to as the ubiquity of similar human microcosm as seen from the point of, since the vast majority of humans called Pico can be even possible the location of the top looked into existence. Also located in the center of the universe, unlike Ficino human fixed, Pico is not a fixed position but constant nature of the self that does not require the freedom to have a Pico is that differences.

3 Leonardo da Vinci also drew a drawing the human body with geometric shapes and proportional 'Vitruvian Man'(Canon of Proportions). By the fundamental message of Vitruvius, belly button is the centre of the circle and reproductive organs is situated in the centre of a square, in other words, two drawings lies on top of the same by the human body shape. Human shape has the square and the circle, human being put out a message of a analogical existence. Fig.1. This is the sketch for the architectural Idea of immaterial mental image.(drawing by Dong Ho Choi,2012) 3. Palladio Andrea Villa architecture In the Palladio Andrea Villa architecture, we have been reviewed through the process of becoming one with nature and humans. Renaissance-era villa's best environmental friendly conditions appeared in the Virgil 'pastoral ideal' concept, nature and humans which can be one of the top live world consensus is Arkadia. The theme of his Bucolica seu Eclogae is the ideals of seeking the meaning of life, as part of an idyllic and pristine in the innocence, longing for the rest of the soul. These lovely concepts in the peace of Arcadia is a Renaissance Villa architecture showed the relationship between nature and human. In addition, Epicurus's ataraxia intends thinking of pacification pleasure', meaning that the being free (άταραξία) from the fluctuations of the mind. Also the teachings was that you should be able to live as a'less'(tois oligois archometha) The Renaissance architects developed the Renaissance Villa culture(villeggiatura). One of the economy of a manor is based on, the other an idyllic life as a part of the golden era as the effects of Virgil. In particular, the villas are a haven of meditation to understand in life and the fact that the unique value was noted. The fact that we made the false nature of architecture is tantamount to giving up and beautifully to be added. In particular, villa suburban is caught to the suburbs adjacent to its location, this villa is a type of the pastoral culture of the noble philosophical, ethical background. With regard to the construction of rural life at Villa he owns not only in the building to realize all the good things but also the ancient Roman Villa elegance with this architecture. The villas are cool with an emphasis on practicality and comfort with natural Vista based. Villa Rotonda with Ideal for the best architectural form, as his plans, there isn t a Palazzo in the city is coming from Vicenza seconds, can go to the site on the outskirts of grounds, was built with the concept of a relaxation. After this Villa is located in on top of a low hill, hexastyle portico has the same four-side elevation position. Villa Chiericati (1547-8/Vancimuglio)is in the stylized design, also applied to the urban life outsides in place for relaxation with its presence, was also designed for gateway in front of the portico-loggia as the first design is assumed. At that time Villa Rotonda is the best natural environment enjoys as an idyllic utopian concept, has showed Ideal of Villeggiatura and through the Loggia river of Bacchiglione engaging the surrounding views, including the river without missing a perfect natural environment, in the form of appearance in order of the Temple in the midst of a symmetric structure caught rigour, showed an architectural beauty in nature. The appearance of the good architecture is in the midst of the natural beauty of the architecture from the beginning of their appearance would have been the obvious fact. And regarding the

4 substance of the universe, its natural beauty and goodness also is showing up in Timaeus (87c) more detail. We can see called the demiourgos architect in this book, he is wonderfully created the beautiful universe. Interpretation of this universe, chora space, is possible that such as mother, position, the place, base. To understand how a human being and more profound space, again depending on the architectural beauty in any way express exists. By the definition of ancient aesthetics, architects was called architekton. Demiourgos), a feature called the ensuing later shown in architect Timaeus, which, in the first architect to create the goodness universe. The interpretation of these architects in the middle ages called compositor, geometrician sometimes referred to as the geometrician also. Ficino described about the concept of <immaterial architecture>, as follows: essentiality of the it creation about this beautiful object is having a Ideal. The first House of the architect's work in conceiving after imagined features and built a House. The House' is telling us the substance. but yielded to the immaterial Ideal, thanks to this, in the end, the universe came from the regular order of the architects plans and this will be left. He clarified a distinction between beauty and beautiful things, by nature the beauty itself is a beautiful thing, For this reason, objects in this sense can t have the beauty. An object becomes beautiful even today, tomorrow, because any loose change will not be beautiful. Mostly the objects can be ' beautiful things '. But the beauty itself cannot be never so. If beauty is in the objects, then the beauty is borrowed from else where.as the form of image, architectural Ideal appears as an immaterial architectural concept. In the end, if you don't leave anything of substance, and architectural beauty isn t the properties of the object. 4. Conclusion Architecture isn t only the most beautiful 'architecture' is not. Eventually the natural question was any understanding about human beings? For the interpretation of this problem is the central concept of the architectural aesthetics. Therefore the centerpiece of the architectural aesthetics concept, will be 'aner tetragonos (ανηρ τετραγωνος)' and Arkadia Indeed, What kind of questions does nature throwing? Moving towards the ideal of beauty showing any reaction? Humans shows any reaction? Human beings are looking for answers to any architecture? Human form-implemented circle and square complete shapes as a human being is to all intents and purposes of the ubiquity.macrobius wrote the world is largely a human and humans indicated that the world appeared less. Lomazzo called that the human body is the microcosm about a small universe and has a macrocosm relationship. In this way the 'square man'(homo quadratus)is to reach into the likeness of God and exist at the center of everything as spiritual smallness in the universe. We can see architectural beauty as a analogical source of human existence. And are free as a godlike creatures of all things to all intents and purposes References 1) Ackerman, James S., The villa: form and ideology of country houses, Thames and Hudson, ) Alberti, L.B., On the Art of Building in Ten Books, trans. by J. Rykwett, Dover Publications, Inc. N.Y., ) Eco, Umberto, Art and Beauty in the Middle Age, Yale Univ. Press, 1986, 4) Ficino, Marsilio, Marsilio Ficino's Commentary on Plato's SYMPOSIUM, ed. and trans. by S. R. Jayne, A.M., Columbia: Univ. of Missouri Press, 1944, 5) Palladio, Andrea, The Four Books on Architecture,, Tranlated by Adolf K. Placzek, Dover Publications, 1975.

5 6) Plato, Timaeus in: The Dialogues of Plato, vol. Ⅲ, trans. by B. Jowett, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1871,¹1953.⁴ 7) Tatarkiewicz, W., History of Aesthetics, Vol.Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ., ed. by C. Barrett, Warszawa: PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers, ) Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus, De architectura Libri X., The Ten Books on Architecture, tr. by Morgan M. H., Dover Publications, Inc. N.Y., 1980.