Philosophy of Logic and Language 108 Reading List

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1 Philosophy of Logic and Language 108 Reading List Prepared by Ofra Magidor and Corine Besson, September 2010 Notes We begin the list with some introductory texts and useful collections of papers. These will often be referred to below in an abbreviated form or by editor names alone (e.g. Lepore & Smith (eds.) ). We then proceed to offer more specific reading suggestions for particular topics. There are some additional excellent online resources, in particular The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy ( Philosophy Compass ( and the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( We have occasionally listed relevant entries from these below, but as these are constantly developing resources students are advised to check for new entries relevant to the topics they are working on. This reading list is certainly not exhaustive (neither in the list of topics nor in the readings suggested for each topic). Students are thus encouraged to seek further reading material. On the other hand, it is not expected that a student will cover all the suggested reading for a certain topic for one weekly essay. If you have any comments regarding this reading list, please send them to Dr. Ofra Magidor (ofra.magidor@philosophy.ox.ac.uk). Introductory Texts Lycan, W., Philosophy of Language: A Contemporary Introduction, Routledge Hale, B., and Wright C. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Language, Blackwell Lepore, E., and Smith, B. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Language, OUP Blackburn, S., Spreading the Word, Clarendon Press Goble, L., The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic, Blackwell 2001 Platts. M., Ways of Meaning, Routledge Sainsbury, M., Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, Blackwell 1991 General Collections Martinich, A. P. (ed.), The Philosophy of Language, OUP (5 editions) Moore, A. (ed.), Meaning and Reference, OUP 2003 Ludlow, P. (ed.), Readings in the Philosophy of Language, MIT Press 1997 Strawson, P.F. (ed.), Philosophical Logic, OUP 1967 Davies, S., and Gillon, B. (eds.), Semantics: a Reader, OUP 2004 Preyer, G., and Peter, G. (eds.), Logical Form and Languages, OUP 2002 Davis, S., Davis, S. (ed.), Pragmatics: A Reader, OUP 2001.

2 1. Definite Descriptions Overview Lycan, The Philosophy of Language, chapter 2. Ludlow, P., Descriptions, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The original debate between Russell, Strawson, and Donnellan Russell, B., `On Denoting', Mind 14 (1905), pp Reprinted in Martinich (ed.) Strawson, P., `On Referring', Mind 59 (1950), pp Reprinted in Martinich (ed.) and Moore (ed.). Donnellan, K., `Reference and Definite Descriptions', Philosophical Review 75 (1966), pp (Reprinted in Martinich (ed.).) Kripke, S., `Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference', in French, U. and Wettstein (eds) Midwest Studies in Philosophy 2, pp Reprinted in Martinich (ed.). Donnellan, K.., Speaker Reference, Descriptions, and Anaphora, in P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics. New York (1978), pp More contemporary views Barwise, J. and Cooper, R., Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language Linguistics and Philosophy 4 (1981), Neale, S., Descriptions, MIT press, Reimer, M., and Bezuidenhout, A. (eds.), Descriptions and Beyond, OUP, 2004 Neale, S. (ed.), A Hundred Years of On Denoting, Mind 114 (2005) (special issue). See especially introduction by Neale. Plural Descriptions Sharvey, R., A more general theory of definite descriptions, Philosophical Review 89 (1980), pp Oliver, A. and Smiley T., Sharvey s theory of descriptions: a paradigm subverted, Analysis 69 (2009), pp

3 2. Proper Names Overview Lycan, The Philosophy of Language, chapter 3-4. Cumming, S., Names, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Reimer, M., Reference, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy General theories of names: Frege, G. On Sense and Reference in Frege G., Translations from Philosophical Writings, tr. by Black, M. & Geach, P., Blackwell, Reprinted in Moore (ed.). Kripke, S., Naming and Necessity, Blackwell 1980 Evans, G., The casual theory of reference, Proceeding of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Vol Reprinted in Martinich (ed.) and Moore (ed.). Stanley, J., 'Names and Rigid Designation', in Hale & Wright (eds.), pp McDowell, J., 'On the Sense and Reference of a Proper Name', Mind 86 (1977), pp ; Reprinted in Moore (ed.). Searle, J., Proper names, Mind Reprinted in Martinich (ed.). Dummett, M., 'Note on an Attempted Refutation of Frege', in his Frege, Philosophy of Language (2nd edition), Duckworth 1981, pp Empty or Fictional names Evans, G., The Varieties of Reference, OUP 1982, chapter 10. Lewis, D., Truth in fiction, in his Philosophical Papers vol 1., OUP, Thomasson, A., Fiction and Metaphysics, Cambridge University Press Sainsbury, M., Reference without Referents, OUP 2005 Nathan Salmon. Nonexistence, Noûs 32 (1998), pp Braun, D., Empty Names, Noûs, 27 (1993), pp Sainsbury, M., Name, Fictional Names and Really, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 73 (1999), pp Wiggins, D., Names, Fictional Names and Really ', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 73 (1999), pp Parsons, T., Referring to Nonexistent Objects, Theory and Decision 11 (1979), pp Reicher, M., Non-existent objects in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

4 3. Propositional Attitudes and Intensional Contexts Overview Richard, M., Propositional Attitudes, in Hale & Wright (eds.). McKay, T., and Nelson, M., Propositional Attitude Reports, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Frege s puzzle and variant puzzles Frege, G. On Sense and Reference in Frege G., Translations from Philosophical Writings, tr. by Black, M. & Geach, P., Blackwell Reprinted in Moore (ed.). Kripke, S., A puzzle about belief, in Margalit, A. (ed.), Meaning and Use, Reidel Reprinted and in Martinich (ed.). Saul, J., Substitution and simple sentences, Analysis 57 (1997), pp Richard, M., Direct reference and ascriptions of belief, Journal of Philosophical Logic 12 (1983), pp Bach, K., Do belief reports report beliefs?, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 78 (1997), pp Rusellian views Salmon, N., Frege s Puzzle, MIT press Soames, S., Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, and Semantic Content, Philosophical Topics 15 (1989), pp Braun, D., Understanding belief reports, Philosophical Review 107 (1998), pp Contextualist views Crimmins, M., and Perry J., `The Prince and the Phone Booth: Reporting Puzzling Beliefs', Journal of Philosophy 86 (1989), pp Reprinted in Ludlow (ed.). Crimmins, M., Context in the attitudes, Linguistics and Philosophy 15 (1992), pp Richard, M., Attitudes in Context, Linguistics and Philosophy 16 (1993), pp Relationism Fine, K., Semantic Relationism, Blackwell Sententialist views Davidson, D., On saying that, in Davidson, D., Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation, OUP Rumfitt, I., 'Content and Context: the Paratactic Theory Revisited and Revised', Mind 102 (1993), pp Quine, W.V., 'Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes', Journal of Philosophy 53 (1956), pp Reprinted in Martinich (ed.) Higginbotham, J., Belief and Logical Form, Mind and Language 6 (1991), pp

5 4. Pragmatics Overview Horn, L., Presupposition and Implicature, in Lapin, S. (ed.), Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, Blackwell p Perry, J., and Korta, K., Pragmatics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Davis, W., Implicature, The Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy Lycan, The Philosophy of Language, ch. 13. Useful Collections Davis, S. (ed.), Pragmatics: A Reader, OUP Szabo Gendler, Z. (ed.), Semantics vs. Pragmatics, Clarendon Press 2005 Conversational Implicatures Grice, P., Logic and Conversation, in Grice, P., Studies in the Ways of Words, Harvard University Press Reprinted in Davis (ed.). Saddok, J., On testing for conversational implicature, in Davis, (ed.). Bach, K., Conversational impliciture, Mind and language 9 (1994), pp Conventional Implicatures Grice, P., Logic and Conversation and Further notes on logic and Conversation, in Grice, P., Studies in the Ways of Words, Harvard University Press (1989). Bach, K., The myth of conventional implicature, Linguistics and Philosophy 22, (1999), pp Karttunen, L., and Peters, S., Conventional implicatures, in Syntax and Semantics 11 (1979), pp The semantics/pragmatics distinction Recanati, F., The pragmatics of what is said, in Mind and Language 4 (1989), pp Reprinted in Davis (ed.). Recanati, F., Literal Meaning, Cambridge University Press 2004 King, J. and Stanley J., Semantics, pragmatics, and the role of semantic content, in Szabo Gendler (ed.), pp Szabo Gendler, Z., The distinction between semantics and pragmatics, in Lepore and Smith (eds.). Sperber, D., and Wilson, D., Pragmatics, in Jackson, F., and Smith M. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy, OUP 2005, pp

6 5. Vagueness Overview Sainsbury, M. and Williamson, T., Sorites, in Hale & Wright. Sorensen, R., Vagueness, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Hyde, D., The Sorites Paradox, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Williamson, T., Vagueness, Routledge Useful collections Keefe, R. & Smith, P. (ed.), Vagueness: A Reader, MIT Press 1997 Graff, D., and Williamson, T. (eds.), Vagueness, Aldershot 2000 Dietz, R. and Moruzzi, S. (eds.), Cuts and Clouds: New Essays on the Nature and Logic of Vagueness, OUP Supervaluationism Keefe, R., Vagueness: supervaluationism, Philosophy Compass 3 (2008), pp Williamson, T., Vagueness, Routledge (1994), chapter 5 Fine, K., Vagueness, Truth and Logic, Synthese 30 (1975), pp Kamp, H., Two Theories about Adjectives, in E. L. Keenan, (ed.), Formal Semantics of Natural Language, Cambridge University Press 1975 Lewis, D., Many, but almost one, in his Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology, CUP 1999, pp Other non-classical logics: Williamson, T., Vagueness, chapter 4 Edgington, D., Vagueness by degrees, in Keefe & Smith (eds.) Field, H. No fact of the matter, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 81 (2003), Epistemicism: Williamson, T., Vagueness, chapters 7-8. Kearns, S., and Magidor, O., Epistemicism about vagueness and meta-linguistic safety, Philosophical Perspectives 22 (2008), pp Contextualism and Interest Relativity: Raffman, D., Vagueness without Paradox, Philosophical Review 103 (1994), pp Reprinted in Graff & Williamson (eds.). Fara, D., Shifting Sands: An Interest-Relative Theory of Vagueness, Philosophical Topics 28 (2000), pp (Originally published under the name D. Graff ). Stanley, J., Context, interest-relativity, and the sorites, Analysis 63 (2003), pp Vague objects: Evans, G., Can there be vague objects?, Analysis 38 (1978), p. 208 (Reprinted in Keefe & Smith (eds.)). Lewis, D., Vague Identity: Evans misunderstood, Analysis 48 (1988), pp Noonan, H. W. Vague Identity Yet Again, Analysis 50 (1990), pp

7 6. Metaphor Overview Moran, R., Metaphor, in Hale & Wright Reimer, M., and Camp, E. Metaphor, in Lepore & Smith. Lycan, W., The Philosophy of Language, ch. 14. Readings Davidson, D., What metaphors mean, in Davidson, D., Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation, Clarendon Press (Reprinted in Martinich (ed.) and Davis (ed.)). Black, M., How metaphors work: a reply to Davidson, on Sacks, S. (ed.), On Metaphor, University of Chicago Press Searle, J., Metaphor, in Davis (ed.) and Martinich (ed.), editions 1&2. Martinich, A., A theory of metaphor, Journal of Literary Semantics 13 (1984), pp Reprinted in Martinich, A. (ed.) editions 3&4, and in Davis (ed.). Bergmann, M., Metaphorical Assertions, Philosophical Review 91, pp Reprinted in Davis (ed.). Davies, M., Idiom and metaphor, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 83 (1982/3), pp Camp., E., Contextualism, metaphor, and what is said, Mind and Language 12 (2006), pp Stern, J., Metaphor in Context, MIT Press, (See also critical discussion in, Camp E., Joseph Stern, Metaphor in Context, Nous 39 (2005), pp ). Lakoff, G., The contemporary theory of metaphor, in Ortony, A., (ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2ed ed.), Cambridge University Press 1993.

8 7. Truth Overview: Kirkham, R., Theories of Truth: A Critical Introduction, MIT Press Glanzberg, M., Truth, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Walker, R., Theories of Truth, in Hale & Wright Useful collections: Blackburn, S., and Simmons, K. (eds.), Truth, OUP Schmitt, F., Theories of Truth, Blackwell, 2004 Some classic texts: Tarski, `The Semantic Conception of Truth', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 (1944), pp Reprinted in Blackburn & Simons (eds.) and in Martinich (ed.). Ramsey, On facts and propositions, in Blackburn & Simmons (eds.) James, W., Pragmatism s conception of truth, in his Pragmatism: A new name for old ways of thinking, Longmans Reprinted in Schmitt (ed.) Russell, B., On the nature of truth, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 7 (1906), pp Reprinted in Schmitt (ed.) More contemporary debates: Horwich, The minimalist conception of truth, in Blackburn & Simmons (eds.) Wright, C., Truth: a traditional debate revised, in Blackburn & Simmons (eds) Field, H., Deflationist views of meaning and content, Mind 103 (1994), pp Reprinted in Blackburn & Simmons (eds.) and Schmitt (ed.) Grover, D., Camp, J., and Belnap, N., A prosentential theory of truth, Philosophical Studies 17 (1975). Reprinted in Schmitt. Kitcher, P., On the explanatory role of correspondence truth, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 64 (2002), pp Reprinted in Schmitt (ed.) Davidson, D., The Structure and Content of Truth, Journal of Philosophy, 87 (1990), pp Horwich, P., Truth,OUP1998 Soames, S., Understanding Truth, OUP 1999 (particularly ch. 8) Leitgeb, H., What theories of truth should be like (but cannot be), Philosophy Compass 2 (2007), pp Note: for this topic, see also reading list for Liar Paradox.

9 8. Meaning Overview Lycan, The Philosophy of Language, ch Platts, Ways of Meaning, chapter 2. Theories of meaning Davidson, D., Truth and Meaning, in his Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation, OUP 2001 (Reprinted in Martinich (ed.)). Grice, P. Meaning, in his Studies in the Ways of Words, Harvard University Press 1991, ch. 14. Lewis, D., Languages and Language, in his Philosophical Papers (vol. 1), OUP Barwise, J., and Perry, J., Situations and attitudes, Journal of Philosophy 78 (1981), pp Reprinted in Davis and Gillon (eds.) Harman, G., and Greenberg, M., Conceptual role semantics, in Lepore&Smith (eds.) Papineau, D., Naturalist theories of meaning, in Lepore&Smith (eds.) Horwich, P., Meaning, OUP 1999 Knowledge of Meaning Larson and Segal, Knowledge of Meaning: An Introduction to Semantic Theory, MIT Press 1995, ch. 2. Reprinted in Ludlow (ed.) Soames, S., Semantic and Semantic Competence, Philosophical Perspectives 3 (1989), pp Chomsky, N., Knowledge of Language, Prager 1986, chapter 1&2. Collins, J., Linguistic competence without knowledge of language, Philosophy Compass 2 (2007), pp Scepticism about meaning Quine, W.V.O.., Word and Object, MIT Press (1960), (especially ch.2) Quine, W.V.O., Two dogmas of empiricism, Philosophical Review 60 (1951), pp Kripke, S., Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, HUP Internalism vs. Externalism about meaning Putnam, H., The meaning of meaning, in his Mind, Language, and Reality, Cambridge University Press Burge, T., Individualism and the mental, Midwest Studies in Philosophy 4 (1979), pp Chalmers, D., Two dimensional semantics, in Lepore and Smith (eds.) Boghossian, P. The transparency of mental content, Philosophical Perspectives 8 (1994), pp Segal, G., A Slim Book about Narrow Content, MIT Press, Davis, S., and Gillon, B., Internalist and Externalist Semantic theories, in Davis & Gillon (eds.) Farkas, K., Semantic internalism and externalism, in Lepore and Smith (eds.)

10 9. Conditionals Overview: Edgington, D., Conditionals, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Bennet, J., A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals, OUP 2003 Woods, M., Conditionals, OUP 1997 Useful Collection: Jackson, F. (ed.), Conditionals, OUP 1991 Readings: Stalnaker, R., A Theory of Conditionals, in Cornman, J.,W. (ed.) Studies in Logical Theory, Blackwell (1968), pp Reprinted in Jackson (ed.). Stalnaker,. R., Indicative Conditionals, Philosophia 5 (1975), pp Reprinted in Jackson (ed.). Edgington, D., On Conditionals, Mind 104 (1995), pp Jackson, F., On Assertion and Indicative Conditionals, Philosophical Review 88 (1979), pp McGee, V., A counterexample to Modus Ponens, Journal of Philosophy 1985, pp Kratzer, A. Conditionals, Chicago Linguistics Society 22 (1986), pp Lewis, D., Counterfactuals, Blackwell 1973, ch.1. Grice, P., Studies in the Ways of Words, Harvard University Press (1989), pp Dudman, V.H., On Conditionals, Journal of Philosophy 91 (1994), pp Adams, E., The Logic of Conditionals, Dordrecht 1975.

11 10. Indexicals and Demonstratives Overview: Braun, D., Indexicals, in Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Readings: Kaplan, D., 'Demonstratives', in Almog, J., Perry, J., and Wettstein H.K. (eds.), Themes from Kaplan, OUP Perry, J., 'Frege on demonstratives', Philosophical Review 86 (1977), pp Reprinted in Davis (ed.). Evans, G., Understanding demonstratives, in his Collected Papers, Clarendon Press Braun, D., 'What is character?', Journal of Philosophical Logic 24 (1995), pp Perry, J., The problem of the essential indexical, Nous 13 (1979), pp Reprinted in Martinich (ed.). Lewis, D., Index, Context, and Content, in his Papers in Philosophical Logic, Cambridge University Press Kaplan, D., 'On the Logic of demonstratives', Journal of Philosophical Logic 8 (1970), pp Reprinted in Davis (ed.). King, J., Complex Demonstratives: A Quantificational Account, MIT Press, King, J., Are complex that phrases devices of direct reference?, Nous 33 (1999), pp Wettstein, H., How to bridge the gap between meaning and reference, Synthese 58 (1984), pp Reprinted in Davis (ed.) Weinstein, S., Truth and demonstratives, Nous 8 (1974), pp Reprinted in Davis and Gillon (eds.) Nunberg, G., Descriptive indexicals, and indexical descriptions, in Reimer, M., and Bezuidenhout, A., Descriptions and Beyond, OUP 2004.

12 11. Adverbs Overview: Platts, M., Ways of Meaning, chapter 8. Readings: Davidson, D., The logical form of action sentences, in his Essays on Actions and Events, Clarendon Press, 1980 Parsons, T., Events in the semantics of English, MIT Press 1994 Cresswell, M. J., Adverbs and events, Synthese 28 (1974), pp Stalnaker, R., and Thomason, R., A semantic Theory of Adverbs, Linguistic Inquiry 4 (1973), pp Reprinted in Davis and Gillon (eds.) David Wiggins, Verbs and adverbs and some other mode of grammatical combinations, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 86 (1985/6), pp Bennett, J., Events and their Names, OUP 1988, ch. 11

13 12. Pronouns and Anaphora Overview: King, J., Anaphora, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Heim, I., and Kratzer, A., Semantics in Generative Grammar, Blackwell 1998, chapter Readings: Evans, G., Pronouns, Linguistic Inquiry 11 (1980), pp Reprinted in Davis & Gillon (eds.) Evans, G., Pronouns, Quantifiers, and relative clauses, in his Collected Papers, Clarendon Press Heim, I., E-type pronouns and donkey anaphora, Linguistics and Philosophy 13 (1990), pp Elbourne, P., The interpretation of pronouns, Language and Linguistics Compass 2 (2008), pp Roberts, C., Pronouns as definite, in Reimer, M., and Bezuidenhout, A., Descriptions and Beyond, OUP Neale, S., Descriptive Pronouns and Donkey Anaphora, in Journal of Philosophy 87 (1990), pp Elbourne, P., Situations and Individuals, MIT Press 2005 Note: for this topic, see also the reading list for Indexicals and Demonstratives.

14 13. The Liar Paradox Overview. Kirkham, R., Theories of Truth: A Critical Introduction, MIT Press 1992, ch. 9. Beall, J.C., and Glanzberg, M., The liar paradox, draft for Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (at: Hierarchies. Tarski, A. The semantic conception of truth in Feigl, H., and Sellars, W. (eds.), Readings in Philosophical Analysis, Appleton-Century-Crofts Soames, S., Understanding Truth, OUP 1999, ch. 5. Circularity. Yablo, S., Truth and reflection, Journal of Philosophical Logic 14 (1985), pp Yablo, S., Circularity and paradox, in Bolander, T., Hendricks, V., and Pedersen, S.A. (eds.), Self-reference, CSLI Publications Priest, G., The structure of the paradoxes of self-reference, Mind 103 (1994), pp Barwise, J., and Etchemendy, J., The Liar An Essay on Truth and Circularity, OUP Note: see also readings on the revision theory of truth. Kripke s Theory of Truth. Kripke, S., Outline of a Theory of Truth, The Journal of Philosophy 72 (1975), pp Soames, S., Understanding Truth, OUP 1999, ch. 6. The Revision Theory of Truth. Kremer, P., The Revision Theory of Truth, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Belnap, N., Presentence, revision, truth, and paradox, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 73 (2006), pp Gupta, A., and Belnap, N., The Revision Theory of Truth, MIT Press Dialetheism. Priest, G., Dialetheism, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Parsons, T., True contradictions, Canadian Journal of Philosophy 20 (1990), pp Further reading. Field, H., Saving Truth from Paradox, OUP Beall, J.C. (ed), Revenge of the Liar: New Essays on the Paradox, OUP Glanzberg, M., Minimalism and paradoxes, Synthese 135 (2003), pp Burge, T., 'Semantical Paradox', Journal of Philosophy 76 (1979), pp Martin, R. L., Recent Essays on Truth and the Liar Paradox, OUP 1984.

15 14. Logical Consequence Introductory. Beall, J.C., and Restall, G., `Logical consequence, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Sainsbury, M., Logical Forms (2 nd edition), Blackwell 2001, ch. 1. Tarski Tarski, A., On the Concept of Logical Consequence, in Corcoran, J. (ed.), Logic, Semantics and Metamathematics, Hackett Etchemendy, J., Tarski on truth and logical consequence, Journal of Symbolic Logic 53 (1998), pp Gomèz-Torrente, M., Tarski on logical consequence, Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 37 (1996), pp Soames, S., Understanding Truth, OUP 1999, ch. 3. McGee, V., Two Problems with Tarski s theory of consequence, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 92 (1992), pp Sher, G., Did Tarski commit Tarski s fallacy?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 61 (1996), pp Formality. Gómez-Torrente, M., A note on formality and logical consequence, Journal of Philosophical Logic 29 (2000), pp Etchemendy, J., The doctrine of logic as form, Linguistics and Philosophy 6 (1983), pp MacFarlane, J., What does it mean to say that logic is formal, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh 2000 (at: Restall, G., and Beall, J.C., Logical Pluralism, OUP 2006, ch. 1. Further reading. Sher, G., The Bounds of Logic, MIT Press Gómez-Torrente, M., Logical truth and Tarskian logical truth. Synthese 117 (1998/9), pp Etchemendy, J., The Concept of Logical Consequence, Harvard University Press Carroll, L., What the Tortoise said to Achilles, Mind 4 (1895), pp Field, H., Truth and the unprovability of consistency, Mind 115 (2006), Coffa, J.A., The Semantic Tradition from Kant to Carnap, Cambridge University Press Hanson, W., The concept of logical consequence, Philosophical Review 106 (1997), pp Brandom, R., Making It Explicit, Harvard University Press 1994.

16 15. The Logical Constants/Logical Form Introductory. Sainsbury, M., Logical Forms, Blackwell 2001, ch. 6 MacFarlane, J., Logical constants, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. McCarthy, T., Logical constants, in Craig, E. (ed,), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (vol. 5), Routledge Logical form. Jackson, B., Logical form: classical conception and recent challenges, Philosophy Compass 1/3 (2006), pp Evans, G., Semantic structure and logical form and Appendix II: A further reflection on semantic structure and logical form, in Evans, G., and McDowell, J. (eds.), Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics, Clarendon Press Lepore, E., and Ludwig, K., What is logical form?, in Preyer, G., and Peter, G. (eds.), Logical Form and Language, Clarendon Press ter Meulen, A., Logic and natural language, in Goble, L. (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic, Blackwell The logical constants. The distinctiveness of the logical constants. Tarski, A., What are logical notions?, in Corcoran, J. (ed.), History and Philosophy of Logic 7 (1986), pp Gómez-Torrente, M., The problem of logical constants, Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 8 (2002), pp Sher, G., A characterisation of the logical constants is possible, Theoria: Revista de Teoria, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 18 (2003), pp (Also at: Harris, J. What s so Logical about the Logical Axioms?, Studia Logica 41 (1982), pp The logical constants and inferential rules/conceptual role semantics. Prior, A. N., The runabout Inference-ticket, Analysis 21 (1960), pp Belnap, N. D., Tonk, plonk and plink, Analysis 23 (1962), pp Peacocke, C., Understanding logical constants: A realist's account, Proceedings of the British Academy 73 (1987), pp Peacocke, C., What is a logical constant?, Journal of Philosophy 73 (1976), pp Boghossian, P., Analyticity, in Hale, B., and Wright, C. (eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Language, Blackwell Boghossian, P. and Williamson, T., Blind reasoning, in Aristotelian Society Sup. Vol. 77 (2003), pp

17 16. Quantifier restriction and unrestricted quantification Introductory. Westerståhl, D., Generalized quantifiers, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Glanzberg, M., Quantifiers in LePore, E., and Smith, B. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Language, OUP Quantifier restriction. Stanley, J., and Szabo, Z., On quantifier domain restriction, Mind and Language 15/2 (2000), pp Bach, K., Quantification, qualification and context: a reply to Stanley and Szabo, Mind and Language 15 (2000), pp Stanley, J., and Williamson, T., Quantifiers and context-dependence, Analysis 55 (1995), pp Absolute Generality. Dummett, M., Frege: Philosophy of Language (2nd edition), Harvard University Press 1993, chs Williamson, T., Everything, Philosophical Perspectives 17 (2003), pp Hellman, G., `Against Absolutely Everything, in Rayo, A., and Uzquiano, G. (eds.), Absolute Generality, OUP Parsons, C., The problem of absolute generality, in Rayo, A., and Uzquiano, G. (eds.), Absolute Generality, OUP Glanzberg, M., Context and unrestricted quantification in Rayo, A., and Uzquiano, G. (eds.), Absolute Generality, OUP Further Reading. Barwise, J., and Cooper, R., Generalized quantifiers and natural language, Linguistics and Philosophy 4 (1981), pp Neale, S., Descriptions, MIT Press 1990, ch Stanley, J., Context and logical form, Linguistics and Philosophy 23/4 (2000), pp Bach, K., Conversational implicature, Mind and Language 9 (1994), pp Shapiro, S., and Wright, C., All things indefinitely extensible, in Rayo, A., and Uzquiano, G. (eds.), Absolute Generality, OUP 2006.