Beferences. 1. Introduction. 2. Waiting for Godot

Transcription

1 1. Introduction Beferences I. Samuel Beckett, Cascando and Other Short Dramatic Pieces (New York: Grove Press, n.d. [Cascando copyrighted, 1%3)) p Ruby Cohn, Samuel Beckett: The Comic Gamut (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1962) p Samuel Beckett, Murphy (New York: Grove Press, 1957) pp Waiting for Godot I. Jean Anouilh, Arts Spectacles (27 February-5 March 1953) p. I. 2. Martin Esslin, The Theatre oj the Absurd (New York: Doubleday, 1961)p Colin Duckworth, 'The Making of Godot', in Ruby Cohn (ed.), Casebook on Waiting Jor Godot (New York: Grove Press, 1967) p. 89. Duckworth and Fletcher cited in Deirdre Bair, Samuel Beckett (New Y ork and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978), p Samuel Beckett, Mol/oy, in Three Novels by Samuel Beckett (New York: Grove Press, 1965) p Samuel Beckett, WaitingJor Godot (New York: Grove Press, 1954) pp. 39b-40a. Further quotations from this play will not be noted individually. 189

2 Samuel Beckett 6. Samuel Beckett, The Unnamable, in Three Novels, p Molloy, p The Unnamable, p "9. Molloy, p. 7. :10. Samuel Beckett, Malone Dies, in Three Novels, p Charles R. Lyons, 'Beckett's Major Plays and the Trilogy', Comparative Drama, 5 (Winter, ) p Anse1m Atkins, 'A Note on the Structure of Lucky's Speech', Modern Drama, 9 (December 1966) p See, for example, Walter H. Sokel, The Writer in Extremis (Stanford University Press, 1959) p August Strindberg, 'The Author's Preface to Miss Julie', trans. Evert Sprinchorn, in Robert Corrigan (ed.), Masterpieces 0/ the Modern Scandinavian Theatre (New York: Collier Books, 1967) pp Cohn, TheComicGamut,p Ibid., p William Empson, Some Versions 01 Pastoral (New York: New Directions, 1950) pp Endgame I..lohn Fletcher and John Spurling, Beckett: A Study 0/ His Plays (New York: Hill & Wang, 1972) p Samuel Beckett, Fin de partie (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1957). 3. Samuel Beckett, Endgame (New York: Grove Press, 1958). All citaiions from the play will be taken from this edition and not noted individually. 4. Ruby Cohn, Just Play; Beckett's Theater (Princeton University Press, 1980) p See Richard L. Admussen, The Samuel Beckett Manuscripts: A Study (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979) for a description of the manuscripts. Several years ago I made a detailed study of the material held by the Ohio State University Library, and my analysis of Beckett's work with the text builds upon that study. I have not seen the Reading manuscript and depend here upon Ruby Cohn's well-pointed description. 5. In the French text Beckett uses/inir for C10v's opening speech and casser for Hamm's version. The parallel structure is obvious in the French text but not as striking as in the English translation. 6. Charles R. Lyons, 'Beckett's Endgame: An Anti-Myth of Creation', Modern Drama, 7 (Fall, 1964) pp Molloy, p I refer to the typescript of Beckett's translation of Fin de partie into English held at the Ohio State University Library. 190

3 Rejerences 9. Cohn, Just Play, p Wolfgang Iser, The Implied Reader: Patterns in Communication in Prose Fiction jrom Bunyan to Beckett (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974) p Iser's book was originally published asder Implizite Leser (Munich: Wilhelm Fink, 1972). 4. All that Fall 1. Samuel Beckett, All that Fall in Krapp's Last Tape and Other Dramatic Pieces(New York: Grove Press, 1960) pp This citation is from a manuscript version of the text of All that Fall identified as B in Admussen, held at the Humanities Research Center, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas. 3. Michael Haerdter, Materialien zu Becketts 'Endspiel' (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1968) p. 88, cited in Cohn, Just Play, p The Fin de partie manuscripts document this process weil. See Admussen's discussion in the introduction to The Samuel Beckelt Manuscripts, pp Bair, p Northrop Frye, 'The Road of Excess', in Bernice Slote (ed.), Myth and Symbol: Critical Approaches and Applications (Lineoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963) pp Krapp's Last Tape I. Bair, p. 491; Admussen, pp. 61-2; Samuel Beckett, Krapp's Last Tapeand Other Dramatic Pieces (New York: Grove Press, 1960). 2. Samuel Beckett, Stories and Texts jor Nothing (New York: Grove Press, 1967) p Samuel Beckett, 'Fizzle 8. For To End Yet Again', Fizzles (New York: Grove Press, 1976) pp Originally published in French as Pour jinir encore et autres joirades (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1976). 4. Rick Cluchey and Michael Haerdter, 'Krapp's Last Tape: Production Report', in James Knowlson (ed.), Samuel Beckett: Krapp's Last Tape, A Theatre Workbook (London: Brutus Books, 1980) pp. 134, The Unnamable, p

4 6. Embers and Happy Days Samuel Becket! I. Samuel Beckett, Comment c'est (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1961) trans. by the author as How /t Is (New York: Grove Press, 1964). Embers is included in Krapp's Last Tape and Other Dramatic Pieces, pp l. 2. Admussen, pp. 55-6; Samuel Beckett, Happy Days (New York: Grove Press, 1961). 3. Fizzles, p Samuel Beckett, Proust (New York: Grove Press, n.d.) p. 3. Originally published by Chatto & Windus, London, in Ibid., p Words and Music, Cascando, Play, Film and Eh Joe I. Both works are included in Cascando and Other Short Dramatic Pieces(New York: Grove Press, 1968) pp. 7-19, Admussen, p Raymond Federman and lohn Fletcher, Samuel Beckett: His Works and His Critics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970) p Admussen, p Play is included in Cascando and Other Short Dramatic Pieces, pp Film is also included in Cascando and Other Short Dramatic Pieces, pp Eh Joe is also included in Cascando and Other Short Dramatic Pieces, pp Not I, That Time and Footfalls I. Admussen, p. 72. Not 1 is included in Ends and Odds: Eight New Dramatic Pieces (New York: Grove Press, 1976) pp Bair, p Alain Robbe-Grillet, 'Samuel Becket! or "Presence" in the Theatre', in Martin Esslin (ed.), Samuel Beckett: A Co{{ection 01 Critical Essays (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1965) p That Time is included in Ends and Odds, pp Cohn, Just Play, p Ibid. 7. Footja{{s is included in Ends and Odds, pp

5 References 9. A Piece of Monologue, Rockaby and Ohio Impromptu 1. A Piece 01 Monologue is included in Rockaby and Other Short Pieces (New York: Grove Press, 1981) pp Rockaby and Ohio Impromptu in Rockaby and Other Short Pieces, pp. 7-23,

6 Bibliography Books Admussen, Richard L., The Samuel Beckett Manuscripts: A Study (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979). This is basically a reference work, but it presents a c1ear picture of Beckett's process of composition, and documents whenever possible the real chronology of the works. Balr, DeTrdre, Samuel Beckett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978). Bair has written the only full-iength biography of Beckett, and her work contains a great deal of interesting material. This work should be read with care, however, and with constant reference to footnotes so that the reader can see the kind of evidence upon which any particular speculation is based. The following critical studies should be helpful to readers who wish to gain a c1earer understanding of Beckett's work and his pi ace in twentiethcentury fiction and drama. Cohn, Ruby, Samuel Beckett: The Comic Gamut (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1962). ----, Back to Beckett (Princeton U niversity Press, 1973). ----, lust Play: Beckett's Theater (Princeton University Press, 1980). F1etcher, John, The Novels 01 Samuel Beckett (London: Chatto & Windus, 1964). 194

7 Bibliography Fletcher, lohn and Spurling, lohn, Beckett: A Study 0/ His Plays (New York: Hill & Wang, 1972). Hoffman, Frederick l., Samuel Beckett: The Language 0/ the Se/j (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern IlIinois University Press, 1962). Chapters in Books Bersani, Leo, 'Beckett and the End of Literature', in Balzac to Beckelt. Center and Circum/erence in French Fiction, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970). Esslin, Martin, 'A Theatre of Stasis - Beckett's Late Plays', in Mediations: Essays on Brecht, Beckelt, and the Media (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980). ----, 'Samuel Beckett: The Search for the Self', in The Theatre 0/ the Absurd (Garden City: Doubleday, 1969). This is a revised edition of the original published in Iser, Wolfgang, 'When Is the End Not the End? The Idea of Fiction in Becket!', in The Implied Reader: Patterns 0/ Communication in Prose Fiction/rom Bunyan to Beckett (Baltimore: lohns Hopkins University Press, 1974). Perloff, Marjorie, ' "The Space of a Door": Beckett and the Poetry of Absence', in The Poetics 0/ Indeterminacy: Rimbaud to Cage (Princeton University Press, 1981). 195

8 Index A Piece 0/ Monologue 7, Absurdist Drama, see Theatre of the Absurd Agamemnon 181 Akademie der Kunste 102 Alazon 45, 105 All ThaI Fall 6,75-91,92 Anouilh, Jean 15 antitheses 60, 94-6, 104, 105, 115, Aristotle 45, 90, 183 Asmus, Walter 160 'Assumption' 3 Atkins, Anselm 33 Bair, Deirdre 89, 92 BBC productions 75, 109, biblical imagery 44-5, 62-3 Bing 7 Beckett, John 136 Beckett, Samuel 1-7, 156-7, 170-5; and theatrical production 11-13; shift from fiction to drama 64, 93; and dramatic action 73, 97; use of scenographic images 79-81; and cjassical drama , 181; use of objects 125-7,130; and Realism 130-1; scenic refinement in 1ater p1ays Beckett, Suzanne Deschevaux Dumensnil 5,6 BHn, Roger 6, 11, 50 Cackon country 23-5 Calando see Cascando Camns, Albert 16 Captain Alving 181, see also Ibsen, Henrik Cascando 1,6, 140-5, 148, 164 character 8-11, 38-49, 55-61, 92-3, 104-8, , , 136-9, 140-2, , 154-7, 165-6, 175-6, Chekhov, Anton 20 Cherry Lane Theatre 50, 116 Clov 51,55-7,61,68-9,73-4 Cohn, Ruby 44, 68, 80,

9 Index Come and Go 6 Comment c'est 109 Company (Compagnie) 7 Cronyn, Hume 153 Dante 5,88 darkness 106 Descartes, Rene 3-4, 7 Devine, George 50, 145 Duckworth, Co1in 21-2 Echo's Bones 5 Eco1e Normale Superieure 2 Editions de Minuit, Les 6, 50 Effie Brest 107 Eh Joe 6, 152, 154, 179 Eiron 45-6, 105 Eleutheria 6, Embers 6, , 139 Empson, WilIiam 46 Endgame 10,50-74,76,92,93, 117,123,128,164,165,168, 184, 188 Endon, Mr 8-9 Enough (Assez) 7 Esslin, Martin 15, 169 Estragon 23-4, 29 expression Expressionism 16-17, 38-9 Film 6, 150-2, 173-4, 163 Fin de Partie 50, see also Endgame Finney, Albert 153 Fizzle Fizzles (Pour finir encore et autres foirades) 7 Fletcher, John 22 Footfalls , 184, 99 Frye, Northrup Genesis 62-3 Genet, Jean 15, 16, 17 Ghosts 181, see also Ibsen, Henrik and Captain Alving Gospel of St. John 54 Haerdter, Michael 80 'Hain-P1ay, The' 102 Hamlet 97,181 Hamm 55-7,59,60-1,63,66, 67,68-9,73-4,93, 116, 179 Happy Days 6, 10, , 145, 153, 164, 165, 179, 180, 184 Harris, Rosemary 145 Hegel, G. W. F Henry 114, 115, 116 Herrn, Klaus 160 How It Is (Comment c'est) 7 Ibsen, Henrik 19, 20, 41-2, 181, Imagination Dead Imagine (Imagination morte imaginez) 7 intertextuaiity 43-6 Ionesco, Eugene 15 Iser, Wolfgang 72 Jolas, Eugene 2 Joyce, James 2, 3, 5 Jung, Carl 89 Kaiser, George 39 Keaton, Buster 151 Kenyon Review 169 Krapp's Last Tape 6, 10, , 110, 117, 136, 145, 163 language 26-7, 36-7, 63-4, 53-5,66--7, 102-3, lessness (sans) 7 Lincoln Center 153 Living Theatre 159 Lost Ones, The (Le Depeupleur) 7,169 Lucky 32-3 Mabou Mines 169 Macbeth

10 Index MacGowran, Jack 152 Macon country 23-5 Magee, Patric 92, 145, Malone 92-3 Malone Dies 6, 27 Martin, Jean 50 Marx, Kar! 42-3 Mercier et Camier 6 Mihalovici, Marcel 136 Molloy 64, 66, 67 Molloy 6, 22-3, 25, 73 More Pricks than Kicks 5 Murphy 3,6,8-9 Nagg 60 narrative 96,97, 147-9, 162-5, 170-5, National Theatre 145 Nell 60 Not I 6, 11, 145, 153-9, 160, 162, 165, 167, 169, 175, 179 Oedipus 181 Ohio Impromptu 7, 8, 176, Ohio State University, Columbus 176 Open Theatre 159 Orestes 181 ORTF Oswald 181, see also Ibsen, Henrik Our Exagmination Round his Factification /or Incamination 0/ Work in Progress 2 pastoral 46 persona 26-7, 59 Phedre 181 Pirandello, Luigi 15 PitoHf, George 15 Plato Play 6, , 155, 158, 176 POlzO 32-3 Proust, Marcel 4-5, 126, 127 Racine, Jean radio drama Realism 31, 40-2 Renauld, Madeleine 128, 132 Robbe-Grillet, Alain 156, 185 Rockaby 7,8, , 187, 188 Rooney, Dan 79 Rooney, Maddy 76,78,85,90 Royal Court Theatre 50, 92, 128, 132, 153, 158, 159, 166 Sartre, Jean-Paul 16 scene 19-25, 62-9, 79-84, 100-4, , 123-7, 139, 144-5, 145-7, 157-8, 161, 170, 176-7, Schiller Theatre Werkstatt 160 Schneider, Alan 50, 116;145, 151, 153, 176 Shakespeare, William: Hamlet 19,34; A Midsummer Night's Dream 37; King Lear 38-9 silence 24, 26, 66 skene 20 Solness 186, 187, see also Ibsen, Henrik Sophocles 20, 34, 97 space spectator 13, 48-9, 72 Spiel, see Play Stanford University 169 State University of New York, Buffalo 176 Stephens, Robert 145 Stories and Texts /or Nothing 97 Strindberg, August 40-1 Studio des Champs Elysees 50 Surrealism Tandy, Jessica

11 Index That Time 7,159-66,167,169, 179 The Unnamable 6,24-5,26-7, 73, 104, 179 Theutre Babylone 14 Theatre of the Absurd 17, see also Esslin, Martin theatricality 43-6 time 25-37,69-74,84-91, , , , , 142-4, 147-9, , 170-5, 177-8, Toller, Ernst 39 Transition 3 trilogy 6, see also Malone Dies, Mol/oy and The Unnamable Trinity College 2, 5 Ulm-Donau 145 Vladimir 23-4, 29 Waiting jor Godot I, 6, 10, 14-49,50, 51,62,64,73,76, 123, , 117, 123, 124, 129, 155, 164, 165, 171, 172, 173, 188 Wangel, Hilde 186, see also Ibsen, Henrik Warrilow, David 169 Watt 5,6 White, Ruth 116 Whitelaw, Billie 128, 132, 145, 153, 166, 176 Winnie , passim, 122, 125-6, 131-2, 133 Words and Music 6, , 144, 145, 152, 154, 164, 179, 184 writing 28-30,43,73, 138-9, Zeno's Paradox