English Notes Word Study 1 WORD STUDY PART II: Figurative Language

Transcription

1 English Notes Word Study 1 WORD STUDY PART II: Figurative Language

2 English Notes Word Study 2 Compare and Contrast the Phrases: Directions: Read the phrases. Compare and contrast the phrases using the Venn Diagram below. 1.Smoky wisps curl up like genies 2.His anger was like a giant storm cloud over the sea 3.The clouds swirl about like gauzy curtains 4.The mist was resting on the valley like drifted snow 5.The sky is black as ink 6.The ballerina was as graceful as the morning mist

3 English Notes Word Study 3 I. A simile is... RULE #1: UNDERSTANDING SIMILES A. A figure of speech used to two unlike things, using the words or. i. Example: The muscles on his brawny arms are strong as iron bands. Practice Using Similes: ** Fill in the blank with a noun. Create a simile that is original; avoid cliches (a comparison that is used ALL the time)! 1. The baby was as pure as. 2. Jane worked as hard as. 3. She was agile like a. 4. The girl sang like a. 5. The soda can exploded like a. PRACTICE IDENTIFYING SIMILES Directions: Read the three poems. Highlight any similes that you find. POEM #1 POEM #2 POEM #3 FLINT An emerald is as green as grass, A ruby red as blood; A sapphire shines as blue as heaven; A flint lies in the mud. A diamond is a brilliant stone, To catch the world s desire; An opal holds a fiery spark; But a flint holds a fire. Christina Rossetti FRIENDS A friend is like a mystery, still to be discovered wanting to be figured out. A friend is like a book always very clever waiting to be read. Anonymous (UNTITLED) A hand is like an open basket waiting for you to put things in. A foot is like a walking racket stomp, step, skip, jump in. A nose is like a high up mound that you can climb and then slide down. A mouth is like a funny clown which makes us laugh and never frown. Your eyes are like a fire burning with desire. Your mind is like a climbing wire with every reach you go higher. Anonymous

4 English Notes Word Study 4 PRACTICE WRITING SIMILES Directions: Choose five of the idea nouns from the word bank below and write a simile for each. Highlight one word from each box that you will write a simile for, choose one extra word from any of the categories. Write as if you were going to use the simile in a poem. Make each one descriptive and vivid. We will use these similes in a future assignment. Feelings States/Attributes Ideas/Concepts/Ideals Movements/Events love hate anger peace pride sympathy bravery loyalty honesty integrity compassion charity success courage deceit skill beauty brilliance pain misery beliefs dreams justice truth faith liberty knowledge thought information culture trust dedication progress education hospitality leisure trouble friendships relaxation

5 English Notes Word Study 5 Predictable vs. Clever: Directions: Read the original poem and fill in the similes with your own non-cliche similes. You may not repeat nouns. PREDICTABLE CLEVER Poor as a church mouse, strong as an ox, cute as a button, smart as a fox. Poor as a, strong as an, cute as a, smart as a. Thin as a toothpick, white as a ghost, fit as a fiddle, dumb as a post. Thin as a, white as a, fit as a, dumb as a. Bald as an eagle, neat as a pin, proud as a peacock, ugly as sin. Bald as an, neat as a, proud as a, ugly as. When people are talking, you know what they ll say, as soon as they start, to use a cliche! When people are talking, you know what they ll say, as soon as they start, to use a cliche!

6 English Notes Word Study 6 II. A metaphor is... RULE #2: UNDERSTANDING METAPHORS A. A figure of speech used to two unlike things, using a form of the verb be (,,,,,,, ). The comparison is not announced by the words like or as. i. Example: The road was a ribbon of moonlight. Practice Using Metaphors: ** Fill in the blanks with a noun. Create a metaphor that is original; avoid cliches! 1. My legs were as I raced for the tape. 2. Faced with failure, I felt my heart become a (an). 3. As the audience listened in shocked silence, my fingers became, stumbling over the keys. 4. My feet were as I set out to investigate the peculiar noises coming from the attic.. PRACTICE IDENTIFYING METAPHORS Directions: Read the poems. Highlight any similes that you find in yellow. Highlight any metaphors in green. POEM #1 POEM #2 THE LIGHTHOUSE The lighthouse is the guardian angel of the night. She shines her light for all the lost sailors passing by. Her beam bright as the sun, flashing through the night sky. The lighthouse is a soldier during the storms. Standing tall, unafraid of chaos, Her light is piercing through the storm like sharp knives. The lighthouse is the night owl of the day. Sleeping and tucked away until the night, Her beam off as silent as a deer not wanting to be found. Katherine Sessor FIFTH OF JULY My family is an expired firecracker, set off by the blowtorch of divorce. We lay scattered in many directions like seeds in the wind. My father is the wick, badly burnt but still glowing softly as a fading night light. My mother is the blackened paper fluttering down, blowing this way and that, like a falling leaf, unsure where to land. My sister is the fallen, colorful parachute, lying in a tangled knot, unable to see the beauty she holds like a blind man looking in the mirror. My brother is the fresh, untouched powder that was protected from the flame. And I, I am the singed, outside papers, curled away from everything, silently cursing the blowtorch. Written by: John (7th grade student)

7 English Notes Word Study 7 PRACTICE WRITING METAPHORS Directions: Use the template to write a rough draft of a poem about your family. Remember to use non-cliche metaphors. Make the poem meaningful, descriptive, and vivid. use adjectives and adverbs! EXAMPLE POEM (No plagiarism. Use your own ideas!) METAPHOR FOR A FAMILY My family lives inside a medicine chest: Dad is the super-size band aid, strong and powerful but not always effective in a crisis. Mom is the middle-size tweezer, which picks and pokes and pinches. David is the single small aspirin on the third shelf, sometimes ignored. Muffin, the sheep dog, is a round cotton ball, stained and dirty, that pops off the shelf and bounces in my way as I open the door. And I am the wood and glue which holds us all together with my love. written by: Belinda (7th grade student) WRITE YOUR OWN (Title of Poem) My family is. (Use an adjective and a noun, ex: faded jeans) Dad is the, and (noun) (adjective) (adjective). (phrase/ sentence that goes with your description) Mom is the, and (noun) (adjective) (adjective). (phrase/ sentence that goes with your description) is the, and (sibling s name) (noun) (adjective) (adjective). (phrase/ sentence that goes with your description) *****Repeat line 4 for each sibling that you have (on a separate piece of paper). Feel free to add in pets or grandparents if you are really close with them!***** I am the, and (noun) (adjective) (adjective). (phrase/ sentence that goes with your description)

8 English Notes Word Study 8 Cross it Out: Directions: Cross out the words like or as in the following similes: 1.The baby was like an octopus, grabbing at all the cans on the grocery store shelves. 2.As the teacher entered the room she muttered under her breath, This class is like a three-ring circus!. 3.The giant s steps were like thunder as he ran toward Jack. 4.The pillow was like a cloud when I put my head upon it after a long day. 5.Those girls are like two peas in a pod. Reread each sentence without the like or as, what did you create by crossing off those words? SIMILE OR METAPHOR: Directions: Write an S next to the phrases that are similes and write an M next to the phrases that are metaphors. Write your own simile (#10) and your own metaphor (#11) at the bottom of the page. 1. The fluorescent light was the sun during the test. 2. No one invites Harold to parties because he s a wet blanket. 3. The bar of soap was a slippery eel during the dog s bath. 4. Ted was as nervous as a cat with a long tail in a room full of rocking chairs. 5. She is as sweet as candy. 6. Bob runs like a deer. 7. She slept like a log. 8. My dad is a bear. 9. He was a bird soaring above the ocean hooked into his parasail. 10. A friend is as as. 11. A friend is.

9 English Notes Word Study 9 III. Imagery is... RULE #3: UNDERSTANDING IMAGERY A. Using words that appeal to the senses and create a in the readers mind. There are seven types of imagery: i. Imagery: something that you could see. An example from Robert Frost s poem, Once by the Pacific : the clouds were low and hairy...like locks blown forward in the gleam of eyes. ii. Imagery: something that you could hear. An example from Robert Frost s poem, An Old Man s Winter Night : the roar of trees, the crack of branches, beating on a box. iii. Imagery: something that you could smell. An example from Robert Frost s poem, Unharvested : A scent of ripeness from over a wall...smelling the sweetness is no theft. iv. Imagery: something that you could taste. An example from Robert Frost s poem, A Record Stride : the walking boots that taste of Atlantic and Pacific salt. v. Imagery: something that you could touch. An example from Robert Frost s poem, The Witch of Coos : the bed linens might just as well be ice and the clothes snow. vi. Imagery: an internal sensation or feeling (ex. hunger, thirst, fear). An example from Robert Frost s poem, Storm Fear : My heart owns a doubt, it costs no inward struggle not to go. vii. Imagery: something that moves or has tension. An example from Robert Frost s poem, Ghost House : the black bats tumble and dart. visual auditory olfactory taste touch organic kinesthetic pink red orange shadowy drab glowing glass wooden jumbo gigantic tiny plump loud soft silent screaming thunderous quiet noisy talkative rowdy deafening faint muffled whispered, perfumed acrid putrid burnt smelly reeking noxious pungent aromatic fragrant scented musty sweet-smelling sweet sour acidic bitter salty delicious savory delectable yummy bland yummy appetizing spicy hard soft silky velvety bumpy smooth grainy dry scaly polished wet lumpy freezing useful useless important evil angelic disgusting surprising happy sad scared excited grumpy lonely quick fast slow rushing bustling rapid whirlwind haste squiggly crooked winding serpentine warped

10 English Notes Word Study 10 PRACTICE IDENTIFYING IMAGERY Directions: Read the two poems. Circle or highlight any phrases that use imagery. Note above or next to the phrase if it is (V= visual, A= auditory, O= olfactory, Ta= taste, To= touch, O= organic, K= kinesthetic). POEM #1 POEM #2 SUMMER I like hot days, hot days, Sweat is what you got days, Bugs buzzin from cousin to cousin. Juices dripping, Running and ripping, Catch the one you love days. Birds peeping, Old men sleeping, Lazy days, daisies lay, Beaming and dreaming, Of hot days, hot days, Sweat is what you got days. Walter Dean Myers BALLET DANCING Going to class, Putting on the costume is what you got. Dancing days, Dancing from morning to night, Night to morning. Dancing on toes and feet, Feet and toes. Jumping, twirling, sitting, smiling, Having fun. Turning on music, Music turning on, Listening to the beat, Get ready for the show, Putting on make-up. My teacher makes up dances, From morning to night, Going to classes. Sabrina Yakubovich (4th grade)

11 English Notes Word Study 11 PRACTICE WRITING WITH IMAGERY Directions: Choose an idea noun to be the topic of your cinquain poem. Use pg. 4 of your notes. Use the chart to brainstorm words and phrases to compliment your poem topic. Idea Noun: ORGANIZE YOUR THOUGHTS 5 Adjectives that describe your noun: Adverb + Verb phrases: (example: gracefully danced, purposefully marched, etc.) similes/metaphors to describe your noun: Synonym of the original noun:

12 English Notes Word Study 12 PRACTICE WRITING WITH IMAGERY (continued) Directions: After brainstorming, have your teacher check your chart. Then fill in the template below by using the information in your chart. Be creative! Cinquain Poem: a five-line poem that describes a noun. EXAMPLE CINQUAIN POEM: beauty flawless, simple gracefully dancing, elegantly aging, hopelessly wishing beauty is like a fluffy, white cloud, pristine in a clear blue sky but it vanishes during a storm allure (a one word title, a noun that tells what your poem is about), (adjective) (adjective),,, (adverb) (verb) (adverb) (verb) (adverb) (verb) (a simile describing your idea noun) (synonym for original noun)

13 English Notes Word Study 13 Create Imagery: Directions: Using the chart below, finish the phrase to create an example of each type of imagery. Be creative and avoid cliches! visual auditory olfactory John like.! Was all that I heard as the. The smell of the was as as. taste (gustatory) touch (tactile) kinesthetic tasted like and. The felt like. organic The ocean and like. Shelia is fatigued; and like. (first two blanks need synonyms for fatigue).

14 English Notes Word Study 14 RULE #4: UNDERSTANDING ALLITERATION IV. An Alliteration is... A. Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the of words or the of words. Alliteration is used to create melody, establish mood, call attention to important words, and point out similarities and contrasts. i. Example: wide-eyed and wondering while we wait for others to waken. Practice Using Alliteration: ** Fill in the blank with words to finish the alliteration. Use sixth grade words! 1. aunt ate and around. 2. Becky s and, becoming for Billy. 3. cat clawed her, creating. 4. The dog in the, while drinking water. 5. A eagle eats, enjoying each of eating. 6. Fred s fried for food.

15 English Notes Word Study 15 Picture this: Directions: Choose one of the phrases below. Draw a picture of the phrase. Use the example as your guide. Ex: The run-down house appeared depressed. Phrase Choices: 1. The tree branch moaned as I swung from it. 2. The thunder clapped angrily in the distance. 3. When the DVD went on sale, it flew off the shelves. 4. The moon winked at me through the clouds above. 5. The flowers waltzed in the gentle breeze. 6. The bees played hide and seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one to another. 7. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky. Phrase Illustrating:

16 English Notes Word Study 16 Picture this (continued): Directions: Now redraw your picture. This time use the literal meaning. The literal meaning is when you take each word as it is written. Ex: The run-down house appeared depressed. Phrase Illustrating:

17 English Notes Word Study 17 RULE #5: UNDERSTANDING PERSONIFICATION V. Personification is... A. A figure of speech which gives traits to an, an, or an. i. Example: The trees bowed to the ground. (The author is using an action verb associated with humans to describe the motion of the trees.) Practice Using Personification: ** Fill in the blank with words to finish the personification phrase. Use sixth grade vivid verbs! 1. The flowers for water. 2. The wind as it raced around the house. 3. Lightning across the sky. 4. The carved pumpkin at me. 5. The vines their fingers together to form a braid. 6. The wind softly in the night. 7. The stars at me. 8. The radio to life at the touch of a button. PRACTICE IDENTIFYING PERSONIFICATION Directions: Read the poems. Highlight the object the is being personified and the action given to each object. POEM #1 POEM #2 DINNERTIME CHORUS The teapot sang as the water boiled The ice cubes giggled in their glass the teacups chattered to one another. While the chairs were passing gas The gravy gurgled merrily As the oil danced in a pan. Oh my dinnertime chorus What a lovely, lovely clan! MY TOWN The leaves on the ground danced in the wind The brook sang merrily as it went on its way. The fence posts gossiped and watched cars go by which winked at each other just to say hi. The traffic lights yelled, Stop, slow, go! The tires gripped the road as if clinging to life. Stars in the sky blinked and winked out While the hail was as sharp as a knife.

18 English Notes Word Study 18 PRACTICE IDENTIFYING PERSONIFICATION (continued) POEM #3 POEM #4 GAMES Chipmunks chatter and scurry, Blue jays scream and scold. Robins talk and gossip demanding their story to be told. Squirrels skip and box one another and rabbits play hop scotch. The games they play, the sounds they make Really are top notch. THE GASTRONOMIC GYM Pasta twirling and spinning, peas do vertical jumps mashed potatoes swimming. meat doing bench press and pumps. Food has begun to exercise but it s not in any gym. My brother said its happening right inside of him. Directions: Choose one of the poems above and illustrate the literal (silly) meaning. Include all objects/animals, etc. and the actions they performed. Color your drawing.

19 English Notes Word Study 19 VI. An Onomatopoeia is... RULE #6: UNDERSTANDING ONOMATOPOEIA A. The use of words that mimic. They appeal to our sense of hearing and they help bring a description to life. i. Example: Boom! Practice Using Onomatopoeia ** Fill in the chart. Think of as many sounds as you can for each letter. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

20 English Notes Word Study 20 PRACTICE IDENTIFYING ONOMATOPOEIA Directions: Read the poems below. Highlight all of the onomatopoeia s that you find. POEM #1 POEM #2 MOM & DAD ARE HOME Slam! Slam! Go the car doors. Jangle! Jangle! Go the house keys. Jiggle! Jiggle! Go the keys in the door. Squeak! Goes the front door! Thump! Thump! That is me running down the stairs. Guess what? Mom and Dad are home!! THE GAME Clap! Clap! Stomp! Stomp! Swish! Swish! This is the way we get through Our games. The crowd shouts, Yahoo! The ball soars through the air. Then, bounce, bounce, bounce. The audience holds its breath. SWISH! The ball goes in; We win! POEM #3 POEM #4 CAMPING Crack! Crack! The fire crackles under the stars. Sizzle! Sizzle! The water sizzles above the fire. Crunch! Crunch! The campers crunching on potato chips. Click! Clack! Click! Clack! The tent poles clicking and clacking together. Rustle! Rustle! As we prepare our sleeping bags to go to sleep. Chirp! Chirp! The crickets say, good-night. TO GRANDMA S WE GO Rumble! Rumble! The thunder roars. Drip! Drip! The rain comes down. Boom! Boom! The thunder shakes the window panes. Run to the car! Run to the car! Splash! Splash! To Grandma s we go For hot cocoa. Zoom! Zoom!

21 English Notes Word Study 21 PRACTICE WRITING WITH ONOMATOPOEIA Directions: Choose one of the topics to write an onomatopoeia poem about. You can write about your own, but you must have it cleared by your teacher first. POSSIBLE TOPICS: An old house An amusement park A quiet woods Around a campfire at night A battle or war A day at the beach Christmas morning Thanksgiving dinner A haunted house The Fourth of July Under the sea The zoo A castle A kitchen Swamp life A concert A playground A pirate ship A library or quiet place A subway A farm In the city On a mountain In a blizzard At a football game Playing a board game A walk during fall TROPICAL PARADISE Whoosh! Splash! The water rushes swiftly over the falls and into the clear, blue pool. Tweet! Squawk! A baby flamingo and its mother hold a brief argument. Squelch! Plop! The diamond white sand squishes as I wiggle my toes in contentment. Peace in paradise. (poem title)!! (onomatopoeia) (onomatopoeia) (phrase that explains what the sound is)!! (onomatopoeia) (onomatopoeia) (phrase that explains what the sound is)!! (onomatopoeia) (onomatopoeia) (phrase that explains what the sound is)

22 English Notes Word Study 22 Quick Review: Directions: Code each phrase according to which type of figurative language it uses. (S = simile, M = metaphor, I - imagery, A = alliteration, P = personification, O = onomatopoeia). 1. The cat sat on the mat. 2. The students were like ants crowded around the pizza box. 3. Mr. Soinila s Fantastic, Fabulous Fourth Graders. 4. The fog crept on little baby feet. 5. Snap, crackle, pop! 6. He is a strong ox. 7. The juicy apple made my mouth water and my stomach cramp with hunger. VII. A Hyperbole is... RULE #7: UNDERSTANDING HYPERBOLE A. An statement used to heighten effect. It is not used to mislead the reader, but to a point. i. Example: She s said so on several million occasions. Practice Using Hyperbole: ** Fill in the blanks to finish the hyperbole phrase. Use sixth grade words and avoid cliches! 1. I m so hungry, I could. 2. You snore louder than. 3. He sleeps like. 4. She is than the hills. 5. That joke is so old, the last time I heard it I was. 6., I will die of embarrassment. 7. weighs a ton! 8. His smile was a. 9. Her eyes were as. 10. cats and dogs. 11. He was as big as!

23 English Notes Word Study 23 PRACTICE UNDERSTANDING WRITING HYPERBOLE Directions: Decipher the six hyperboles. 1. My sister uses so much makeup that she broke the chisel trying to get it off last night. What does this really mean? 2. My teacher snores in class, sometimes, I think they have already nailed the lid on her coffin. What does this really mean? 3. My dog has a face that only his mother could love. What does this really mean? 4. I think of you a million times a day. What does this really mean? 5. My best friend is so forgetful, I have to remind her what her name is. What does this really mean? 6. My grandmother was around when the dinosaurs died. What does this really mean? Directions: Write your own hyperbole. REMEMBER IT MUST BE SCHOOL APPROPRIATE. LEAVE THE MAMAS OUT OF THIS ASSIGNMENT. ABSOLUTELY NO YOUR MAMA IS SO...and absolutely no rude statements or offensive statements allowed.

24 English Notes Word Study 24 VIII. An Idiom is... RULE #8: UNDERSTANDING IDIOM A. A word or phrase that means something than the dictionary definition of the word or phrase. Listed below are some of the most common idioms and their meanings. 1. A chip on your shoulder: Being upset for something that happened in the past. 2. A dime a dozen: Anything that is common. 3. A leopard can t change his spots: You cannot change who you are. 4. An arm and a leg: Very expensive. A large amount of money. 5. Apple of my eye: Someone who is cherished above all others. 6. At the drop of a hat: Willing to do something immediately. 7. A picture paints a thousand words: A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words. 8. A piece of cake: A task that can be accomplished very easily. 9. A slap on the wrist: A very mild punishment. 10. A taste of your own medicine: When you are mistreated the same way that you mistreat others. 11. A toss-up: A result that is still unclear and can go either way. 12. Add fuel to the fire: Whenever something is done to make a bad situation even worse than it is. 13. Against the clock: Rushed and short on time. 14. All bark and no bite: When someone is threatening and/or aggressive but not willing to engage. Uses words not actions. 15. All in the same boat: When everyone is facing the same challenges. 16. Give him the slip: To get away from. To escape. 17. Cross your fingers: To hope that something happens the way you want it to. 18. Cry over spilt milk: When you complain about a loss from the past. 19. Cry wolf: Intentionally raise a false alarm. 20. Curiosity killed the cat: Being inquisitive can lead you into a dangerous situation. 21. Don t look a gift horse in the mouth: When someone gives you a gift, don t be ungrateful.

25 English Notes Word Study 25 RULE #8: UNDERSTANDING IDIOM 22. Don t put all you eggs in one basket: Do not put all your resources in one possibility. 23. Down to the wire: Down to the very last second. 24. Back to square one: Having to start all over again. 25. Barking up the wrong tree: A mistake made in something you are trying to achieve. 26. Beating around the bush: Avoiding something. 27. Bend over backwards: Do whatever it takes to help. 28. Between a rock and a hard place: Stuck between two very bad options. 29. Bite off more than you can chew: To take on a task that is way to big. 30. Bite our tongue: Stop talking. 31. Blood is thicker than water: The family bond is closer than anything else. 32. Blue moon: A rare event. 33. Break a leg: A superstitious way to say good luck. 34. Crack someone up: To make someone laugh. 35. Get your walking papers: Get fired from a job. 36. Go out on a limb: Put yourself in a tough position in order to support someone else. 37. Graveyard shift: Working hours from about 12: 00 am to 8: 00 am. The time of the day when most people are sleeping. 38. Head over heels: Very excited or joyful, especially when in love. 39. Hit the books: To study, especially for a test or exam. 40. Hit the hay: Go to bed or to sleep. 41. Hit the nail on the head: Do something exactly right. 42.Drive someone up the wall: To irritate or annoy very much. 43. Dropping like flies: A large number of people either falling ill or dying. 44. Every cloud has a silver lining: Be optimistic, even difficult times will lead to better day. 45. Foam at the mouth: To be enraged or very angry. 46. Get up on the wrong side of the bed: Someone who is having a bad day.

26 English Notes Word Study 26 RULE #8: UNDERSTANDING IDIOM 47. Put a sock in it: To tell a noisy person to be quiet. 48. Raining cats and dogs: A very loud and noisy rain storm. 49. Smell a rat: To detect someone in the group is betraying others. 50. Spitting image: The exact likeness or kind. 51. The ball is in your court: It is your decision this time. 52. The last straw: When one small burden after another creates an unbearable situation, the last straw is the last small burden that one can take. 53. Tie the knot: Get married. 54. Wear your heart on your sleeve: To openly and freely express emotions. 55. When pigs fly: Something that will never ever happen. 56. You are what you eat: In order to stay healthy you must eat healthy food. 57. Hold your horses: Be patient. 58. Icing on the cake: When you already have it good and get something on top of what you already have. 59. To steal someone s thunder: To take the credit for something someone else did. 60. Kick the bucket: Die. 61. Knock on wood: Knuckle tapping on wood in order to avoid bad luck. 62. Lend me your ear: To politely ask for someone s full attention. 63. Let the cat out of the bag: To share a secret that wasn t suppose to be shared. 64. Like a chicken with its head cut off: To act in a frenzied manner. 65. Never bite the hand that feeds you: Don t hurt anyone that helps you. 66. On pins and needles: Anxious or nervous, especially in anticipation of something. 67. On the fence: undecided. 68. Over my dead body: When you absolutely will not allow something to happen. 69. Pulling your leg: Tricking someone as a joke. 70. Under the weather: Feeling ill or sick.