The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, Volume 2

Transcription

1 The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, Volume 2

2 Alfred Marshall about 1892

3 The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, Edited and Introduced by J. K. Whitaker Professor of Economics University of Virginia Volume 2 Palgrave Macmillan

4 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Alfred Marshall's writings Royal Economic Society 1975 Introduction, selection and editorial matter J. K. Whitaker 1975 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. First published 1975 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basing stoke Associated companies in New York Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras SBN This book is sold subject to the standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement

5 Contents Titles given by Marshall himself are in quotation marks Introduction IX PART III 'THETHEORYOFFOREIGNTRADEAND0THER PORTIONS OF ECONOMIC. SCIENCE BEARING ON THE PRINCIPLE OF LAISSEZ F AIRE' General introduction 'Foreign trade in its bearing on industrial and social progress' Introduction Text of Part I, Ch. IV: 'Foreign ttade in its bearing on industrial and social progress' Text of Part I, Ch. V: 'Foreign trade in its bearing on industrial and social progress (continued)' 'Taxes on foreign trade for the purposes of revenue' III. 3.1 Introduction Text of Part I, Ch. VI: 'Taxes on foreign trade for the purposes of revenue' 'Protection to native industries' Introduction Text of a fragment of Part I, Ch. VII: 'Protection to native industries' The pure theory of foreign trade Introduction 111

6 Vl III.5.2 Text of The pure theory of foreign trade Ch. I : Contents The scope of the pure theory of foreign trade 117 Ch. II : The premises of the pure theory of foreign trade. The method of diagrams. The fundamental laws of curves which represent international demand 129 Ch. III: Stable and unstable equilibrium of foreign trade 149 Ch. IV: Variations of international demand as affecting the rate of interchange. The incidence of customs taxes 166 III.6 The pure theory of domestic values III.6.1 Introduction 181 III.6.2 Text of The pure theory of domestic values Ch. I : Domestic values 186 Ch. II : The total burden of a tax. Consumers' rent 212 PART IV: MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON ECONOMIC THEORY IV.1 Introduction 239 IV.2 Notes on other economists, c IV.2.1 Annotations of Cournot 240 IV.2.2 On von Thi.inen 248 IV.2.3 On Turgot 252 IV.2.4 On Adam Smith's treatment of rent 253 IV.2.5 On Adam Smith on the importation of IV.2.6 corn 255 On Ricardo's discussion of bounties on production 257 IV.2. 7 On Ricardo on supply and demand 259 IV.2.8 On McLeod on value 261 IV.2.9 'Thornton on Labour' 262 IV.2.10 On Richard Jones 264

7 Contents IV.2.11 The review of Edgeworth's Mathematical Psychics 265 IV.3 Pages from a mathematical notebook, c IV.3.1 Rent 269 IV.3.2 Triangular barter 272 IV.3.3 'Wages' 275 IV.3.4 'Money' 277 IV.3.5 'Influence of taxation' 279 IV.3.6 'Tolls (and railway fares)' 281 IV.4 Miscellaneous notes on economic theory, c IV.4.1 'Graphic representation by aid of a series of hyperbolas of some economic problems having reference - to monopolies' 283 IV.4.2 'Abstract theory of a gener.al uniform tax' 285 IV.4.3 On competitive equilibrium 302 IV.4.4 Notes on the theory of economic growth 305 IV.4.5 'On utilitarianism: a summum bonum' 316 IV.4.6 A mathematical note on rent 319 IV.4.7 Fragments on marginal-productivity IV.5 IV.4.8 theory 322 Two mathematical notes on distributi~ 3~ Fragments for the Principles IV.5.1 Three aides-memoire, IV.5.2 On substitution in joint supply 336 Vll PART V WIDER THEMES- SOCIAL THOUGHT AND ECONOMIC POLICY V.1 Introduction 341 V.2 'Fragments on trades unions' V.2.1 Introduction 345 V.2.2 Text of 'Fragments on trades unions' 346 V.3 'Some features of American industry' V. 3.1 Introduction 352

8 Vlll Contents V.3.2 Text of 'Some features of American industry' 355 V.4 Lecture notes on taxation, 1880 V.4.1 Introduction 377 V.4.2 Text of Lecture notes on taxation 379 V.5 'The pressure of population on the means of subsistence' V.5.1 Introduction 385 V.5.2 Text of 'The pressure of population on the means of subsistence' 387 Appendixes The Marshall papers and their editing 395 Explanatory list of editorial additions and substitutions 398 Index of Names for Volume Index of Subjects for Volume 2 403

9 Introduction This Volume continues the printing of a selection of Marshall's early writings. Part III reproduces the surviving portions of a manuscript on international trade composed by Marshall in the mid 1870s. The two pairs of chapters from it that Sidgwick had printed for private circulation in 1879 are restored here to their original setting. Part IV reproduces various miscellaneous notes on economic theory including some significant contributions as well as many fragments of historical or illustrative interest. Finally, Part V reproduces four pieces on wider issues. Appendixes describe the editing of the manuscripts and account for unexplained editorial changes shown in the text. Editorial commentary is kept to a minimum, an extended introduction having been given in Part I, printed in Volume 1 (which also includes as Part II Marshall's earliest essays on economic theory). Full details will be found in the Contents, which are given in full for both Volumes on pp. v-ix of Volume 1, where also a list of brief titles for citations appears on pp. XVU-XVlll. In each Volume, Parts are divided into Sections, such as Section IV.3, and often Sections into Items, such as Item IV.3.2. Cross references are given in such terms when possible, so that 'above' will refer to Volume 1 for references to Parts I and II. But page references to Volume 1 are expressly indicated.