Citation Analysis. Presented by: Rama R Ramakrishnan Librarian (Instructional Services) Engineering Librarian (Aerospace & Mechanical)

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1 Citation Analysis Presented by: Rama R Ramakrishnan Librarian (Instructional Services) Engineering Librarian (Aerospace & Mechanical)

2 Learning outcomes At the end of this session: You will be able to navigate citation databases in order to find seminal works and related works for further research You will be able to navigate journal citation report to obtain Impact factor and Immediacy index for journals in a subject category 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 2

3 Influence of Papers Citations - A Web of Influence Scholarly Communication Advancement in knowledge Recognition & rewards for participants Individuals Organizations A social process 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 3

4 Influence of Papers Citation Analysis What? Citation analysis essentially involves counting the number of times a scientific paper or scientist is cited, and it works on the assumption that influential scientists and important works will be cited more frequently than others Moed, H.F., Citation analysis in research evaluation. Information science and knowledge management ;. 2005, Dordrecht ; [Great Britain]: Springer. xiii, 346 p NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 4

5 Influence of Papers Citation Analysis Why? A smart discovery to knowledge in data rich environment (taken from a presentation given by Scopus in 2006) Go beyond Search and Save approach, analyse your results further and expand your perspectives Do an in-depth investigation of, Important trends and patterns in your research area Identify emerging research areas Trace the development of a theory or idea Identify colleagues in the research fields to collaborate further Track impact of a research 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 5

for articles, books, or other materials that, 1. have cited or referenced this work (forward) & 2.

6 Influence of Papers Citation Analysis How? Specialized type of research in which the researcher searches forward or backward starting from the known work for articles, books, or other materials that, 1. have cited or referenced this work (forward) & 2. has been cited by the work (backward) Who influenced the writing of this work Who are influenced by this work? What impact has this work created? 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 6

Influence of Papers Linking works: Indexing Citations COMMON INDEXING FIELD Author/s. Affiliation.. Title.. Journal title. Vol/Issue/Date Pagination.

9 Influence of Papers Linking works: Indexing Citations COMMON INDEXING FIELD Author/s. Affiliation.. Title.. Journal title. Vol/Issue/Date Pagination. Subjects.. Abstract.. CITATION INDEXING FIELDS References References Author Title Source Author Title Source 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 9

Indexing citations: Web of influence Your known work A Times Cited 2004 2004 2004 2004 References 2002 A is cited by 2003 2004 2003 A is citing 2000 2001 1996 A is related with (Cross-Discipline)

10 Indexing citations: Web of influence Your known work A Times Cited References 2002 A is cited by A is citing A is related with (Cross-Discipline) Related articles Citing navigating Backward in time via Cited References Forward in time via Times Cited and through Related Records 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved

11 Influence of Papers Citation Searching Sources of Citation Information at NTU Library Web of Science (1900-present) SCI (Science Citation Index) SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) Scopus (Citations: 1996-present) Science & Engineering, Arts & SocialSciences, Business, Life Sciences, Health Sciences Others SciFinder Covers comprehensive chemical literature from Chemical Abstracts Citeseer.IST Covers mainly computer science & information science literature Dedicated to citation info Oldest, most established Cover > 8,700 journals Multi-disciplinary Largest abstract and citation database Covers > 17,000 journals Multi-disciplinary Google Scholar Covers new publication types, but coverage unknown EbscoHost Covers social science, business, Psychology IEEE Xplore MathSciNet ScienceDirect JSTOR 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 11

12 Influence of Papers Citation Searching ISI Web of Knowledge is a comprehensive research platform that provides access to a wide range of multidisciplinary and subject-specific resources, from Thomson Scientific. All together, these resources provide a breadth and depth of coverage from over 23,000 journals, 23 million patents, 148,000 proceedings, 9,000 web sites, 100 years of backfiles, over 760 million cited references ISI Web of Knowledge Web of Science Journal Citation Reports SCI Science Citation Index SSCI Social Science Citation Index A&HCI Arts & Humanities Citation Index ISI Conference Proceedings JCR Science Edition JCR Social Sciences Edition Essential Science Indicators IN-CITES SCIENCE-WATCH 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 12

15 h - index The h-index attempts to measure both the productivity and impact of the published work of a researcher or scholar. It s a measure of the number of highly impactful papers a researcher has published. The h-index is calculated using two values or numbers: (i) Total number of papers published. (ii) Number of citations for each paper published. Definiton: A scientist has index h if h of his/her Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np h) papers have no more than h citations each. J. E. Hirsch., An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output: 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 102, pp

17 h - index List of papers published Number of citations for the paper Paper A 1 Paper B 2 Paper C 3 Paper D 1 Paper E 1 Paper F 5 List of papers published Paper F 5 Paper C 3 Paper B 2 Paper D 1 Paper E 1 Paper A 1 Number of citations for the paper h - index NTU Libraries. All rights reserved

18 h - index Advantages over other metrics: It takes into account the citations to a paper, not the journals. Well cited or influential papers do not greatly influence h-index. Poorly cited large number of papers do not influence h-index Weakness of h-index: Highly cited papers for negative reasons are counted. The number and position of authors on a paper is ignored. The number of publication is taken into consideration (disadvantage to those with shorter career.)

20 Journal citation metrics Journal Citation Report (Web of Knowledge) Science edition over 8,000 journals Social Sciences edition over 2,600 journals Impact factor Immediacy Index 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 20

21 Journal Citation Reports (JCR) The Journal Impact Factor is calculated by dividing the number of citations in the JCR year by the total number of articles published in the two previous years. An example for Impact factor calculation: Cites in 2011 to articles published in.2010 Cites in 2011 to articles published in Number of articles published in 2010 Number of articles published in Sum of Citations 433 Total number of Articles 93 Journal Impact Factor = Sum of Citations(433) Total number of Articles(93) = NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 21

22 Journal Citation Reports (JCR) The Journal Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. An example for Immediacy index calculation: Cites in 2011 to articles published in Number of articles published in Immediacy Index = Number of Citations(27) Number of Articles(45) = NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 22

23 Immediacy index Number of times a paper, published in (2012), is cited in 2012). JCR 2012 Physics, Applied An Immediacy Index of 1.0 means that, on average, the articles in the journal have been cited one time within the same year NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 23

Scopus Includes Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Social Sciences and Physical Sciences >19,000 titles from 5,000 international publishers SCOPUS Main Focus Science &

26 Scopus Includes Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Social Sciences and Physical Sciences >19,000 titles from 5,000 international publishers SCOPUS Main Focus Science & Engineering Goes back to 1960s Cited references from 1996 Conference proceedings patents, open access journals, web pages 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 26

27 Limit search by year, document type or subject area SEARCH OPERATORS Search using OR, AND, AND NOT, to create logical search statements. Nest search operators inside parentheses. Search exact or truncated phrases inside parentheses. WILDCARD SYMBOLS Use truncation to retrieve plurals and variant spellings. * = zero to many characters? = one character 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 27

Citation Alerts Use the E-mail Alerts to track who has cited

cite your selected document How to set up Document citation

o o o o o Register for an account Perform a new search Click

the E-mail Alert' link below the Citations column on the

29 Citation Alerts Use the Alerts to track who has cited your papers notifies you when newly loaded documents cite your selected document How to set up Document citation alerts? o o o o o Register for an account Perform a new search Click the 'Abstract and Refs' button of one of these results Click the Alert' link below the Citations column on the right Select the frequency to receive the alert Daily, Weekly, Monthly 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 29

50 documents in a list) o Print / Email o

30 Output format o Export citation records to Excel format o Save the list (save the 50 documents in a list) o Print / o Export to EndNote library (maximum 1000 records one go) Export citing documents of a single publication or multiple publications to EndNote library Not advisable to download too many records (e.g. 2267) Download in piecemeal (by year or publication) 2013 NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 30

31 Get noticed and get cited! 1. Keep research profiles (ResearcherID, Google Scholar) up-to-date by adding new publications periodically. 2. Maintain a consistent personal name. 3. Include institution name, Nanyang Technological University. 4. Report inaccuracies in citation details encountered with your publications (Web of Science or Scopus) to NTU Libraries (Scholarly Communication) 5. Beyond citation counting who is citing your paper, from which institution, from which discipline, etc. 6. Deposit accepted versions of papers in NTU s institutional repository. Research have shown positive correlation between citation and open access. Contact NTU Libraries (Scholarly Communication) to get started NTU Libraries. All rights reserved. 31

Cited Publications 1 (ISI Indexed) (6 Apr 2012)

Cited Publications 1 (ISI Indexed) (6 Apr 2012) This newsletter covers some useful information about cited publications. It starts with an introduction to citation databases and usefulness of cited references.