APA documentation style Finding readings & citing them in APA style

Transcription

1 Quick library overview APA documentation style Finding readings & citing them in APA style Media Literacy 4 & 11 March 2016 Jit Shalin, Professor; Liz Dobson, Librarian 1

2 Today s class PowerPoint and handout are posted on the library website under RESEARCH Library Classes

3 LIBRARY HOMEPAGE Browse the library website to see what is on offer!

4 Your Library Account You need an active library account to use the library and to access full text library resources from off-campus.. Come in person to the Library with your Student Card and staff will activate it for library use. Ashtonbee Library, Room L-202 4

5 LIBRARY SERVICES Guides you likely want to use APA Style Guide & Articles Search Assistance Guide

6 Documenting your sources APA style YOUR DOCUMENTED ESSAY

7 Which essay pair will you choose? What strong central argument will you develop? 7

8 3 8

9 Sample arguments for Essay Pair #1 Which is more important: the public good or individual well being when looking at paying taxes and getting married? ~ Why pay taxes? Why get married? This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of each, and show how they both contribute to fulfilling societal needs. 9

10 Your writing normally includes 3 types of material 1. Your ideas 2. Your summaries of others ideas and facts ( paraphrases ) 3. Quotations from your sources (MLA Handbook, 2009)

11 Why acknowledge your sources? 1. Avoid plagiarism and its penalties. 1. Add weight to your statements by citing authorities that support you views. 2. Enable your readers to pursue the topic further, &/or evaluate your use of others work.

12 When do you not need to acknowledge a source? You need to acknowledge the source of an idea unless it is common knowledge in your subject area. The sky is blue is common knowledge. When in doubt, cite! 12

13 APA Style How to cite your sources & format your papers American Psychological Association Provides rules and guidelines for citing your sources in-text and in your references list and formatting ( stylistics )

14 cc by futureatlas.com 14

15 Example of a paraphrase (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171) [Word doc] Marriage in the future will become less central to the lives of adults. You got this statement from a book, by S. L. Nock

16 Example of a paraphrase (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171) [Word doc] In-text citation: Marriage in the future will become less central to the lives of adults (Nock, 2009, p. 302). According to APA, adding page number is optional for paraphrases - Centennial Libraries recommends inclusion

17 Example of a simple quotation fewer than 40 words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171) [Word doc] In-text citation: According to some, marriage in the future will be less central as a defining event in the life course of adults than it is in the present (Nock, 2009, p.302). According to APA, adding page number is mandatory when using a quotation.

18 [Word doc] Example of a simple quotation with fewer than 40 words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171) This variation is also correct. In-text citation: Nock believes that current trends indicate that marriage in the future will be less central as a defining event in the life course of adults that it is in the present (2009, p.302).

19 [Word doc] Example of quotation 40 or more words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171) Most research indicates that Americans see marriage as a positive value; for example: The market generates distinctions based on marital status because those willing to marry are viewed as more valuable. This has little to do with the law. Indeed, it contradicts the law. Like the market, countless other social forces are involved in creating distinctions among people that reflect their marital and parental statuses. Those who wish to reduce inequalities associated with marital status should be modest in their expectations about the impact of change on the institution of American marriage. (Nock, 2009, p. 321)

20 References (APA) Listed alphabetically at the end of your paper Each reference you cite in-text must appear in the References list, and each entry in the References list must be cited in-text. (APA Manual, p. 174) [Word doc] 20

21 [Word doc] Example of a short in-text citation that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178) Reginald Smithson suggests that if marriage implies valuable traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not. You are quoting from Reginald Smithson - who was quoted in Nock s book (the book you were reading.)

22 [Word doc] Example of a short in-text citation that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178) In-text citation: Reginald Smithson suggests that if marriage implies valuable traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not (as cited in Nock, 2009, p. 300). You cite an author (Smith) here. You did not actually see Smith s publication. You saw it cited in Nock s book that you did read.

23 [Word doc] Example of a reference that is a secondary source (See APA Manual, Section 6.17, p. 178) References Nock, S.L. (2009). The growing importance of marriage in America. In H. Peters & C. Dush (Eds.), Marriage and family : Perspectives and complexities (pp ). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from ProQuest ebrary. Your reference is for the book chapter you actually read.

24 [Word doc] Putting it all together: In-text citation & Reference Example of a secondary source citation In-text citation: Smith suggests that if marriage implies valuable traits about individuals, then those who are married may enjoy benefits that their unmarried counterparts do not (as cited in Nock, 2009, p. 300). References list: Nock, S.L. (2009). The growing importance of marriage in America. In H. Peters & C. Dush (Eds.), Marriage and family: Perspectives and complexities (pp ). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from ProQuest ebrary. Pp

25 What does the APA Publication Manual say about secondary sources? Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English. ~ APA Publication Manual, 6 th edition, Section 6.17, p

26 APA Citation help in library E- Resources (databases) 26

27 APA Citation help in library E- Resources (databases) You need to know the APA rules to make slight adjustments, if needed. 27

28 APA Citation help in Microsoft Word go to References tab, create (Insert) Citations, then when you have all you need, go to Bibliography 28

29 Tutoring help with APA Style at Centennial s Centre for Academic English 29

30 APA style is also about appearance (format): How important is appearance? Source: Source: 30

31 Appearance - if not everything is important Appearance really is everything. I asked over 70 current and aspiring business owners and business leaders a simple question of what the first thing they noticed upon meeting someone for the first time. Non-Appearance answers centred around authenticity, punctuality, hand-shake and energy. But by far the greatest number of answers centred around appearance. Face, smile, eye-contact, body-language, bodyshape along with style and appropriateness of dress. Gary Chaplin, Executive Employment Recruiter Source: 31

32 APA format enhances readability & makes a good impression!

33 Library & Internet sources FINDING READINGS & CITING SOURCES 33

34 LIBRARY Search Everything discovery tool 34

35 LIBRARY Search Everything discovery tool Search with two concepts separated by AND operator (capitalized) 35

36 Results list Click on the title (or Full Text link) to get to the article 36

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38 Source: NewsRXHealth No in-text references, no References list or bibliography It s a magazine article 38

39 Who wrote this article? 39

40 Citation help in database 40

41 Citation help You need to know the APA rules to make slight adjustments, if needed. 41

42 Go to Abstract/Details (also called Detailed Record in some databases) to find the name of the database article is offered 42

43 Abstract/Details page 43

44 A one-page magazine article with no issue number and no author from a library database - cited in APA style Study finds few well-being advantages to marriage over cohabitation. (2012). NewsRx Health,, 20. Retrieved from ProQuest Science Journals database. 44

45 This time, we want a book on this subject start again 45

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47 To limit results to books on the shelf (print/paper) limit your results by LIBRARY LOCATION 47

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49 Book in print format cited in APA style Waite, L.J. (2001). The case for marriage: Why married people are happier, healthier, and better off financially. New York, NY: Broadway Books. 49

50 INTERNET Google keyword search 50

51 INTERNET Google search with natural language and using quotation marks to lock in a phrase 51

52 A publication on the Internet...written by Andrew Hess and Glenn T. Stanton Is it a report? 52

53 it was published September

54 The PDF version Looks like it is a MEMO, one in a series of ongoing publications Is it a newsletter or magazine? 54

55 With Internet sources, you often need to use your judgment on how to cite. Newsletter on the Internet - cited in APA style Hess, A., & Stanton, G.T. (2012, September). The health benefits of marriage. Focus on the Family Findings MEMO. Retrieved from 55

56 LIBRARY Articles Search Assistance Guide - advice on how to use Centennial Libraries search tools, and how to find scholarly articles on the Internet 56

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58 Media Literacy On journalism and democracy Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are essential to a healthy democracy. ~ Robert McChesney Image source: Part 2: 12:44 o/rich-media-poor-democracy 58

59 Canadians increasingly are using the Internet, rather than newspapers and television for their news. (2016) Source: Spotlight on Canadians: Results from the General Social Survey The use of media to follow news and current affairs logo for General Social Survey Release date: February 15, eng.htm 59

60 70% of Canadians surveyed in 2013 use social networking sites most popular among young people aged Source: Statistics Canada. General Social Survey: Social identity, Retrieved from How do Canadians get the news on the Internet through social networking sites?? 60

61 A recent study (2015) on American Facebook and Twitter users and the news: 63% of people in the United States use Facebook and Twitter increasingly as a source of news (Is there a similar study for Canadian Facebook & Twitter users and the news?) How do Americans get the news on the Internet through social networking sites?? 61

62 What we do know How Facebook News Feeds work They are customized you get news that Facebook thinks you will like (based on your profile and track record). 62

63 US Facebook users complain that they did not get the news about the Ferguson riots How does Facebook see us? How do we see ourselves? Individual consumers with desires that need to be met, or members of a wider community with social concerns? 63