Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan
|
|
- Laurence Bradley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Network Security Substitution Techniques Lecture#4 Mazhar Hussain
2 Lecture 4: Substitution Techniques Polybius Cipher Playfair Cipher Vernam Cipher 2
3 Polybius Cipher 3
4 Polybius Cipher A Polybius Square is a table that allows someone to translate letters into numbers To give a small level of encryption, this table can be randomized and shared with the recipient In order to fit the 26 letters of the alphabet into the 25 spots created by the table The letters I and J are usually combined but it also depends on the sender/cryptographer which can make changes into the hierarchy of table 4
5 To encipher a message you replace each letter with the row and column in which it appears For example, D should be replaced with 14 To decipher a message you find the letter that intersects the specified row and column Example: Plain Text: Continued THIS IS A SECRET MESSAGE Cipher Text:
6 Decrypt the Following given Cipher Text and generate the meaningful Plain Text Cipher Text: What will be they Key?? 6
7 The Polybius Square is essentially identical to the simple substitution cipher, except that each plaintext character is enciphered as 2 cipher text characters It can usually be detected if there are only 5 or 6 different characters in the cipher text This algorithm offers very little communication security, and can be easily broken even by hand, especially as the messages become longer (more than several hundred cipher text characters) 7
8 Keys for the Polybius Square usually consist of a 25 letter 'key square also (the letters along the top and side can be chosen arbitrarily) An example encryption using the given key: Cipher Text: CCBACBBABECCEDABBABABBDDEDEABBBDBD CACB EDABBADBBBDDEDBDBA Plain Text: defend the east wall of the castle 8
9 It is easy to see how each character in the plaintext is replaced with 2 characters in the cipher alphabet Decryption is just as easy, by using 2 cipher characters as the row and column into the key square to get the original plaintext character back When generating keys it is popular to use a key word, e.g. 'zebra' to generate it, since it is much easier to remember a key word compared to a random jumble of 25 characters Cipher Alphabet: zebracdfghiklmnopqstuvwxy 9
10 Here we have written out the key as a single string instead of a square Cipher Alphabet: zebracdfghiklmnopqstuvwxy Cipher Text Alphabets: abcde To create the square, the first 5 characters make the first row, the second 5 characters make the second row etc If your keyword has repeated characters, be careful not to include the repeated characters in the cipher alphabet 10
11 Playfair Cipher 11
12 Playfair Cipher The Playfair cipher was the first practical digraph substitution cipher The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone, but was named after Lord Playfair who promoted the use of the cipher The technique encrypts pairs of letters (digraphs), instead of single letters as in the simple substitution cipher 12
13 The Playfair is significantly harder to break since the frequency analysis used for simple substitution ciphers does not work with it The Playfair algorithm is based on the use of a 5 5 matrix of letters constructed using a keyword Frequency analysis can still be undertaken, but on the 25*25=625 possible digraphs rather than the 25 possible monographs 13
14 It was used for tactical purposes by British forces in the Second Boer War and in World War I and for the same purpose by the Australians during World War II. This was because Playfair is reasonably fast to use and requires no special equipment A typical scenario for Playfair use would be to protect important but non-critical secrets during actual combat. By the time the enemy cryptanalysts could break the message the information was useless to them 14
15 Perhaps the most famous cipher of 1943 involved the future president of the U.S., J. F. Kennedy, Jr. On 2 August 1943 The KEY' for a Playfair cipher is generally a word, for the sake of example we will choose 'monarchy'. This is then used to generate a 'key square', e.g. 15
16 Any sequence of 25 letters can be used as a key, so long as all letters are in it and there are no repeats. Note that there is no 'j', it is combined with 'i' We now apply the encryption rules to encrypt the plaintext 1. Identify any double letters in the plaintext and replace the second occurrence with an 'x' e.g. 'hammer' -> 'hamxer' 2. If the plaintext has an odd number of characters, append an 'x' to the end to make it even 16
17 3. Break the plaintext into pairs of letters, e.g. 'hamxer' -> 'ha mx er' 4. The algorithm now works on each of the letter pairs 5. If the letters are in different rows and columns, replace the pair with the letters on the same row respectively but at the other pair of corners of the rectangle defined by the original pair. The order is important the first encrypted letter of the pair is the one that lies on the same row as the first plaintext letter 'ha' -> 'bo', 'es' -> 'il' 17
18 6. If the letters appear on the same row of the table, replace them with the letters to their immediate right respectively (wrapping around to the left side of the row if a letter in the original pair was on the right side of the row) 'ma' -> 'or', 'lp' -> 'pq' 7. If the letters appear on the same column of the table, replace them with the letters immediately below respectively (wrapping around to the top side of the column if a letter in the original pair was on the bottom side of the column) 'rk' -> 'dt', 'pv' -> 'vo' 18
19 Clarification with pictures. There are three general cases: 19
20 PROBLEM 1 Key Square: monarchybdefgiklpqstuvwxz Cipher Text: ugrmkcsxhmufmkbtoxgcmvatluiv What will be the Plain Text of the given Cipher and Key?? Plain Text: wearediscoveredsaveyourselfx We are discovered save yourself 20
21 PROBLEM 2 The KEY' for a Playfair cipher is : PROBLEMS Use it to generate a Key Square Key Square: PROBLEMSACDFGHIKNQTUVWXYZ Cipher Text: AGMVMKQYQBYTMAQBPM What will be the Plain Text of the given Cipher and Key Square?? 21
22 The Plain Text of the given Cipher and Key Square must be: SHEWENTXTOTHESTORE SH EW EN TX TO TH ES TO RE SHE WENT TO THE STORE 22
23 PROBLEM 3 The KEY' for a Playfair cipher is : NETWORKSECURITY Use it to generate a Key Square Key Square: NETWORKSCURITYABCDFGHQVXZ Plain Text: THIS SUBJECT IS HEADACHE What will be the Cipher Text of the given Plain Text and Key Square?? 23
24 The Cipher Text of the given Plain Text and Key Square must be:- NVTKCRCRWKETRVOIGTRXWQ NV TK CR CR WK ET RV OI GT RX WQ 24
25 Key Square: baklxernydhmiuqvsgtcfwopz Cipher Text: VUMGTMKHDVGUVMRBRXVQDB What will be the Plain Text of the given Cipher Text and Key Square?? THISSUBJECTISHEADACHEX THIS SUBJECT IS HEADACHE 25
26 Vernam Cipher 26
27 Vernam Cipher The ultimate defense against such a cryptanalysis is to choose a keyword that is as long as the plaintext and has no statistical relationship to it Such a system was introduced by an engineer named Gilbert Vernam in 1918 His system works on binary data (bits) rather than letters The system can be expressed briefly in upcoming slides 27
28 In modern terminology, a Vernam cipher is a symmetrical stream cipher in which the plaintext is combined with a random or pseudorandom stream of data (the "key stream") of the same length, to generate the cipher text, using the Boolean "exclusive or" (XOR) function This is symbolized by and is represented by the following "truth table", where + represents "true" and represents "false 28
29 29
30 Spirit of this technique is the means of construction of the key Vernam proposed the use of a running loop of tape that eventually repeated the key, so that in fact the system worked with a very long but repeating keyword Although such a scheme, with a long key, presents to challenge cryptanalyst. But, it can be broken with sufficient cipher text, the use of known or likely plaintext sequences, or both 30
31 END OF LECTURE 4 31
Playfair Cipher. From the earliest forms of stenography to the most advanced forms of encryption, the
Baldwin 1 Erin Baldwin Dr. Bruff FYWS Cryptology October 27, 2010 Playfair Cipher From the earliest forms of stenography to the most advanced forms of encryption, the field of cryptography has advanced
More informationPART FIVE. Transposition Systems TYPES OF TRANSPOSITION SYSTEMS
PART FIVE Transposition Systems TYPES OF TRANSPOSITION SYSTEMS CHAPTER 11 11-1. Nature of Transposition Transposition systems are fundamentally different from substitution systems. In substitution systems,
More informationAn Introduction to Cryptography
An Introduction to http://www.southernct.edu/~fields/ Terminology is the study of secret writing. This is the only branch of mathematics to be designated by the U.S. government as export-controlled. Cryptographic
More informationCSc 466/566. Computer Security. 4 : Cryptography Introduction
1/51 CSc 466/566 Computer Security 4 : Cryptography Introduction Version: 2012/02/06 16:06:05 Department of Computer Science University of Arizona collberg@gmail.com Copyright c 2012 Christian Collberg
More informationSherlock Holmes and the adventures of the dancing men
Sherlock Holmes and the adventures of the dancing men Kseniya Garaschuk May 30, 2013 1 Overview Cryptography (from Greek for hidden, secret ) is the practice and study of hiding information. A cipher is
More informationSubstitution cipher. Contents
Substitution cipher In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext according to a regular system; the "units" may be single letters
More informationLECTURE NOTES ON Classical Cryptographic Techniques ( Substitution Ciphers System)
Department of Software The University of Babylon LECTURE NOTES ON Classical Cryptographic Techniques ( Substitution Ciphers System) By College of Information Technology, University of Babylon, Iraq Samaher@itnet.uobabylon.edu.iq
More informationModified Version of Playfair Cipher Using Linear Feedback Shift Register and Transpose Matrix Concept
Modified Version of Playfair Cipher Using Linear Feedback Shift Register and Transpose Matrix Concept Vinod Kumar,Santosh kr Upadhyay,Satyam Kishore Mishra,Devesh Singh Abstract In this paper we are presenting
More informationCryptography. The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing. by David Kahn A Bit of History. Seminal Text on Cryptography
Cryptography A Bit of History 1 Seminal Text on Cryptography The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing by David Kahn 1967 2 Early Cryptology - India Secret writing was well known and practiced in India
More informationStream Cipher. Block cipher as stream cipher LFSR stream cipher RC4 General remarks. Stream cipher
Lecturers: Mark D. Ryan and David Galindo. Cryptography 2015. Slide: 90 Stream Cipher Suppose you want to encrypt a stream of data, such as: the data from a keyboard the data from a sensor Block ciphers
More informationUnderstanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl. Chapter 2 Stream Ciphers ver.
Understanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl www.crypto-textbook.com Chapter 2 Stream Ciphers ver. October 29, 2009 These slides were prepared by
More informationMost people familiar with codes and cryptography have at least heard of the German
Hunt 1 John Hunt Professor Derek Bruff FYWS Cryptography 28 October 2010 Most people familiar with codes and cryptography have at least heard of the German Enigma Machines. However, very few people have
More informationUnderstanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl. Chapter 2 Stream Ciphers ver.
Understanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl www.crypto-textbook.com Chapter 2 Stream Ciphers ver. October 29, 2009 These slides were prepared by
More informationVIDEO intypedia001en LESSON 1: HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY AND ITS EARLY STAGES IN EUROPE. AUTHOR: Arturo Ribagorda Garnacho
VIDEO intypedia001en LESSON 1: HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY AND ITS EARLY STAGES IN EUROPE AUTHOR: Arturo Ribagorda Garnacho Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain Hello and welcome to Intypedia. Today we are
More informationKey- The key k for my cipher is a single number from 1-26 which is shared between the sender and the reciever.
Cryptography Assign. 1A Key- The key k for my cipher is a single number from 1-26 which is shared between the sender and the reciever. How to Encipher- Each letter is assigned a number beginning from k
More informationCS408 Cryptography & Internet Security
CS408 Cryptography & Internet Security Lecture 4: Rotor Machines Enigma Reza Curtmola Department of Computer Science / NJIT How to move from pencil and paper to more automatic ways of encrypting and decrypting?
More informationPART FOUR. Polyalphabetic Substitution Systems PERIODIC POLYALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION SYSTEMS
PART FOUR Polyalphabetic Substitution Systems PERIODIC POLYALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION SYSTEMS CHAPTER 8 Section I Characteristics of Periodic Systems 8-1. Types of Polyalphabetic Systems All the substitution
More informationAttacking of Stream Cipher Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm
Attacking of Stream Cipher Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm Hameed A. Younis (1) Wasan S. Awad (2) Ali A. Abd (3) (1) Department of Computer Science/ College of Science/ University of Basrah (2) Department
More informationRandomness analysis of A5/1 Stream Cipher for secure mobile communication
Randomness analysis of A5/1 Stream Cipher for secure mobile communication Prof. Darshana Upadhyay 1, Dr. Priyanka Sharma 2, Prof.Sharada Valiveti 3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute
More informationLFSR stream cipher RC4. Stream cipher. Stream Cipher
Lecturers: Mark D. Ryan and David Galindo. Cryptography 2016. Slide: 89 Stream Cipher Suppose you want to encrypt a stream of data, such as: the data from a keyboard the data from a sensor Block ciphers
More informationNew Address Shift Linear Feedback Shift Register Generator
New Address Shift Linear Feedback Shift Register Generator Kholood J. Moulood Department of Mathematical, Tikrit University, College of Education for Women, Salahdin. E-mail: khmsc2006@yahoo.com. Abstract
More informationLecture 8: Cracking the Codes based on Tony Sale s Codes & Ciphers Web Page. History of Computing. Today s Topics. History of Computing Cipher Systems
Lecture 8: Cracking the Codes based on Tony Sale s Codes & Ciphers Web Page Today s Topics Cipher Systems Substitution Ciphers Cracking Caesar s Cipher Polyalphabetic Substitution The Enigma Machine Rotors,
More informationCryptography CS 555. Topic 5: Pseudorandomness and Stream Ciphers. CS555 Spring 2012/Topic 5 1
Cryptography CS 555 Topic 5: Pseudorandomness and Stream Ciphers CS555 Spring 2012/Topic 5 1 Outline and Readings Outline Stream ciphers LFSR RC4 Pseudorandomness Readings: Katz and Lindell: 3.3, 3.4.1
More informationFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
*FM 34-40-2 FIELD MANUAL NO 34-40-2 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 13 September 1990 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY i ii iii PREFACE This field manual is intended as a training text in basic
More informationBreaking the Enigma. Dmitri Gabbasov. June 2, 2015
Breaking the Enigma Dmitri Gabbasov June 2, 2015 1 Introduction Enigma was an electro-mechanical machine that was used before and during the World War II by Germany to encrypt and decrypt secret messages.
More informationPA Substitution Cipher
Anuj Kumar 1 PA Substitution Cipher Ankur Kumar Varshney 2 Pankaj Kumar 3 1 M.Tech*, Computer Science & Engineering IEC CET, Greater Noida, (U.P.) India 2 M.Tech*, Computer Science & Engineering B.S.A
More informationEnigma. Developed and patented (in 1918) by Arthur Scherbius Many variations on basic design Eventually adopted by Germany
Enigma Enigma 1 Enigma Developed and patented (in 1918) by Arthur Scherbius Many variations on basic design Eventually adopted by Germany o For both military and diplomatic use o Many variations used Broken
More informationUSAGE OF FIREFLY ALGORITHM IN VIGNERE CIPHER TO REDUCE VARIABLE LENGTH KEY SEARCH TIME
USAGE OF FIREFLY ALGORITHM IN VIGNERE CIPHER TO REDUCE VARIABLE LENGTH KEY SEARCH TIME 1 V.RAJENDRAN, 2 DR.T.PURUSOTHAMAN 1 Research Scholar, Anna university, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. 2 Faculty Of
More informationSTA4000 Report Decrypting Classical Cipher Text Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo
STA4000 Report Decrypting Classical Cipher Text Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Jian Chen Supervisor: Professor Jeffrey S. Rosenthal May 12, 2010 Abstract In this paper, we present the use of Markov Chain
More informationNomenclators. Nomenclator Example. Alberti s Cipher Disk. Early code/cipher combination, popular form 1400s-1800s. Philip of Spain (1589, see Kahn):
Nomenclators Early code/cipher combination, popular form 1400s-1800s. Philip of Spain (1589, see Kahn): LO = Spain POM = King of Spain 64 = confederation overlined two-digit groups = null + substitution
More informationThe reduction in the number of flip-flops in a sequential circuit is referred to as the state-reduction problem.
State Reduction The reduction in the number of flip-flops in a sequential circuit is referred to as the state-reduction problem. State-reduction algorithms are concerned with procedures for reducing the
More informationHCCA: A Cryptogram Analysis Algorithm Based on Hill Climbing
International Conference on Logistics Engineering, Management and Computer Science (LEMCS 2015) HCCA: A Cryptogram Analysis Algorithm Based on Hill Climbing Zhang Tongbo ztb5129@live.com Li Guangli calculatinggod@foxmail.com
More informationExample: compressing black and white images 2 Say we are trying to compress an image of black and white pixels: CSC310 Information Theory.
CSC310 Information Theory Lecture 1: Basics of Information Theory September 11, 2006 Sam Roweis Example: compressing black and white images 2 Say we are trying to compress an image of black and white pixels:
More informationOptimum Composite Field S-Boxes Aimed at AES
Optimum Composite Field S-Boxes Aimed at AES R.THILLAIKKARASI Assistant professor, Department Of ECE, Salem college of Engineering and technology. Salem, India. K.VAISHNAVI Post Graduate Student M.E Applied
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Stream Ciphers on Large Databases
IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.9, September 28 285 Performance Evaluation of Stream Ciphers on Large Databases Dr.M.Sikandar Hayat Khiyal Aihab Khan Saria
More informationA Framework for Segmentation of Interview Videos
A Framework for Segmentation of Interview Videos Omar Javed, Sohaib Khan, Zeeshan Rasheed, Mubarak Shah Computer Vision Lab School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida
More informationStream Ciphers. Debdeep Mukhopadhyay
Stream Ciphers Debdeep Mukhopadhyay Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur INDIA -7232 Classifications Objectives Feedback Based Stream
More information21.1. Unit 21. Hardware Acceleration
21.1 Unit 21 Hardware Acceleration 21.2 Motivation When designing hardware we have nearly unlimited control and parallelism at our disposal We can create structures that may dramatically improve performance
More informationAppendix Cryptograms
Fall 2006 Chris Christensen MAT/CSC 483 Appendix Cryptograms Here is a more detailed discussion of the history and techniques for solution of aristocrats and patristocrats (the generic term for them is
More informationDorabella Cipher. Cryptography peppers the world s history as an aid to military communication
Courtney Hulse November 1, 2010 Dorabella Cipher Cryptography peppers the world s history as an aid to military communication and national strategizing. During the Second World War, cryptography was perhaps
More informationSECURED EEG DISTRIBUTION IN TELEMEDICINE USING ENCRYPTION MECHANISM
SECURED EEG DISTRIBUTION IN TELEMEDICINE USING ENCRYPTION MECHANISM Ankita Varshney 1, Mukul Varshney 2, Jitendra Varshney 3 1 Department of Software Engineering, 3 Department Of Computer Science and Engineering
More informationA Pseudorandom Binary Generator Based on Chaotic Linear Feedback Shift Register
A Pseudorandom Binary Generator Based on Chaotic Linear Feedback Shift Register Saad Muhi Falih Department of Computer Technical Engineering Islamic University College Al Najaf al Ashraf, Iraq saadmuheyfalh@gmail.com
More informationKeywords- Cryptography, Frame, Least Significant Bit, Pseudo Random Equations, Text, Video Image, Video Steganography.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 164 High Security Video Steganography Putti DeepthiChandan, Dr. M. Narayana Abstract- Video Steganography is a technique
More informationThe Swiss cipher machine NeMa
Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication The Swiss cipher machine NeMa Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Information and Computer Sciences
More informationModified Alternating Step Generators with Non-Linear Scrambler
Modified Alternating Step Generators with Non-Linear Scrambler Robert Wicik, Tomasz Rachwalik, Rafał Gliwa Military Communication Institute, Cryptology Department, Zegrze, Poland {r.wicik, t.rachwalik,
More informationExploring the Enigma [The MATH Connection]
Exploring the Enigma [The MATH Connection] by Claire Ellis, from Issue 34 of PLUS Magazine As long ago as the Ancient Greeks, warring armies have encrypted their communications in an attempt to keep their
More informationISSN (Print) Original Research Article. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET) Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 016; 4(1):1-5 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com
More informationCabinet War Rooms SIGSALY. The A-3 scrambler
F, 5 January Cabinet War Rooms SIGSALY The first devices to secure transmission of voice were developed just after World War I. They were substitution devices; they inverted frequencies. High frequencies
More informationCryptology Notes ~ 1. Frank Tapson 2003 [trolc0:2]
CRYPTOLOGY Notes & Cryptology is the study of 'hidden writing', but is more generally thought of as being to do with codes and ciphers. It involves working with both language and mathematics. For that
More informationA New Proposed Design of a Stream Cipher Algorithm: Modified Grain - 128
International Journal of Computer and Information Technology (ISSN: 2279 764) Volume 3 Issue 5, September 214 A New Proposed Design of a Stream Cipher Algorithm: Modified Grain - 128 Norul Hidayah Lot
More informationSequences and Cryptography
Sequences and Cryptography Workshop on Shift Register Sequences Honoring Dr. Solomon W. Golomb Recipient of the 2016 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering Guang Gong Department of Electrical
More informationCode-makers & Codebreakers. Substitution ciphers and frequency analysis
Code-makers & Codebreakers Substitution ciphers and frequency analysis Introductiion to Substiitutiion Ciiphers Author: Will Mitchell william.mitchell@ic.ac.uk A substitution cipher replaces each letter
More information1 Introduction 2. 3 Zygalski Sheets Using Zygalski Sheets Programmatic Replication Weaknesses/Problems 7
Breaking Enigma Samantha Briasco-Stewart, Kathryn Hendrickson, and Jeremy Wright 1 Introduction 2 2 The Enigma Machine 2 2.1 Encryption and Decryption Process 3 2.2 Enigma Weaknesses 4 2.2.1 Encrypting
More informationZodiackillersite. Backward E = 3/ G = 14 / Y K E = = 36 3/14/36
AdChoices Zodiackillersite AddThis AdMeld Criteo Google Adsense Quantcast "D GAIK IS R GYKE" Author Message Daniel Gillotti Subject: "D GAIK IS R GYKE" Mon Jan 30, 2012 4:22 pm I wanted to add a drawing
More informationDESIGN and IMPLETATION of KEYSTREAM GENERATOR with IMPROVED SECURITY
DESIGN and IMPLETATION of KEYSTREAM GENERATOR with IMPROVED SECURITY Vijay Shankar Pendluri, Pankaj Gupta Wipro Technologies India vijay_shankarece@yahoo.com, pankaj_gupta96@yahoo.com Abstract - This paper
More informationCRYPTOGRAPHY. Sharafat Ibn Mollah Mosharraf TOUCH-N-PASS EXAM CRAM GUIDE SERIES. Special Edition for CSEDU. Students CSE, DU )
Special Edition for CSEDU Students TOUCH-N-PASS EXAM CRAM GUIDE SERIES CRYPTOGRAPHY Prepared By Sharafat Ibn Mollah Mosharraf CSE, DU 12 th Batch (2005 2005-2006 2006) Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
More information(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/ A1
(19) United States US 2003O152221A1 (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0152221A1 Cheng et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 14, 2003 (54) SEQUENCE GENERATOR AND METHOD OF (52) U.S. C.. 380/46;
More informationVISUAL CONTENT BASED SEGMENTATION OF TALK & GAME SHOWS. O. Javed, S. Khan, Z. Rasheed, M.Shah. {ojaved, khan, zrasheed,
VISUAL CONTENT BASED SEGMENTATION OF TALK & GAME SHOWS O. Javed, S. Khan, Z. Rasheed, M.Shah {ojaved, khan, zrasheed, shah}@cs.ucf.edu Computer Vision Lab School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
More informationPseudorandom bit Generators for Secure Broadcasting Systems
+00? IE.Nfejb~lV 4 Pseudorandom bit Generators for Secure Broadcasting Systems Chung-Huang Yang m Computer & Communication Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Chutung, Hsinchu
More informationWG Stream Cipher based Encryption Algorithm
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2015, PP 63-70 ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online) WG Stream Cipher based Encryption Algorithm
More informationCLASSICAL CRYPTOGRAPHY COURSE BY LANAKI. July 01, 1996 COPYRIGHT 1996 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LECTURE 15 STATISTICAL ATTACKS
CLASSICAL CRYPTOGRAPHY COURSE BY LANAKI July 01, 1996 COPYRIGHT 1996 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LECTURE 15 STATISTICAL ATTACKS SUMMARY Lecture 15 considers the role and influence that statistics and probability
More informationRelies on hiding a message by jumbling up individual letters of the message. Sending a whole message with the letters jumbled up using a cipher
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION For centuries, some people, organisations and governments have wanted to send information secretly. Different ways of sending secret messages have been developed over time but
More informationCryptanalysis of LILI-128
Cryptanalysis of LILI-128 Steve Babbage Vodafone Ltd, Newbury, UK 22 nd January 2001 Abstract: LILI-128 is a stream cipher that was submitted to NESSIE. Strangely, the designers do not really seem to have
More informationUpdate to 8 June 2011 Press Release
19 August 2011 Update to 8 June 2011 Press Release In June 2011, the National Security Agency (NSA) declassified and released to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) over 50,000 pages
More informationCOSC282 BIG DATA ANALYTICS FALL 2015 LECTURE 11 - OCT 21
COSC282 BIG DATA ANALYTICS FALL 2015 LECTURE 11 - OCT 21 1 Topics for Today Assignment 6 Vector Space Model Term Weighting Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency Something about Assignment 6 Search
More informationFully Pipelined High Speed SB and MC of AES Based on FPGA
Fully Pipelined High Speed SB and MC of AES Based on FPGA S.Sankar Ganesh #1, J.Jean Jenifer Nesam 2 1 Assistant.Professor,VIT University Tamil Nadu,India. 1 s.sankarganesh@vit.ac.in 2 jeanjenifer@rediffmail.com
More informationA reprint from American Scientist
A reprint from American Scientist the magazine of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society This reprint is provided for personal and noncommercial use. For any other use, please send a request to Permissions,
More informationCS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture
CS 6C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Combinational and Sequential Logic, Boolean Algebra Instructor: Alan Christopher 7/23/24 Summer 24 -- Lecture #8 Review of Last Lecture OpenMP as simple parallel
More informationCRYPTOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS: A DIDACTICAL PROJECT. Massimo BORELLI, Anna FIORETTO, Andrea SGARRO, Luciana ZUCCHERI
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS: A DIDACTICAL PROJECT Massimo BORELLI, Anna FIORETTO, Andrea SGARRO, Luciana ZUCCHERI DSM (Department of Mathematical Sciences) University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste (Italy)
More informationHow to Predict the Output of a Hardware Random Number Generator
How to Predict the Output of a Hardware Random Number Generator Markus Dichtl Siemens AG, Corporate Technology Markus.Dichtl@siemens.com Abstract. A hardware random number generator was described at CHES
More informationCardano Girolamo Cardano invented: Fleissner, after Austrian cryptologist (Eduard). Described by Jules Verne in the story Mathias Sandorf.
Rotating Grille Cardano Girolamo Cardano invented: Fleissner, after Austrian cryptologist (Eduard). Described by Jules Verne in the story Mathias Sandorf. An even number of cells on each side of grille
More informationNote: This document should only be used as a reference and should not replace assignment guidelines.
APA Quick Guide Note: This document should only be used as a reference and should not replace assignment guidelines. Page numbers below refer to the APA Manual 6 th edition, 2 nd printing. Title Page (pp.
More informationNON-BREAKABLE DATA ENCRYPTION WITH CLASSICAL INFORMATION
Fluctuation and Noise Letters Vol. 4, No. 2 (2004) C1 C5 c World Scientific Publishing Company NON-REKLE DT ENCRYPTION WITH CLSSICL INFORMTION LSZLO. KISH and SWMINTHN SETHURMN Texas &M University, Department
More informationDesign and Implementation of Data Scrambler & Descrambler System Using VHDL
Design and Implementation of Data Scrambler & Descrambler System Using VHDL Naina K.Randive Dept.of Electronics and Telecommunications Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunications P.R. Pote (Patil) college
More informationThe Web Cryptology Game CODEBREAKERS.EU edition 2015
Lecture 2, in which we look at the main methods of concealing information. We will learn that what used to be an unbreakable cipher can today be compared to a child play. We will also see how this children
More informationMATHEMATICAL APPROACH FOR RECOVERING ENCRYPTION KEY OF STREAM CIPHER SYSTEM
MATHEMATICAL APPROACH FOR RECOVERING ENCRYPTION KEY OF STREAM CIPHER SYSTEM Abdul Kareem Murhij Radhi College of Information Engineering, University of Nahrian,Baghdad- Iraq. Abstract Stream cipher system
More informationPermutation-based cryptography for the Internet of Things
Permutation-based cryptography for the Internet of Things Gilles Van Assche 1 Joint work with Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen 1,2, Seth Hoffert, Michaël Peeters 1 and Ronny Van Keer 1 1 STMicroelectronics 2
More informationPhysical Layer Built-in Security Enhancement of DS-CDMA Systems Using Secure Block Interleaving
transmitted signal. CDMA signals can easily be hidden within the noise floor, and it is impossible to recover the desired user s signal without knowing both the user s spreading code and scrambling sequence.
More informationPhysical Layer Built-in Security Enhancement of DS-CDMA Systems Using Secure Block Interleaving
Physical Layer Built-in Security Enhancement of DS-CDMA Systems Using Secure Block Qi Ling, Tongtong Li and Jian Ren Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing,
More informationWhat is Statistics? 13.1 What is Statistics? Statistics
13.1 What is Statistics? What is Statistics? The collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest. A portion or subset of the population. Statistics Is the science of
More informationCryptography in Criminal Investigations
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 26 Issue 6 March-April Article 10 Spring 1936 Cryptography in Criminal Investigations Don L. Kooken Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc
More informationEric Roberts and Jerry Cain Handout #36 CS 106J May 15, The Enigma Machine
Eric Roberts and Jerry Cain Handout #36 CS 106J May 15, 2017 The Enigma Machine In World War II, a team of British mathematicians working at a secret facility called Bletchley Park was able to break the
More informationHow I Broke the Confederate Code (137 Years Too Late)
Cryptologia, 30:340 345, 2006 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0161-1194 print DOI: 10.1080/01611190600826729 How I Broke the Confederate Code (137 Years Too Late) KENT D. BOKLAN Abstract We
More informationCiphers that Substitute Symbols
Fall 2006 Chris Christensen MAT/CSC 483 Ciphers that Substitute Symbols I Δ ℵ Ω Δ ℵ Some historical simple substitution ciphers substitute symbols for plaintext letters. The ciphertext then looks less
More informationA Dominant Gene Genetic Algorithm for a Substitution Cipher in Cryptography
A Dominant Gene Genetic Algorithm for a Substitution Cipher in Cryptography Derrick Erickson and Michael Hausman University of Colorado at Colorado Springs CS 591 Substitution Cipher 1. Remove all but
More informationCPSC 121: Models of Computation. Module 1: Propositional Logic
CPSC 121: Models of Computation Module 1: Propositional Logic Module 1: Propositional Logic By the start of the class, you should be able to: Translate back and forth between simple natural language statements
More informationDesignandImplementationofDataScramblerDescramblerSystemusingVHDL
Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology: A Hardware & Computation Volume 15 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals
More informationTesting of Cryptographic Hardware
Testing of Cryptographic Hardware Presented by: Debdeep Mukhopadhyay Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Motivation Behind the Work VLSI of Cryptosystems have
More informationA NOTE ON FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION SEQUENCES
A NOTE ON FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION SEQUENCES Thokozani Shongwe 1, Victor N. Papilaya 2 1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park,
More informationESD ACCESSION Lib i. ESTI Call No. Copy No. _ L PERFORMANCE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ERROR DETECTION ON DIGITAL HF AND TROPOSCATTER CHANNELS. K.
ESD-TR-68-430 ESD RECORD COPY RETURN TO SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAI INFORMATION DIVISION IC?Th BMtl.niMt? 1711 ESD ACCESSION Lib i 63611 MTP-85 ESTI Call No Copy No. _ L of cys. PERFORMANCE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL
More informationcs281: Introduction to Computer Systems Lab07 - Sequential Circuits II: Ant Brain
cs281: Introduction to Computer Systems Lab07 - Sequential Circuits II: Ant Brain 1 Problem Statement Obtain the file ant.tar from the class webpage. After you untar this file in an empty directory, you
More informationMultiple Image Secret Sharing based on Linear System
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10(33), 10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i33/113085, September 2017 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Multiple Image Secret Sharing based on Linear System
More informationMC9211 Computer Organization
MC9211 Computer Organization Unit 2 : Combinational and Sequential Circuits Lesson2 : Sequential Circuits (KSB) (MCA) (2009-12/ODD) (2009-10/1 A&B) Coverage Lesson2 Outlines the formal procedures for the
More informationPoint-to-Point Links
Outline Chapter 2: Direct Link Networks Encoding Framing Point-to-Point Links Error Detection Sliding Window Algorithm 30-Jan-02 Computer Networks 1 Direct Link Networks 30-Jan-02 Computer Networks 2 Direct
More informationBaudot code channels
BLETCHLEY PARK The Testery and the contribution made by the Intelligence Corps The battle to break Enigma was not the only one being fought in 1942. Much of the high level traffic believed to be from Hitler
More informationPerfect Localized Security of the Fourtytwofish Cipher in the Delphic Oracle Model
Perfect Security of the Cipher in the Delphic Model La spatialisation de Poisson de Pharse à Trappes TELECOM ParisTech david.madore@enst.fr http://perso.enst.fr/~madore/ 2008-W14-2 1/16 1 Background on
More informationWelch Gong (Wg) 128 Bit Stream Cipher For Encryption and Decryption Algorithm
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2015, PP 137-144 ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online) Welch Gong (Wg) 128 Bit Stream Cipher For
More informationDecrypted Secrets. Friedrich L. Bauer. Methods and Maxims of Cryptology. Fourth, Revised and Extended Edition
Decrypted Secrets Friedrich L. Bauer Decrypted Secrets Methods and Maxims of Cryptology Fourth, Revised and Extended Edition With 191 Figures, 29 Tables, and 16 Color Plates 123 Dr. rer. nat. Dr. ès sc.
More informationV.Sorge/E.Ritter, Handout 5
06-20008 Cryptography The University of Birmingham Autumn Semester 2015 School of Computer Science V.Sorge/E.Ritter, 2015 Handout 5 Summary of this handout: Stream Ciphers RC4 Linear Feedback Shift Registers
More informationDESIGN OF RECONFIGURABLE IMAGE ENCRYPTION PROCESSOR USING 2-D CELLULAR AUTOMATA GENERATOR
International Journal of Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 6, No, 4, pp 43-62, 29 Technomathematics Research Foundation DESIGN OF RECONFIGURABLE IMAGE ENCRYPTION PROCESSOR USING 2-D CELLULAR AUTOMATA
More information