Scientific Methodology for Handling Music

Transcription

1 1,a) Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) Scientific Methodology for Handling Music Hirata Keiji 1,a) 1. *1 1 a) hirata@fun.ac.jp *1 NTCIR Project: c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 1

2 1 Music Xray *2 The Echo Nest *3 [16] 18 [17] (algorithmic composition) [6], [19], [22] *4 2. * : (signifiant), signifié 3 Leonard B. Meyer [14] *6 John B. Davis Darling, they are playing our tune Leonard B. Meyer (emotion) [14] 19 Eduard Hanslick ( ) *2 *3 *4 tradeoff *5 (mood) *6 [21] c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 2

3 文 表層構造深層構造意味要素 変形規則 句構造規則 (a) チョムスキー生成文法の枠組み 楽曲タイムスパン 延 動機 構成など 譜面 (b) GTTM が想定する意味の枠組み 1 簡約の方向 発話意図 楽曲意図 * [1], [3], [7], [10], [15], [23] 1 Leonard B. Meyer (Noam Chomsky) Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) [12] [8], [13] 1(a) GTTM Schenker Ursatz [2] (reduction) (elaboration) 2 1(b) *7 Hanslick Richard Wagner ( ) 19 [20], p.168 GTTM GTTM (well-formedness rule) (preference rule) 2 GTTM GTTM GTTM Lerdahl Jackendoff (Lerdahl and Jackendoff) 1 GTTM 2 [12], p GTTM 3. 2 GTTM 2 [7] *8 [14], [18], [24] *8 c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 3

4 4 小節目 5 小節目 8 小節目 2 K.331 [12], p I V I I V I I K GTTM [24] [3] time-span tree, TS 2 3 TS : J.S. O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden in St. Matthew s Passion [12], p head TS TS TS 2 (head) 2 TS 1 2 primary secondary primary head primary/secondary [12], c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 4

5 p.154 GTTM head TS head 2 5. (reduction) X (X Y X) Y TS TS TS TS 3 level d level c level b level a *9 TS GTTM TS TS * 10 TS head 2.2 onset, TS onset A major 6. 3 *9 GTTM (elaboration) *10 Rendering CG TS tensionrelaxation 2 [12] [3] (implication) (realization) (denial) [18] GTTM prolongation tree, PR 2 K.331 PR 4 4 V 5 5 I (denial) (retrospective)4 (departure) 5 (repetition) 1 8 V-I 4 5 TS 5 I (prolongation tree) PR normative form, basic form [12], p.188 GTTM TS PR TS c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 5

6 4 K.331 PR [12], p.224 PR TS PR (classicist) TS PR TS PR PR 7. [4], [5] 3 GTTM level d level c level d > level c 2 level d level c 2 level c * 11 * 12 [22], p Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) * 13 *11 *12 *13 - [18] [11] c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 6

7 [9] [1] Rita Aiello,,,,, pp (1998). [2] Allen Cadwallader and David Gagné,,, ( ) (2013). [3] Nicholas Cook,,,,, pp (1998). [4] Masatoshi Hamanaka, Keiji Hirata, and Satoshi Tojo, Implementing A Generative Theory of Tonal Music, Journal of New Music Research, 35:4, pp (2007) [5] Masatoshi Hamanaka, Keiji Hirata, Satoshi Tojo, Musical Structural Analysis Database Based on GTTM, Proceedings of ISMIR 2014, pp (2014). [6] /,, 2 ( )-9 ()-10 (2012). [7], :, 28, 1K4-OS-07a-1 (2014). [8],,,, Beyond GTTMism -, 2014-MUS-104, No.20, ( ) (2014). [9],,,,,,,, ( ), 2015-MUS-106, No.21 (2015). [10] Ray Jackendoff, Parallels and Nonparallels Between Language and Music, Music Perception, Vol.26, No.3, pp (2009). [11],, - 20, (2004). [12] Fred Lerdahl, Ray Jackendoff: A Generative Theory of Tonal Music, The MIT Press (1983). [13] Fred Lerdahl, Genesis and Architecture of the GTTM Project, Music Perception, Vol.26, No.3, pp (2009). [14] Leonard B. Meyer,,,,, pp.3 45, (1997). Emotion and Meaning in Music, University of Chicago Press (1956). [15] Jean Molino,, ( ), 11, pp , Nils L. Wallin, Björn Merker, Steven Brown ( ), ( ), (2013). [16],,,,, -,, Vol.4, No.1, pp (2013). [17], 11 ( ) ( ), (1993). [18] Eugine Narmour, The Analysis and Cognition of Basic Melodic Structure The Implication-Realization Model, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, [19] Gerhard Nierhaus, Algorithmic Composition: Paradigms of Automated Music Generation, Springer (2009). [20], -, (2005) [21] Bruce Richman, How Music Fixed Nonsense into Significant Formulas: On Rhythm, Repetition, and Meaning, The Origins of Music, (Eds) Nils L. Wallin, Björn Merker, Steven Brown, Chapter 17, pp (2000). [22] Curtis Roads, (18 ), (19 ),, (), (2001). ISBN [23] John Sloboda, The Musical Mind - The Cognitive Psychology of Music, Oxford University Press (1985). [24] Robert Snyder,, (2003). c 2015 Information Processing Society of Japan 7