Amplitude and Loudness 1

Transcription

1 Amplitude and Loudness 1 intensity of vibration measured in db-spl (sound pressure level) range for humans 0 (threshold of hearing) to 120 (pain) and beyond 1

2 LOUDNESS CHART 0--threshold 1 20 quiet living room subdued conversation average office average conversation busy street acoustic guitar 1' away heavy truck subway 100, power tools 316, threshold of pain 1,000, rock band 150 permanent hearing damage 180 rocket engine 2

3 Amplitude and Loudness 2 dbm levels of electrical power (in milliwatts) signal strength Right side is in decibels 0 db is maximum w/out distortion left side is % of maximum modulation if signal too low--noise introduced signal too high--distortion Can have very high db-spl and still good levels-- must monitor 3

4 Inverse Square Law of Sound Sound intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance between the sound source and the microphone I = 1/r squared (r= distance) Double the distance 1/4 the intensity Halve the distance 4x the intensity Get the mic as close as possible Moving a mic a little makes a lot of difference 4

5 Phase time relationship between 2 or more sound waves at a given point in cycle in phase, increase amplitude out of phase, decrease amplitude-- cancellation microphone and speaker placement polarity 5

6 Phase diagram 6

7 Phase example-polarity switched 7

8 Sound Envelope changes in loudness over time attack internal dynamics decay 8

9 III. WHAT DOES SOUND DO. Sound gives us: Music Spoken Word Sound Effects Silence 9

10 MUSIC Same structural/technical elements as sound pitch, loudness, tempo, tone color, and envelope But also has: 10

11 1. melody succession of pitched musical tones of varied durations rhythm--the duration of individual notes pitch -- frequency of individual notes What we remember most in music 11

12 From? 12

13 A melody has Key or Tonality keys or tonalities major positive, happy, bright, vigorous minor darker, melancholy, wistful based on the harmonic structure 13

14 Major Key to Minor Key 14

15 Melody is characterizable simple melancholy plaintive sentimental romantic 15

16 Simple Melody Paraguayan Dance--Manuel Barrueco 16

17 Melancholy Rachmaninoff Prelude 17

18 2. Harmony--simultaneous sounding of 2 or more tones juxtaposition of notes simultaneous in sequence consonant--agreeable, settled, balanced, stable dissonant--unstable, unresolved 18

19 Dissonant to Consonant 19

20 3. Texture created by the interweaving of melody, timbre and harmony delicate, coarse dense airy brittle, 20

21 Delicate to Dense Texture 21

22 Dense Texture 22

23 4.Timbre most sound is not pure harmonic structure is combination of sounds which produces timbre. no objective scale--subjective created by overtones We describe with non-technical terms metallic, sweet, wood-like, buzzing 23

24 Timbre/color 24

25 6. Dynamic range crescendo--quiet to loud diminuendo (decrescendo)--loud to soft Interpretive tool build or release tension 25

26 Dynamics--Mahler: long decrescendo 26

27 7. Phrasing Interpretation shaping of the musical line done with rhythm accent tone 27

28

29 Black Swan Sound From the Black Swan Darren Aronovsky (director) Nina (Natalie Portman) loses control of her life as she embraces the role of the Black Swan music by Tchaikovsky Craig Henighan (sound designer, editor, rerecording mixer) courtesy Scott Tousley (243 Sp 11) 29

30 Black Swan Sound 30

31 Black Swan Sound Psychological thriller Quest for perfection-nina Double Hallucinatory--what s real/not real Director said be bold Use sound to push the story forward both subconsciously and overt be big then pull it back 31

32 Black Swan Sound film starts normal moves into other world Nina sees her double breaths/giggles at beginning--a device foley bird wings flapping, flesh sounds (tree bark, dirt and rocks) 32

33 Black Swan Sound Recorded NYC crowds, ballet studio sounds insect sounds Kissing Scene throbbing music, breathing/giggle sound Camera follows closely in dance scenes (panning)/ sound pans similarly use of surround technology for story 33

34 Black Swan Sound Club Scene Chemical Brothers (music has Swan Lake in it) hallucinatory montage visually nina, nina, nina mommy mommy stutter edits Sound ideas, aesthetics, most important 34