WHY? STEVE HARRIS SR. DIRECTOR, ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES SCTE

Transcription

1 WHY? STEVE HARRIS SR. DIRECTOR, ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES SCTE

2 Internet Protocol 2010 by SCTE 2

3 IP EXHAUSTION 2010 by SCTE 3

4 Internet Protocol IP is the addressing for DARPA Internet 32 bits billion addresses Internet explosion fueled address consumption 2010 by SCTE 4

5 Slowing Consumption 2010 by SCTE 5

6 Slowing Consumption: Subnetting or / / / / / by SCTE 6

7 Slowing Consumption: VLSM 2010 by SCTE 7

8 Slowing Consumption: NAT 2010 by SCTE 8

9 IP Exhaustion by SCTE 9

10 IP Exhaustion by SCTE 10

11 IPv4 Depleted IANA will has less than 10% of IPv4 address space remaining, cable operators / MSOs must adopt IPv6 to support the growth of IP related services and applications. Smaller IPv4 blocks exist but will cause router table expansion! Source: by SCTE 11

12 IPv4 Depletion Example MSO with 24 million video customers. Average customer has 2.5 STBs. 24 x 2.5 = 60 x 2 IPs per STB 2010 by SCTE 12

13 Review What is a slash 8? 2010 by SCTE 13

14 Foreign Motivation China needs 320 million IPs to support broadband, switched to IPv6! Source: by SCTE 14

15 Industry Consolidation Merger of Networks with Overlapping Address Space Calls for Large, Non-Overlapping Address Space Private IPv4 Network Private IPv4 Network Private IPv4 Address Collision 2010 by SCTE 15

16 Will you be ready? 2010 by SCTE 16

17 Will you be ready? by SCTE 17

18 IPV6 FEATURES AND BENEFITS 2010 by SCTE 18

19 IPv6 2001:0558:1234:5678:9DC8:0095:08A7:26C3::/64 Prefix: 2001::/3 Network = 2001:0558:1234:5678 Host = 9DC8:0095:08A7:26C3 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 hosts on this network! 2010 by SCTE 19

20 Review What is a prefix? What is a /64? 2010 by SCTE 20

21 IPv6 Prefix Allocation IANA 2001::/16 AfriNIC ::/19 to::/23 APNIC ::/19 to::/23 ARIN ::/19 to::/23 LACNIC ::/19 to::/23 RIPE NCC ::/19 to::/23 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 ISP ISP ISP/32 /32 /30-2 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 /48-64 Site Site Site/48 /48 / by SCTE 21

22 The Next Generation Protocol IETF developed IPv6 backbone RFCs by SCTE 22

23 IPv6 Features Mobility Traffic Class Security QoS Checksums Hierarchical 2010 by SCTE 23

24 IPv6 Header 8 fields 40 bytes 2010 by SCTE 24

25 What fields were removed from 4? 2010 by SCTE 25

26 Benefits of IPv6 ~4.2GB IPv6 Datagram OSPFv3 ND IPSEC ICMPv6 RIPng 2010 by SCTE 26

27 IPv4 vs. IPv by SCTE 27

28 Equitable Global Assignment 2010 by SCTE 28

29 ARP? No more inefficient broadcasts on the network. Neighbor Discovery Protocol is a TRUE layer 3 protocol. Multicast addresses are used to perform layer 2 resolution by SCTE 29

30 ADDRESSING 2010 by SCTE 30

31 IPv6 Addressing Support by SCTE 31

32 Hex Converting hex to decimal and binary is required to fully understand IPv6. How is this done? 2010 by SCTE 32

33 Understanding What do we know about 4? 2010 by SCTE 33

34 128 bit IPv6 2001:0558:1234:5678:9DC8:0095:08A7:26C3::/64 39 characters CIDR notation 8 sections, hextets? Zero Compression Prefixes 2010 by SCTE 34

35 Zero Compression 2001:00C3:0000:2A3B:02AA:001F:FE08:9C 5A 2001:C3:0:2A3B:2AA:1F:FE08:9C5A 2001:C3::2A3B:2AA:1F:FE08:9C5A Remember only use the :: once! 2010 by SCTE 35

36 Review Compress FE80:0000:0000:0000:0215:C55A:54D by SCTE 36

37 IPv6 Address Format Network ID or Prefix Operator Subnet Customer Subnet Interface ID /31-32 /48 /64 / bit Address 2010 by SCTE 37

38 IPv6 Address Range Reserved or Assigned Global Unicast 2000::/3 Unique-Local FC00::/7 Link-Local FE80::/10 Unspecified ::/8 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0=>:: (IPv4) Loopback 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1=> ::1 Multicast FF00::/8 or (IPv4) 2010 by SCTE 38

39 Review Map these types to IPv4 Public Link Locals Private (RFC 1918s) 2010 by SCTE 39

40 Global Unicast Network 64 bits Provider / ISP Site LAN Host 3 29 bits 16 bits 16 bits 64 bits Global Prefix SLA LAN Interface ID ::/3 /32 /48 /64 IEEE EUI-64 pseudo-random generator cryptographically generated DHCPv6 manually 2010 by SCTE 40

41 Unique-Local Unicast 128 bits 1 Global ID 40 bits Interface ID FC00::/7 7 bits RANDOM Subnet ID 16 bits 1 Bit : L = 1 Locally assigned; L = 0 Future Use Local communications Not routable on the Internet Provider-independent addresses Note: Unique-Local Unicast was the replacement for Site-Local Address Deprecated in RFC by SCTE 41

42 Link-Local Unicast fe80:0000:0000:0000:9dc8:e095:8a7:26c3 fe80::9dc8:e095:8a7:26c3 128 Bits bits (zero) Interface ID FE80::/10 64 Bits 10 Bits FE80:0000:0000:0000/10 IEEE EUI-64 pseudo-random generator cryptographically generated DHCPv6 manually 2010 by SCTE 42

43 What is an EUI-48? MAC address Node address BIA Adapter address Physical address 2010 by SCTE 43

44 Extended Unique Identifier EUI-48 bit EUI-64 bit OUI Serial F 17 FC 0F F FF FE 17 FC 0F Modified IPv6 EUI-64 bit F FF FE 17 FC 0F U = 2 hex 2010 by SCTE 44

45 EUI What is the IPv6 global unicast? The IPv6 prefix is 2001:648:2320:1::/64. The MAC address is d-4e-6b-c6. EUI-48 bit D 4E 6B C6 EUI-64 bit D FF FE 4E 6B C6 Modified IPv6 EUI-64 bit D FF FE 4E 6B C6 IPv6 Global Unicast Address DFF FE4E 6BC6 / by SCTE 45

46 IPv6 Addressing for IPv4 IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address format 96 Bits 32 Bits 0 IPv4 Address 0:0:0:0:0: IPv4 Compatible Address = 0:0:0:0:0:0: = :: = ::C0A8:1E01 IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address format 80 Bits 16 Bits 32 Bits 0 FFFF IPv4 Address 0:0:0:0:0: IPv4-Mapped Address = 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF: = ::FFFF:C0A8:1E by SCTE 46

47 Review What is a IPv4-mapped address for ? 2010 by SCTE 47

48 Anycast 2001:558::1234 FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFF FDFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFF 2A 128 bits 64 bits 0 57 bits Subnet prefix 64 bits x Anycast Group ID bits X = 0 if EUI-64 format (not globally unique) (2^7) if non-eui-64 format (interface longer than 64 bits or globally unique) Reserved Mobile IPv6 Home-Agent Anycast = 7E (126) or If configuring manually: Use Prefix + All 1 s + Pick 2010 last by 7 bits SCTE to assign Anycast group ID 48

49 Subnet-Router Anycast n bits subnet prefix 128-n bits :558:: 2010 by SCTE 49

50 Well Known Multicast Addresses Address Scope Meaning FF01::1 Node-Local All Nodes FF02::1 Link-Local All Nodes FF01::2 Node-Local All Routers FF02::2 Link-Local All Routers FF05::2 Site-Local All Routers FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx Link-Local Solicited-Node by SCTE 50

51 IPv6 Multicast Address SCOPES 0 reserved 1 interface-local scope 2 link-local scope 4 admin-local 5 site-local scope 8 organization-local scope E global scope (Internet) reserved (3, F) unassigned (6, 7, 9, A, B, C & D) R P T flags T = 0 allocated by IANA T = 1 user created P = 0 not assign based on prefix P = 1 assigned based on prefix R = 1 PIM-SM-RP (PT = 1) xxxx xxxx Group ID FF Flags Scope 2010 by SCTE 51

52 IPv6 Multicast MAC Address Mapping xxxx xxxx High Order Low Order FF Flags Scope 80 Bits Lost IPv6 Solicited-Node Multicast Address FF02::1:FFD2:162E Ethernet Link-Layer Multicast Address 33:33:04D2:162E Multicast Prefix for Ethernet multicast D2-16-2E EUI-48 Ethernet Address 2010 by SCTE 52

53 IPv6 Unicast Based Multicast Address Unicast Prefix Group ID FF Flags 0RPT Scope Reserved (Resrv) Prefix Length (Plen) FF3E:0040:3FFE:0C15:C003:1109:0000: hex 0RPT 0011 E hex Global Scope 40 hex Prefix= Derive multicast from global unicast. 2. Highest allocation 2010 by SCTE 53

54 Embedded Rendezvous Point 32 Group address carries the RP address for the group! :E FF Flags 0RPT Scope Reserved (Resrv) Prefix Length (Plen) 30 Prefix: 2001:E10::/32 RP address: 2001:E10::C/128 Embedded RP: FF7E:C30:2001:E10:: by SCTE 54

55 Solicited-Node Multicast Address IPv6 Address no Not broadcast link-layer No EUI-64 messages specific Prefix Interface ID Lower 24 Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses 24 bits FF FF 128 bits Lower 24 xx:xxxx 2010 by SCTE 55

56 TRANSITION STRATEGIES 2010 by SCTE 56

57 Transition Options Dual Stack NAT Tunnels Pure IPv by SCTE 57

58 IPv6 Dual Stack Dual stack 2001:558:1:29DC8:E095:8A7:26C3 / / by SCTE 58

59 IPv6 Features DNS :db8::2 Connection Prefix NAT Initialization 2001:db8::/ :db8::1, FC00:db8::1 NAT 64 NAT64 public IPv4 pool / by SCTE 59

60 Tunnels IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 Tunnel IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 Tunnel 2010 by SCTE 60

61 6 to 4 Tunnel Dual stack IPv4/6 hosts Native IPv6 hosts Dual Stack Relay Router IPv 6 Relay outside of Providers control 2002::/16 IPv4 IPv 6 6 to 4 Tunnel Dual Stack Relay Router No guarantee that native IPv6 will be reachable. With 6RD the ISP provides the tunnel by SCTE 61

62 IPv6 Features Subscribers IPv4 Global IPv6 ISP Prefix IPv6 IPv6 6rd Residential Gateway IPv4 IPv6 6rd from Internet IPv6 6rd solves the problem with the unknown return path. IPv6 6rd Residential Gateway IPv4 6rd Residential Gateway IPv4 6rd Domain IPv4 AR ISP Aggregate IPv4 Network CMTS DHCPv6 IPv4 6RD BR or GW Cisco 7200 IPv6 IPv4/6 Core 2010 by SCTE 62

63 IPv6 Features (ISATAP) Prefix 0000:5EFE IPv4 Address 6 over 4 tunnel FE80::5EFE:AC1D: :578::5EFE:AC1D: FE80::5EFE:AC1D: :578::5EFE:AC1D: by SCTE 63

64 IPv6 Features (DS-Lite) With DS-Lite a customer can continue to use an IPv4 service when IPv4 addresses are no longer available Host A v4 Server A v4 IPv6 Provisioned Address GWR IPv6 AFTR 2010 by SCTE 64

65 CGN 444 or LSN Public IPv4 10.x.x.x NAT44 CM CMTS Provisioning Servers CGN NAT444 Public 4 Address to Core 2010 by SCTE 65

66 Topology A A1: PC Win XP/SP3 (IPv4) IPv6/v4 Internet Home / SMB STB (IPv4 224.x) OSPF Legacy CM (IPv4) A2: TV RFI (IPv4) B1: PC HFC CMTS (IPv4/6) Servers (IPv4/6) DHCP, DNS, DHCPv6 PD TFTP, TOD, HTTP 224.x video (IPv4/6) HFC 2010 by SCTE Win2K Vista 66 (IPv4) BGPv4 RFI (IPv4/6) Home/SMB RIP CORE Backbone CM erouter (IPv4/6) B2: PC (IPv4/6) B IS-IS OSPF AR (IPv4/6) CM Bridge (IPv4/6) STB (IPv6 FF00) C1: TV Home/SMB CMTS (IPv4/6) RFI (IPv6) C C2: PC Win7 (IPv4/6)

67 NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY 2010 by SCTE 67

68 Neighbor Discovery 2010 by SCTE 68

69 Neighbor Discovery Router Advertisement 2010 by SCTE 69

70 PROVISIONING 2010 by SCTE 70

71 Provisioning DHCPv6 Stateful DHCPv6 Stateless DHCPv6 PD SLAAC CM CMTS DHCP v6 APM RA MDD

72 START NOW! 2010 by SCTE 72

73 IPv6: Getting Started Start Train Plan 2010 by SCTE 73

74 IPv6: Getting Started Test Troubleshoot Deploy Manage 2010 by SCTE 74

75 Training SCTE IPv6 Virtual Course SCTE IPv6 ILT Training SCTE Primers SCTE Live Learning SCTE Infoscope SCTE Cisco Training 2010 by SCTE 75