COURSE TITLE : DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS PRINCIPLE COURSE CODE : 3075 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/WEEK : 4 PERIODS/SEMESTER : 72 CREDITS : 4 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPICS PERIODS 1 Number system & Boolean algebra 17 Test I 1 2 Logic families &Combinational logic 17 circuits Test II 1 3 Sequential logic circuits 17 Test III 1 4 ADC, DAC & MEMORIES 17 Test IV 1 Total 72 OBJECTIVES MODULE I 1.1. Understand number systems 1.1.1Explain the conversion from decimal to binary by actual division and tabulation with suitable example. 1.1.2 Study decimal and binary fractions and conversion of decimal fraction into binary with suitable examples. 1.1.3 Know the features of octal number system with suitable examples for conversion of decimal into octal and octal into binary. 1.1.4 Study octal fractions and conversion of decimal fraction into octal. 1.1.5 Know the features of Hexadecimal number system with suitable examples for conversion of decimal into Hexadecimal and Hexadecimal into binary. 1.1.6 Study Hexadecimal fraction and conversion of Hexadecimal into direct binary and back. 1.1.7 State the need for binary codes and list different types of binary codes. 1.1.8 Study the BCD codes, excess-3 code, Gray code and binary weighted codes with suitable examples. 1.1.9 Study ASCII code 1.1.10 Study EBCDIC and error detecting and correcting codes. 1.1.11 With suitable examples give the idea of binary arithmetic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. 1.2. Understand Boolean algebra and logic simplifications 1.2.1 State the importance of logic theory and its applications. 1.2.2 Study the circuit diagram and explain the switching functions of AND, OR, XOR, and give their logic symbols 1.2.3 Draw symbols for NAND, NOR, NOT operation and discuss the advantages of using universal logic gates. 1.2.4 Know about the sum of product (SOP) expression, product of sum expression (POS.) minters and max terms 1.2.5 State the need for simplifying Boolean expression
1.2.6 Study the straight simplification with the help of logic rules and truth tables. 1.2.7 Study the basic principle of Karnaugh map.. 1.2.8 Study two variables, three variables and four variables K-maps with the help of suitable examples and its reductions. 1.2.9 Study an idea of Don t care terms. 1.2.10 Study reduction of Boolean expressions using K-map. 1.2.11 Study the idea of simplification in both SOP and POS form with the help of example 1.2.12 List the advantages and disadvantages of Karnaugh map. MODLULE II 2.1. Understand logic families 2.1.1 Classify digital logic gates on the basis of number of components incorporated with examples. 2.1.2 Study logic families. 2.1.3 Distinguish between positive and negative logic. 2.1.4 Describe how to represent logic gates by switches. 2.1.5 Give the detailed circuit description of transistor transfer logic and TTL inverter. 2.1.6 Know the terms VIL, VIH, VOL, VOH, Noise margin, noise immunity propagation delay. 2.1.7 Know the term current sourcing and current sinking, fan-in, fan-out, power dissipation, speed power product. 2.2.Understand combinational logic circuits 2.2.1 Study combinational logic circuits. 2.2.2 Design half adder, full adder, half subtractor, and full subtractor. 2.2.3 Design BCD adders. 2.2.4 Study the importance of Look-ahead carry adder with examples. 2.2.5 Study multiplexer & demultiplexer circuits 2.2.6 List and explain the various applications of multiplexers and demultiplexers. 2.2.7 Explain the operation of encoders and decoders. 2.2.8 Explain various decoders such as BCD to decimal, binary to excess 3 code, binary to gray code and BCD to 7 segment with suitable examples. 2.2.9 Study digital comparators. MODULE III 3.1. Understand sequential logic circuits 3.1.1 Study the sequential logic circuits 3.1.2 Distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous sequential logic circuits 3.1.3 Construct SR flip flop using NAND gates 3.1.4 Explain JK flip flop with the help of truth table and timing diagram. 3.1.5 Study the need for preset and clear inputs 3.1.6 Know the race around condition 3.1.7 Study master slave JK flip flop 3.1.8 Explain D flip flop, T flip flop with the help of diagram and truth table 3.1.9 Study the working of shift registers-serial in serial out, parallel in parallel out, parallel in serial out and serial in parallel out 3.1.10 Differentiate right shift and left shift registers 3.1.11 Give the application of shift registers 3.1.12 Know the working of ring counter and its applications 3.1.13 Explain Johnson counter and its applications 3.1.14 Study Binary counters 3.1.15 Differentiate synchronous and asynchronous counters
3.1.16 Study ripple counter 3.1.17 Design and implement modulo- N asynchronous counter upto 4 bit
MODULE IV 4.1. Understand different types memories 4.1.1 Explain semi conductor memory 4.1.2 List various types of memory 4.1.3 Distinguish between ROM and RAM 4.1.4 Explain basic principle of working of ROM 4.1.5 State different types of ROM 4.1.6 List different ROM and RAM ICs 4.1.7 Explain the working of dynamic memory 4.1.8 Compare Static RAM, Dynamic RAM 4.1.9 State the difference between Flash ROM and NVRAM 4.2. Understand D to A and A to D converters 4..2.1 Define accuracy 4..2.2 Define resolution 4..2.3 Calculate accuracy and resolution for DAC 4.2.4 Draw the block diagram of simple binary weighted DAC 4.2.5 Explain simple binary weighted DAC 4.2.6 Explain briefly R- 2R ladder type network for DAC 4.2.7 Study ADC 4.2.8 Define & calculate resolution for ADC 4.2.9 Study counter-ramp type ADC 4.2.10 List the advantages and disadvantage of counter ramp type ADC 4.2..11 Study successive approximation ADC 4.2.12 List the advantages and disadvantages of SA- ADC CONTENT DETAILS MODULE I Number System and Boolean algebra Number systems - decimal, binary, octal, Hex number system conversion from one system to another system Fractions in all the number systems and its conversions - use of binary codes, different types of binary codes, binary coded decimal, self complementing codes, ASCII Code, EBCDIC error detecting and correcting codes, binary addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. 1 st complement and 2 s complement method of subtraction Introduction to logic theory, switching functions AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR operations. The sum of products (SOP) expression, product of sum (POS) expression, switching circuits, truth tables, Boolean theorems and postulates - simplifications of Boolean expressions - simplifications using postulates and Karnaugh map. MODULE II Logic families SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI and ULSI, existing logic families, positive and negative logic - Transistor Transistor Logic- standard TTL and Schottky TTL, TTL inverter,, noise margin, noise immunity, propagation delay, current sourcing and current sinking, fan in, fan out, power dissipation, speed power product, Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of various logic families Combinational Logic Circuit Introduction Design half adder, full adder, half subtractor, full subtractor, BCD adder- Look ahead Carry adder, multiplexer/data selector - basic 2 to 1MUX, 4 to 1 MUX, applications of
the MUX, demultiplexer, 1 to 2 demultiplexer, 1 to 4 demultiplexer, multiplexer and demultiplexerics-encoders and decoders, encoder and decoder Ics. BCD to decimal, BCD to 7 segment decoder encoder digital comparators MODULE III Sequential Logic Circuits Introduction - SR flip flop, SR latch - SR flip-flop using NAND gates, JK flip- flop with preset and clear inputs, D flip-flop, T flip-flop, Master Slave flip-flop Flip flop ICs Binary counters-design and implementation of asynchronous modulus N counter, up down counters-examples- Design and implementation of mod N synchronous (upto 4 bit) counters, and random sequence generators-examples.study of counter ICs, implementation of mod N counters. Shift registers, serial in serial out, parallel in parallel out, serial in parallel out, parallel in serial out shift registers, left shift and right shift registers applications of shift registers, ring counter, Johnson counter and applications. MODULE IV Memories Semi conductor memory- Non-volatile memories ROM PROM EPROM EEROM Flash ROM Volatile memories RAM static RAM - dynamic RAM specifications of memory like speed, access time,capacity, type Digital to analog conversion Binary weighted DAC R-2R ladder type network for DAC Analog to digital conversion Ramp type ADC Successive Approximation ADC TEXT BOOKS 1. Digital fundamentals - Floyd & Jain 2. Fundamentals of digital circuits - A. Anand Kumar REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Digital system principles and applications - Ronald J. Tocci 2. Digital Integrated Circuits - Bogart 3. Digital Logic Applications and Design - John M Yarbrough 4 Digital computer fundamentals - Thomas. C. Bartee 5. Digital electronics- An introduction to theory and practice - Gothman 6. Digital design - Mano 7 Digital Electronics - Green