Suite, Suite Phylogeetics /5 Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Michael Charlesto ad Zoltá Szabó michael.charlesto@sydey.edu.au November 5th, 20
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 2/5 S Bach oha Sebastia Bach was bor i Eiseach ito a musical family, o 3st of March 685, ad died 28th uly, 750. I betwee, he was a prolific composer, ad, while he was less appreciated for this durig his life, he has sice become recogised as oe of the greatest composers of all time.
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 3/5 The cello suites The six suites for uaccompaied cello were writte by Bach aroud 77-723, whe Bach was the Kappelmeister i Köthe. There are hudreds of recordigs of these, but, perhaps surprisigly, there are also 07 differet versios of the suites. How ca this be
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 3/5 The cello suites The six suites for uaccompaied cello were writte by Bach aroud 77-723, whe Bach was the Kappelmeister i Köthe. There are hudreds of recordigs of these, but, perhaps surprisigly, there are also 07 differet versios of the suites. How ca this be It was the practice of Bach s wife Aa Magdalea that she would trascribe her husbad s work by had, to a eater versio, which was used for performace. Oce that was doe, further copies could be made.
20 e V o i s r
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 6/5 Copyig music by had Is hard! It is highly repetitive, laborious work ad there is lots of room for error. Is permissive... like the secretary havig the power i meetigs over what was said, music ca be iterpreted... corrected... From Aa Magdalea s versio, three more had copies were made, before the pritig press took over. As of 20, there are ow 07 versios icludig those origial copies,... but Bach s origial is lost. The versios are all differet. Sources of error : copyig error correctios iterpretatios additioal guidelies
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 8/5 O playig Baroque music It s worth uderstadig how Baroque music was writte while music from the period is kow for its florid orametatio, the details of what oramets were actually played, were ot o geerally the mauscript: much of the choice of how to play a give piece was left up to the musicia. This icludes such thigs as bowig figerig dyamics (chages i volume) accets oramets (mordets, turs, trills, grace otes (appoggiaturas ad accacciaturas) )
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics 9/5 Recet mauscript is more guided As a rough rule of thumb, musical mauscript has become more prescriptive: The performer will play a mordet here, ot a trill! He or she will begi the crescedo here ad ot later, ad the have a acceted attack here, ad the... a pause... ad so o. Also, performers versios ca become popular ad others may wish to emulate them thus, more detailed istructios are ivaluable here (audio recordig ot beig available!).
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 0/5 Some musical termiology A few rudimets
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology /5 What is mauscript music ust i case you do t read music (show of hads please) Music is represeted i varyig levels of depth o mauscript: some versios show just pitch ad duratio, but others go ito (volume) dyamics, acceleratio (accelerado), deceleratio (decelerado) Aotatios are commoly i Italia (they are for much of these suites); The types of aotatios ca be broke ito several types: ties ad slurs how the trasitio betwee otes is to be played accets how otes are attacked
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 2/5 Oramets Trill alterate rapidly betwee the idicated ote ad the oe above (i the scale): Tur hit the ote, go above, go back, go below, ad go back: it looks like this: ad would be played like this: Grace Notes the appogiatura ad the acciaccatura, which are very short ad very very short otes played just prior to the mai oe. Mordet a little like a very short trill,
Our iitial data There are ow 07 prited versios of the suites (icludig the most recet appearig i 20). We could ot ecode every suite, every versio (we do t have them all), or eve every movemet i a sigle suite, because it s laborious ad slow... We selected oe movemet, the D mior Allemade from Suite II, BWV 008, ad just 2 versios to ecode at this stage. We (that is, Zoltá) paistakigly trascribed 2 versios ito Sibelius software ad exported these as pdf. awful We looked at usig MusicXML ad automatically doig this but it was Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 3/5
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology /5 Referece, 992 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach 9 b R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 5/5 Aa Magdalea, 727 D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach; Aa Magdalea Bach MS cca 727 c b R b 5 b r r 9 b R 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 6/5 Aa Magdalea, 727 D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach; Aa Magdalea Bach MS cca 727 c b R b 5 b r r 9 b R 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Bazelaire, 920 Lourd et expressif rall..... a Tempo 2 3 b c > 0 2-3 2 2 2 R > f b mf 2 5 0-3 - 0 3 0 2 b r r f rall.......... a Tempo rall.......... a Tempo rall.... 2 3 mf D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p f mf mp cresc. f cresc............. - rall....... a Tempo 3 3. S. Bach ed. Bazelaire 920 9 -> b > - R ff mp p mf f f cresc. 3 2 2 0 2 - j 3 3 0 b 3 - b b b b rall.......... a Tempo 7 2 3 3 - - 3 b > > 0 b b j p 2-2 2 2-2 -- b - b - > -> j > cresc. rall.... Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 7/5 U
Bazelaire, 920 Lourd et expressif rall..... a Tempo 2 3 b c > 0 2-3 2 2 2 R > f b mf 2 5 0-3 - 0 3 0 2 b r r f rall.......... a Tempo rall.......... a Tempo rall.... 2 3 mf D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p f mf mp cresc. f cresc............. - rall....... a Tempo 3 3. S. Bach ed. Bazelaire 920 9 -> b > - R ff mp p mf f f cresc. 3 2 2 0 2 - j 3 3 0 b 3 - b b b b rall.......... a Tempo 7 2 3 3 - - 3 b > > 0 b b j p 2-2 2 2-2 -- b - b - > -> j > cresc. rall.... Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 8/5 U
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 9/5 Beissweger, 2000 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach 9 b R 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 20/5 Daffel, 879 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach ed. Dörffel 879 9 b j R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 2/5 Dotzauer, 826 D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach 3 2 2 2 b c R II b 5. 0 3. b r 9 0 3 2 2. 0 b R 3 2 2.. 2... b.. b b. b b. 7. 0 2 2. b b b... 2 b. 2 2 3.0... b. j. U
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 22/5 Keller, 726 D Mior Suite, Allemade c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach; Keller MS 726 9 b R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 23/5 Markevitch, 96 D Mior Suite, Allemade q = 63 c b R b 5 b r r. S. Bach ed: Markevitch 9 b j R [p] 3 j b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 2/5 Norbli, 82 f Allegro D Mior Suite, Allemade b R f p f b f p 3 5 b r r. S. Bach ed: Norbli 82 9 b j R f 3 j b b b b 7 3 b b b 2 Ω Ω Ω 2 U b b j
Schroeder, 888 Allegro moderato 2. 3 3 2 2 b c R - f - b dim.. 5 0 3 0 b r r f D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p dim. 3-2 2 cresc. f p sehr breit. S. Bach ed. Schroeder 888 9 sehr breit 2 3 b - - j R cresc. sf mf f f 3 j 2 3-3 b 2 b b b 7 b - - b j b - j 2 - b 2 2 b j Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 25/5 p U
Schroeder, 888 Allegro moderato 2. 3 3 2 2 b c R - f - b dim.. 5 0 3 0 b r r f D Mior Suite, Allemade cresc. f p dim. 3-2 2 cresc. f p sehr breit. S. Bach ed. Schroeder 888 9 sehr breit 2 3 b - - j R cresc. sf mf f f 3 j 2 3-3 b 2 b b b 7 b - - b j b - j 2 - b 2 2 b j Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 26/5 p U
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 27/5 Starker, 970 D Mior Suite, Allemade 3 2 0 2 0 3 2 3 2 b c R b 0 5 0 m 3 3 0 0 2 2 m 0 b r r. S. Bach ed: Starker 97 9 m. b R 3 2 0 0 3 j m 3 b b b b b 7 0 2 0 0 m 3 2 b - b b - R Ó 2 2 3 2 0 2 3 3 U b b - j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 28/5 Starker, 970 D Mior Suite, Allemade 3 2 0 2 0 3 2 3 2 b c R b 0 5 0 m 3 3 0 0 2 2 m 0 b r r. S. Bach ed: Starker 97 9 m. b R 3 2 0 0 3 j m 3 b b b b b 7 0 2 0 0 m 3 2 b - b b - R Ó 2 2 3 2 0 2 3 3 U b b - j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 29/5 Westphal, late 8thC D Mior Suite, Allemade. S. Bach; Westphal MS late 8th cet. c b R b 5 b r r 9 b j R 3 j b b b b b 7 b b b 2 U b b j
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Some musical termiology 30/5 The aligmet is trivial... At least i cotrast to molecular phylogeetic data, the sequeces here are basically already aliged. The bar lies are homologous; The duratio ad placemet of most of the melodic otes are uchaged (though some harmoic otes are chaged); Oramets are usually uambiguously placed.
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 3/5 Liste ad follow Cue up a recordig
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 32/5 Bars 0 8 def AM Ba Be Da Do K M N Sc St W
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 33/5 Bars 9 6 def AM Ba Be Da Do K M N Sc St W
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 3/5 Bars 7 2 def AM Ba Be Da Do K M N Sc St W
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 35/5 Notes Bowig: Two versios of these 2 (Dotzauer ad Starker) give their ow bowig istructios; the rest do t, ad so these are t very useful as characters. Figerig: While figerig is geerally left up to the player, it s sometimes useful to have have as a suggestio this was also left out. Dyamics most versios leave them out. Some idicate crescedi ad dimiuedi but ca differ i where they start ad fiish: these were merged where possible. Oramets: mostly these were uique to each versio (sigletos or parsimoy uiformative).
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 36/5 Eterig the data
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 37/5 Our aliged data Versio Dyamics Oramets Slurs default-992 00000000000 00000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 AaMadaleda-727 0 00000 00000000000000000000000000000 Bazelaire-920 00000000000 220 00000000000000 Beissweger-2000 00000000000 00000 000000000000000000000000000 Daffel-879 00000000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000000 Dotzauer-826 00000000000 00000 00000000000000000000000000 Keller-726 00000000000 00000 00000000000000000000000000000 Markevitch-96 0000000000 000 000000000000000000000000000 Norbli-82 20000000000 00000 00000000000000000000000000 Schroeder-888 00000000000 0222 000000000000000000 Starker-970 00000000000 2302030 0000000000000000000 Westphal-late8thC 00000000000 000 0000000000000000000000000000
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 38/5 0. Bazelaire-920 Starker-970 Schroeder-888 Dotzauer-826 default-992 Keller-726 Norbli-82 Daffel-879 Beissweger-2000 Markevitch-96 Westphal-late8thC AaMadaleda-727
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 39/5 00.0 default-992 Westphal-late8thC Keller-726 Markevitch-96 AaMadaleda-727 Daffel-879 Beissweger-2000 Dotzauer-826 Norbli-82 Schroeder-888 Starker-970 Bazelaire-920
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow 0/5 Commets While it s early days yet, There s promise of iterestig thigs to come; We ca see some of the relatioships that are cosistet with what s kow about the copyig history There seems to be potetial to recover a origial whatever worth that has...
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics Liste ad follow /5 Next Steps So what do we eed to do ext Ecode more of the suites 2 See if we ca recover the origial Write software to eable musicias to select which versio they wat to play 2 possibly through judicious applicatio of udergraduate studets
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you 2/5 thak you Questios ad Commets
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you 3/5 Thaks to I Wikipedia for images: Upper ad lower modet otatio by Sbrools at e.wikipedia - Trasferred from e.wikipedia. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:upper_ad_lower_modet_otatio_.pg Frotespizio Cello Suite by Aa Magdalea Bach - http://xoomer.virgilio.it/alessadro_corti/images/frotespizio_cello_suite.pg. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:frotespizio_cello_suite.pgmediaviewer/fi Tur otatio: Tur otatio by Origial uploader was Camembert at e.wikipedia. Later versio(s) were uploaded by Sbrools at e.wikipedia. - Trasferred from e.wikipedia; trasferred to Commos by User:Sfa00_IMG usig CommosHelper.. Licesed uder Creative Commos Attributio-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:tur_otatio.pgmediaviewer/file:tur_o
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you /5 Thaks to II Tur executio by Origial uploader was Camembert at e.wikipedia. Later versio(s) were uploaded by Sbrools at e.wikipedia. - Trasferred from e.wikipedia; trasferred to Commos by User:Sfa00_IMG usig CommosHelper.. Licesed uder Creative Commos Attributio-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:tur_executio.pgmediaviewer/file:tur_e oha Sebastia Bach by Elias Gottlob Haussma - e:image:bach-hausma.jpg from http://www.jsbach.et/bass/elemets/bach-hausma.jpg. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:bach-hausma.jpg Bachsa2 by.s. Bach - Iteratioal Music Score Library Project. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:bachsa2.pngmediaviewer/file:bachsa2.pn oha Sebastia Bach by Elias Gottlob Haussma - e:image:bach-hausma.jpg from http://www.jsbach.et/bass/elemets/bach-hausma.jpg. Licesed uder Public domai via Wikimedia Commos - http://commos.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:oha_sebastia_bach.jpgmediaviewer/fil
Suite, Suite Phylogeetics thak you 5/5 Zoltá Szabó