Traffic Signal Performance Measures Alex Hainen University of Alabama Darcy Bullock, Jim Sturdevant, Tom Brennan, Chris Day, Steve Remias, Howell Li, Amanda Stevens, Steve Lavrenz, Rick Freije, Ben Smith, Ross Haseman, Joey Ernst, Greg Richards, Ed Cox, Tim Overman, Mark Taylor, Jamie Mackey, Jay Lindly, Temple Inc., Md Abu Sufian Talukder, Elsa Tedla, Chris Terry, Tim Britt, Mike Vickrey, Nick Crane, David Kemp, James Brown, Tim Bunger, Tyler Fields, Walt Townsend
Signal Timing Procedure OPTIONS 1. Engineer / Synchro 2. Adaptive Signal Control 3. Data Driven Performance Measures
AASHTO Technology Implementation Group http://tig.transportation.org
State-wide Traffic Signal Management AASHTO Technology Implementation Group http://tig.transportation.org
UDOT Cool Traffic Engineering 1/26/2016
Alabama Website Work in Progress 1/26/2016
What is the new traffic data and how does it work? HOW THIS APPROACH WORKS
Using Traffic Signal Data Consider this mini-corridor for the Diamond at I-20/59 @ McFarland Intersection 1 WB Ramp Intersection 2 EB Ramp
Example: Internal Progression Not just for the left-turns, but how is traffic progressing through the interchange Intersection 1 WB Ramp For this SB thru movement, we can use a Purdue Coordination Diagram to monitor Intersection 2 EB Ramp
Purdue Coordination Diagram C:\Users\Alex\Desktop\pcd.mp4 https://www.youtube.com/embed/yhrttuhcjmw
I-465 @ SR-37 Diamond Interchange w/advanced Loops Advanced Detection
Ring Displacement Offset Between Coordinated Phases Ring 1 Ring 2 Ø6 Ø5 Ø7 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 7 5 6* 3 1 2* North Intersection South Intersection RD = 42s OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø3 Ø1 Ø2
Ring Structure From the HiRes Data, Plot the Rings Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
Ring Displacement How is this parameter set? Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 Ring Displacement OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
SB Thru Detectors Consider one of the four internal movements Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
Arrival on Green? Plot the green status of the overlap Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
Project the Detector Data 295 upstream 5 seconds @ 40 MPH Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 The engineer who set the ring displacement did a fantastic job at arrivals on green for this movement! OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø3 Ø1 Ø2
Adjusting the ring displacement What effect would it have? Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 RD RD OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
Ring Displacement +10 Seconds What effect would it have? Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 RD+10 RD+10 OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
Ring Displacement +20 Seconds Vehicles from upstream arrive later Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 RD +20 RD +20 OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Ø3 Ø2
Ring Displacement +20 Seconds Vehicles from upstream arrive later Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 By moving the ring displacement 20 seconds forward, the lagging WBL from the north ramp movement arrives at the south intersection on OL-D red while the EBL at the south ramp is served Not Good! OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø3 Ø1 Ø2
Optimization Curves Let s Look at the Southbound Thru (Our +0, +10, +20 example) Percent on Green 100% SB Thru SB Thru points 75% 50% 25% 0% -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Ring Displacement Adjustment
Optimization Curves Southbound Thru +10 Percent on Green 100% SB Thru SB Thru points 75% 50% 25% 0% -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Ring Displacement Adjustment
Optimization Curves Southbound Thru +20 Percent on Green 100% SB Thru SB Thru points 75% 50% 25% 0% -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Ring Displacement Adjustment
Optimization Curves Southbound Thru for the Full Sweep Percent on Green 100% SB Thru SB Thru 75% 50% 25% 0% -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Ring Displacement Adjustment
Consider All Four Movements Simultaneously NBL, NBT, SBL, SBT Percent on Green 100% 75% SB Thru NB Thru NB Thru SB Left NB Left SB Left NB Left 50% 25% 0% -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Ring Displacement Adjustment
Composite Interchange Sweep This is where all four movements are considered simultaneously Percent on Green 100% 75% SB Thru NB Thru SB Left NB Left Composite SB Thru NB Thru SB Left NB Left COMPOSITE 50% 25% 0% -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Ring Displacement Adjustment
Purdue Coordination Diagram Also Useful to Visualize Arrivals on Green Time in Cycle (Seconds) Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 Start of Red Start of Green OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Time of Day Ø3 Ø2
Purdue Coordination Diagram Looking at an entire plan (0900-1400) Time in Cycle (Seconds) 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 Start of Red Start of Green OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Time of Day Ø3 Ø2
24HR PCD: Sequence for 0900-1400 First is Ø6 SBT, then Ø7 WBL from the ramp Time in Cycle (Seconds) Ø6 Ø7 Ø5 OL-H Ø6+Ø7 Start of Red Start of Green OL-D Ø1+Ø2 Ø1 Time of Day Ø3 Ø2
A Brief 2-Slide Explanation and Cool Results Video SEQUENCE OPTIMIZATION
I-69 / 96 th Street Diamond Interchange How to handle the left-turn phasing? Based on the arriving platoons, should the left turn lead or lag?
Time in Cycle (Seconds) Time in Cycle (Seconds) I-69 / 96 th Street NOVEMBER 2013 DECEMBER 2013 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 WB Thru BEFORE AOG = 5,866 AFTER AOG = 7,315 (+1,449) 120 120 90 90 60 60 30 30 0 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 0 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00
WBT After Video C:\Users\Alex\Desktop\sequence.mp4 https://www.youtube.com/embed/b4qgzo2_0q4
Tuscaloosa Signals 85 Signals covering 7 Corridors
UDOT Offset Salt Lake City This was very effective to show executive staff the benefits and improvements Foothill Boulevard Sunnyside Avenue E 1300 S S 2300 E E 1700 S E 2100 S
What do we need for this? Implementation of Data-Driven Performance Measures Detection Advanced, by-lane detection with crisp arrival information Need to capture each vehicle Communication Fiber is great, especially if existing Cellular is fine too. Also, radio can fill in the gaps Data-Logging Traffic Controllers Most modern controllers feature built-in data logging Siemens M54 & M60, Econolite ASC/3 & Cobalt, Peek ATC1000
Conclusion: These Graphics are Useful! Can they be included on newer generation traffic controllers?
Conclusion: These Graphics are Useful! Can they be included on newer generation traffic controllers?
Conclusion: High-Resolution Event-Based Data Powerful New Way to Monitor, Operate, and Optimize Signals Siemens M52 Data Logging Controller alexhainen.com
Programming Lots of Equipment
Advanced Detection Installation Wireless Setup One detector in each lane, in each direction, 5 seconds upstream
Advanced Detection Installation Contractor coring a 4 hole in AL-69S SB (just south of Skyland)
Advanced Detection Installation Completed Sensor Install. Will be almost invisible.
Installing Lots of Equipment