DEVELOPMENT OF A 10 MW SHEET BEAM KLYSTRON FOR THE ILC* D. Sprehn, E. Jongewaard, A. Haase, A. Jensen, D. Martin, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94020, U.S.A. A. Burke, SAIC, San Jose, CA 95110, U.S.A. Work supported by the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SD00515 Slide 1
ILC Sheet Beam Klystron Plug compatible alternative for ILC source Better Could be a talk unto itself If possible, use permanent magnets Challenges - Everything is 3D! 3D PIC takes a LONG time Discover how to use 2D effectively Concern of 3D gun perform BSD first Adjustable gun during prototype experiment Slide 2
In brief PCM to focus SBK (115kV, 130A, 5Hz, 1.6ms, 1.3GHz) XP3 HV seal and PEP collector parts Horizontal operation Slide 3
Electron Gun Features 2A/cm 2 Gradients ~BFK Linear convergence For experiments Adjustable A-K gap during operation Adjustable upper/lower bias voltages ~0 to -1kV Easily removable FE for possible upgrade Split anode to measure interception of top or bottom of beam Downside definitely for prototype Oil cooling required to accommodate the For Experiments Slide 4
F.E. bias allows for some recovery from mechanical misalignments Slide 5
Tank and gun showing K-A gap adjustment mechanism Slide 6
Electron Gun construction and F.E. mounting Slide 7
Electron Gun measure hot mechanical movements Slide 8
Anode For experiments Isolated to measure interception from top and bottom planes separately Easily removable for possible upgrade Downside definitely for prototype Complex: cooling, isolated, removable Requires precise alignment to F.E. Slide 9
Beam Sampling Device (BSD) Requirements 8mil diameter, 1kV biased, carbon cup 3 axis scanning of beam (z-axis is limited) Removable: Experiments go between it and gun Operates microsecond pulse lengths Slide 10
Static BSD test Slide 11
Magnetic PCM with BSD test on tank Slide 12
BSD Probe detail Slide 13
Ceramic seal Maintain old BFK gradients Original smaller diameter BFK seal run at 83.5 kv Use the XP3 seal Change inner corona ring to Whale tail to reduce gradients to old BFK levels Result Gradients at old BFK levels Slide 14
Spent beam power using a PEP collector Cylindrical collector used since we have one available. 80 kw/cm 2 on the edge of the side zones X-Compression: By field is introduced from step in last polepiece to allow the beam to spread in y-direction before impact 30kW/cm 2 Slide 15
Cavities Loss coupler for setting the Q Cold test and simulation agree on the modes 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Slide 16
Cu Output Cavity Q = 40, R/Q = 20, M = 0.89 (R/Q & M averaged over beam) Hybrid use between output window and load to optimize the output cavity match for best performance Slide 17
Windows and waveguide Gradients <= other designs Multipactor and trapped modes were analyzed and deemed not an issue. 1.02 LSBK Window 1.010 1.008 SWR-.04R SWR-no R VSWR 1.006 1.004 1.01 1.002 1.000 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.31 1.33 1.35 1 1.28 1.285 1.29 1.295 1.3 1.305 1.31 1.315 1.32 Frequency (GHz) Slide 18
Magnet Structure Requirements Common magnets and pole pieces Shielded to external fields Tunable to taper field and zero the axis Can be measured ~exactly as it is used Fast replacement-don t have to pull tube Slide 19
Translation between codes looks very reasonable MAGIC3D Michelle MagNet ANSYS Slide 20
Beam entrance to PCM stack, edge focusing, and earth s field Slide 21
Edge Focusing Selection Too little Too much Just right Slide 22
Entrance tilt Selection MICHELLE Beam @ z=84cm MICHELLE Beam @ z=84cm with Px(z=0) = 0 Slide 23
Earth field cancellation No cancellation With cancellation (coil on @ 20 A Turns) 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02-600 -400-200 0 200 400 0-0.02-0.04-0.06-0.08 sum - on axis sum - beam edge sum - flush - on axis sum - flush - beam edge -0.1 Slide 24
Sensitivity simulation #3 thermal beam Gun stem (cathode + FE) twist w.r.t. anode A-K gap = 46 mm (nominal) Twist = 0.1 (Cathode and FE w.r.t. anode) Bias = -500 V (nominal) Perveance = 129.49 A (-0.4%) Peak emission current density = 2.2 A/cm 2 Zero intercepted current through z = 18 cm (end of model) MICHELLE model: Full geometry Mesh elements = 2,146,000; Mesh nodes = 2,192,290 Electrostatic DOF = 2,115,731; Magnetostatic DOF = 6,346,175 Particles = 189,164 before decimation; 63,088 after 3x decimation (memory limitation); (4 emission sites/mesh; 6 thermal rays/emission site) Iteration cycles = 58 (Runtime = 5 days 18 hours) Data file: 071029_SensSimNo3_thermal.RLB Slide 25
Start by getting agreement with 1D, 2D and 3D simulations using a sheet beam geometry with a solenoid done. 2.0 1.5 I1/Io 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 z (m) Slide 26
Field profile and 2D MAGIC runs of PCM SBK using 2D MAGNET and a symmetry plane at the y=0 axis. 2.4 2.2 2 Ramp Normalized Field Normalized Field (using 3D R/Q Values) Field Scaling Factor 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 z (m) Slide 27
Field ramp and beam of 3D MAGIC runs using 3D MAGNET and a symmetry plane at the y=0 axis. Field Scaling Factor 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 Normalized Field (using 2D R/Q Values) Normalized Field Normalized Field (using 3D R/Q Values) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 z (m) Slide 28
Removing the symmetry plane and beam symmetry is broken. This caused a slight detour of the original design (alter B and drift tube size). Some Theoretical analysis has been done for 2-cavity system at lower current, see Friday 8:30-1230 poster session (FR5RFP082) K.L.F Bane et al Slide 29
The frequency of the trapped mode is a function of cavity spacing and only lightly couples to the cavities. The Q has to be < ~30 for no oscillations to form. Slide 30
Practical Mitigation of the TE Mode Increase confinement field Solenoid works at low fields PCM more difficult, has transport bands Increase drift tube PCM more difficult Spoils the rf coupling at some point Combine Add loss or chokes Tail chase (may not eliminate all modes) Slide 31
Make sure the rf design is still valid! 1.2 1.15 1.1 Nominal 2x Drift Height 3x Drift Height 1.2 1.15 1.1 Nominal 2x Drift Height 3x Drift Height M^2 * R/Q (N o rm a liz e d ) 1.05 1 0.95 M^2 * R/Q (Normalized) 1.05 1 0.95 0.9 0.9 0.85 0.85 0.8 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5 22 22.5 23 23.5 24 24.5 25 0.8 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Gap Length (mm) Gap Length (mm) Nominal Cavity Geometry Output Cavity Geometry Slide 32
Backup plan use a solenoid. Will a 400G Solenoid Beam Transport down to the output cavity plane at 85cm without doing anything different? Yes, with a slight tilt. X-y view of 1x Drift X-y view of 2x Drift Slide 33
Long 2D 2x drift tube runs for the klystron (B=390G Solenoid) shows stable operation at 10MW Slide 34
Long 2D 2x drift tube runs for the klystron (B=390G RMS PCM) shows stable operation Without RF With RF, Just shy of 10MW, in process of fine tuning Slide 35
BSD Testing Alteration of original plan to validate latest TE mode interception data for a 2-cavity system 3500 Time to Interception (ns) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 PPM 2D (RMS, 1x Drift) PPM 3D (RMS, 1x Drift) 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Magnetic Field (G) Point much easier to build now than solenoid, many parts in house, keeps plan on track Slide 36
BSD test to begin Monday, May 11 Slide 37
Summary Challenges - Everything is 3D! Good 1, 2 & 3D code agreement BSD testing this Monday 2-Cavity PCM transport BSD test coming next Plug compatible alternative for ILC source PCM preference, solenoid backup TE mode: increase drift tube and field Design meets spec, now need to build it Slide 38