James M. Milne Library Chicago Style Guide Notes Bibliography Style

James M. Milne Library Chicago Style Guide Notes Bibliography Style The following rules and examples are based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (REF Z253.U69 2010). More extensive examples and detailed instructions can be found in the manual. The Notes-Bibliography (NB) format is mostly used to cite items in History and other humanities. TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOKS 1. Book with a single author 2. Book with multiple authors 3. Book with no author or anonymous author 4. Book with an editor or translator 5. Book with an organization as author 6. Electronic book 7. Book chapter 8. Print encyclopedia article 9. Online encyclopedia article PERIODICALS 10. Print journal article 11. Online journal article from a database 12. Online journal article not from a database 13. Print magazine article 14. Online magazine article from a database 15. Online magazine article not from a database 16. Print newspaper article 17. Online newspaper article from a database 18. Online newspaper article not from a database INTERVIEWS AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION 19. Interview 20. Letter or e-mail GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS 21. General guidelines for print government documents WEBSITES, ONLINE MULTIMEDIA, AND SOCIAL MEDIA 22. Web page 23. Online multimedia from a database 24. Online multimedia not from a database 25. Podcast 26. Blog 27. Social Media NOTES Notes citations follow the same form if they are footnotes (at the bottom of the page) or endnotes (at the end of the chapter or work). Notes numbering should begin at 1 and continue consecutively throughout an article or chapter. Each new article or chapter should start again at 1. The number should come at the end of a sentence or clause, and be in superscript type. A foot or endnote should be indented two spaces, followed by the note number, a period, and a space. Titles should be capitalized headline style, which means capitalize the important words. To reduce the amount of space taken by foot or endnotes, subsequent citations to the same work should be shortened if possible. The short form should include the author s last name, enough words of the title to identify it, and the page number. If there are two authors, the citation should include both names; if there are more than two, use the first author s name and add et al. If you are citing from two different sources, put a ; between them. 1

1. Soltes, Georgia, 285; Silverstein, Sir Gawain, 38. If you cite an item, and the next citation is from the same source, use the word Ibid. Ibid. is short for ibidem, which means in the same place. If the citation is from the same page, only Ibid. is needed. If the citation is from a different page, use Ibid., page number. BIBILOGRAPHY References are arranged in alphabetical order by author s last name. If a source has no author, alphabetize by title and interfile with the list of authors. Ignore initial articles (a, an, the, la, los, eine) in the titles when alphabetizing. Bibliography entries should not be numbered, and there should be double-spaces between entries. Citations should be formatted using hanging indents. In MS Word 2010, the Paragraph section is under the Home tab. When there is more than one citation by the same author or authors, replace the subsequent name(s) with a 3 em dash (or six hyphens, followed by a period or comma, depending on which would normally follow the name. Squire, Larry R. The Hippocampus and the Neuropsychology of Memory. In Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, edited by W. Seifert, 491-511. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. ------. Memory and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Squire, Larry R., John T. Wixted, and Robert E. Clark. Recognition Memory and the Medial Temporal Lobe: A New Perspective. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 8 (2007): 872-83. 1. Book with a single author BOOKS #. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Edith Belle Gelles, Abigail & John: Portrait of a Marriage (New York: Harperluxe, 2009), 401. Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Gelles, Edith Belle. Abigail & John: Portrait of a Marriage. New York: Harperluxe, 2009. 2. Book with multiple authors #. First name Last name, First name Last name, and First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Kenneth H. Rubin, William M. Bukowski, and Brett Laursen, Handbook of Peer Interaction, Relationships, and Groups (New York: New York Press, 2009), 550-551. Last name, First name, First name Last name and First name Last name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Rubin, Kenneth H., William M. Bukowski, and Brett Laursen. Handbook of Peer Interaction, Relationships, and Groups. New York: New York Press, 2009. 2

3. Book with no author or anonymous author #. Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Numbers. 1. Go Ask Alice (New York: Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1971), 15. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Go Ask Alice. New York: Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1971. 4. Book with an editor or translator #. First name Last name, role, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Richard Joseph Stein, ed., Internet Safety (New York: H.W. Wilson, 2009), 10. Last name, First name, role. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Stein, Richard Joseph, ed. Internet Safety. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2009. 5. Book with an organization as author #. Name of Organization, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 656. Name of Organization. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. 6. Electronic book For books consulted online list the URL. Electronic books are cited like their print counterparts with the addition of the type of media at the end of the citation. Include an access date only if required by the instructor. #. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number, Web Address. 1. Adam Schweikhard and Bradley J. Birzer, The American West (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 12, http://www.netlibrary.com. 2. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), 45, Kindle edition. Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Web Address. Schweikhard, Adam and Bradley J. Birzer. The American West. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2003. http://www.netlibrary.com. 3

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle edition. 7. Book chapter #. First name Last name, Title of Chapter, in Title of Book, edited by First name Last name, (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), Page Number(s). 1. Jack P. Greene, Europe and the Atlantic, in Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal, ed. Philip P. Morgan, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 251. Last name, First name. Title of Chapter. In Title of Book, edited by First name Last name, Page Range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Greene, Jack P. Europe and the Atlantic. In Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip P. Morgan, 249-278. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 8. Print encyclopedia article Encyclopedia articles are typically cited in the notes, but omitted from the bibliography. If used, some professors may requirethe titles be listed separately as background sources. #. Title of Encyclopedia, ed., s.v. Title of Article. For a lesser-known encyclopedia include publication information: (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication). 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. "John Quincy Adams. 2. Dictionary of the Middle Ages, ed. Joseph R. Strayer (New York: Charles Schribners, 1983), s.v. Constantinople. 9. Online encyclopedia article Encyclopedia articles are typically cited in the notes, but omitted from the bibliography. If used, some professors may requirethe titles be listed separately as background sources. Because online encyclopedias are continually updated, Chicago recommends citing an access date. If the encyclopedia article is from a database, use the database address only. #. Title of Encyclopedia, s.v. Title of Article First name Last name, accessed date, URL. 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, s.v. Adams, John Quincy, by Samuel Flagg Bemis, accessed August 12, 2010, http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/topic/5159/john-quincy-adams. 10. Print journal article PERIODICALS #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Number(s). 1. Maurice S. Lee, Probably Poe, American Literature 81, no. 2 (2009): 225. 4

Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Range. Lee, Maurice S. Probably Poe. American Literature 81, no. 2 (2009): 222-252. 11. Online journal article from a database Access date may not be required unless it is time-sensitive. The database name or DOI (Digital Object Idenitfier, a number unqiue to the electronic source, including individual journal articles) should be included at the end of the citation. The DOI is typically found on the first page of an electronic journal article. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Numbers, accessed Date, Database Name or DOI. 1. Claudis Saunt, Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations, The Journal of American History 93, no. 3 (2006): 673, accessed May 12, 2009, JSTOR. 2. M. Ruiz Pena, M. I. Iglesias Hernandez, and A.J. Madueno Caro, Depession in Adolescents, European Psychiatry 25, Supplement 1 (2010): 85, doi:10.1016/s0924 9338(10)70449 1. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Range. Accessed Date. Database Name or DOI. Saunt, Claudis. Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations. The Journal of American History 93, 3 (2006): 673-697. Accessed May 12, 2009. JSTOR Pena, M. Ruiz, M. I. Iglesias Hernandez, and A.J. Madueno Caro. Depession in Adolescents. European Psychiatry 25, Supplement 1 (2010): 85. doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70449-1. 12. Online journal article not from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Number(s), accessed Date, URL or DOI. 1. Claudis Saint, Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations. The Journal of American History 93, 3 (2006): 673, accessed April 13, 2011, http://jah.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/3/673.full. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Publication Date) Page Range. Accessed Date. URL or DOI. Saint, Claudis. Telling Stories: The Political Uses of Myth and History in the Cherokee and Creek Nations. The Journal of American History 93, 3 (2006): 673-637. Accessed April 13, 2011. http://jah.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/3/673.full. 13. Print magazine article Magazine articles are more often cited in text or in notes than in bibliographies. Below are formal examples of both notes and bibliographies. Cite magazines by date, rather than by volume and issue number. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Publication Date, Page Numbers. 1. Emily Macel, Can Art End Poverty?, Dance Magazine, February 2009, 35. 5

Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Publication Date, Page Range. Macel, Emily. Can Art End Poverty? Dance Magazine, February 2009, 34-6. 14. Online magazine article from a database Page numbers can be omitted in the bibliography. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Publication Date, Page Numbers, Database Name. 1. Amanda Ripley, The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt, Time, July 6, 2009, 45, LexisNexis Academic. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Publication Date. Database Name. Ripley, Amanda. The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt. Time, July 6, 2009. LexisNexis Academic. 15. Online magazine article not from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Publication Date, URL. 1. Amanda Ripley, The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt, Time, July 6, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1906802_1906838_1906798,00.html. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Publication Date, URL. Ripley, Amanda. The Relentless Mrs. Roosevelt. Time, July 6, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1906802_1906838_1906798,00.html. 16. Print newspaper article Newspaper articles are more often cited in text or in notes than in bibliographies. Below are formal examples of both notes and bibliographies. #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, Section Number. 1. Valerie Strauss, Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money, Washington Post, May 23, 2009, A01. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, Section Number. Strauss, Valerie. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009, A01. 17. Online newspaper article from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, Database Name. 1.Valerie Strauss, Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money, Washington Post, May 23, 2009, LexisNexis Academic. 6

Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, Publication Date. Database Name. Strauss, Valerie. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009. LexisNexis Academic. 18. Online newspaper article not from a database #. First name Last name, Title of Article, Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, URL. 1. Valerie Strauss. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com. Last name, First name. Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, URL. Strauss, Valerie. Colleges Consider 3-Year Degrees to Save Undergrads Time, Money. Washington Post, May 23, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com. INTERVIEWS AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION 19. Interview Unpublished interviews should be cited in text or in notes. Normally these need not be listed in the bibliography. Published or online interviews should be included in both the footnotes and the bibliography. #. First Name Last Name of Interviewee, interview by First Name Last Name, Publication/Show Title (if applicable), Network or Publisher (if applicable), Date of Interview, URL (if online). 1. Nancy Kleniewski, interview by John Smith, Oneonta, NY, November 11, 2011. (unpublished) 2. Steve Jobs, interview by Jim Goldman, Closing Bell, CNBC, September 5, 2007, http://www.cnbc.com/id/20610975/interview_transcript_steve_jobs. (published) Bibliograhy: #. Last Name, First Name of Interviewee. Title of Interview. By First Name Last Name. Publication/Show Title (if applicable). Network or Publisher (if applicable), Date of Interview. URL (if online). Jobs, Steve. By Jim Goldman. Closing Bell. CNBC, September 5, 2007. http://www.cnbc.com/id/20610975/interview_transcript_steve_jobs. 20. Letter/E-mail References to personal exchanges (e-mails, text messages, letters) are included in the text or a note. Normally these need not be listed in the bibliography. #. First Name Last Name, type of communication to recipient, Date. 1. Constance Conlon, e-mail message to author, April 17, 2010. 2. Sara Lehman, letter to author, August 13, 2009. 7

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS Government documents vary in required elements depending on the issuing agency and the type of document (e.g. court cases, laws and statutes, Congressional bills, etc.). Chicago recommends using The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (REF KF 245.B58) for legal citations. Please see The Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (sections 14.281-14.317) for specific examples (REF Z253.U69 2010). Note: For any given item not all the suggested information will necessarily be provided. There may, for example, not be an individual author(s), a publication number, etc. Simply include all the information available and omit the rest. 21. General guidelines for government documents For documents found online include the URL at the end of the citation. #. Issuing agency, Subsidiary Division/Office, Title of Document, by Individual Author/Editor, Publication Number (Place of publication: Publisher if different from the issuing body, Date), Page Number(s), URL. 1. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, by Robert Peters and Bruce E. Jaffe, Database of Recent Tsunami Deposits, Open-file report 2010-1172 (Reston, Virginia, 2010), 2. 2. U.S. Department of Education, The Road Less Traveled? Students Who Enroll in Multiple Institutions, by Katharin Peter, Emily Forrest Cataldi, and C. Dennis Carrell, NCES 2005-157 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 2005), 12. 3. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, State of the Climate Global Analysis September 2011, (2011), http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/. Issuing Agency. Subsidiary Division/Office. Title of Document. By Individual Author/Editor. Publication Number. Place of publication: Publisher if different from the issuing body, Date. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. Database of Recent Tsunami Deposit. By Robert Peters and Bruce E. Jaffe. Open-file report 2010-1172. Reston, Virginia, 2010. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. The Road Less Traveled? Students Who Enroll in Multiple Institutions. By Katharin Peter, Emily Forrest Cataldi, and C. Dennis Carrell. NCES 2005-157. Washington, D.C.: U.S. United States Government Printing Office, 2005. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center. State of the Climate Global Analysis September 2011. August 2011. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/. WEB PAGES, ONLINE MULTIMEDIA, AND SOCIAL MEDIA Access date are not generally required for web sources unless there is no date information on the web document. 22. Web page (not online periodical articles or books) #. First name Last name or Organization, Title of Web Page, Publishing organization or Name of Web Site, Publication date (if available), accessed Date (if required), URL. 1. Ed Folsom and Kenneth Price, eds. Walt Whitman Archive, University of Nebraska, 2009, http://www.whitmanarchive.org/. 1. Utica Shale The Natural Gas Giant Below the Marcellus?, Geology.com, accessed November 7, 2011, http://geology.com/articles/utica-shale/. Last name, First name or Organization. Title of Web Page. Publishing organization or Name of Web Site. Publication date (if available). Accessed Date (if required). URL. 8

Folsom, Ed and Kenneth Price, eds. Walt Whitman Archive. University of Nebraska. 2009. http://www.whitmanarchive.org/. Utica Shale The Natural Gas Giant Below the Marcellus? Geology.com. Accessed November 7, 2011. http://geology.com/articles/utica-shale/. 23. Online multimedia from a database 1. First name Last name of Performer, Writer or Creator (if verified), Title of Text, Date, Medium, Running Time, accessed Date (if required), Database Name. 1. Films Media Group, The Trial of Saddam Hussein, 2008, Flash, 60:00, accessed November, 08, 2011, 60:00, Films On Demand. Last name, First name of Performer, Writer or Creator. Title of Text. Medium, Running Time. Publication Date. Database Name. Films Media Group. The Trial of Saddam Hussein. 2008. Flash, 60:00. Accessed November, 08, Films on Demand. 24. Online multimedia not from a database Access date are not generally required for web sources unless there is no date information on the web document. #. First name Last name of Performer, Writer or Creator (if verified), Title of Text, Medium, Running Time, Publication/Posted Date, accessed Date (if required), URL. 1. Joan Takayma-Ogawa and Jeanne Willette, What is Information Literacy, YouTube video, 10:00, December 17, 2007, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeopjx5jjv8. Last name, First name of Performer, Writer or Creator. Title of Text. Medium, Running Time. Publication/Posted Date. Accessed Date. URL. Takayma-Ogawa, Joan and Jeanne Willette. What is Information Literacy. YouTube video, 10:00. Accessed December 17, 2007.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeopJX5jJV8. 25. Podcast #. Performer First name Last name, Writer or Creator. Title of Media, Format, Title of Source, Medium, Running Time, Date, URL. 1. Ben Curtis and Marina Diez, Heading to the Costa de la Luz - Notes from Spain Podcast 71, podcast audio, Notes from Spain: Travel-Life-Culture, MP3, 27:8, accessed March 30, 2009, http://www.notesfromspain.com/2008/05/22/heading-to-the- costa-de-la-luz-notes-from-spain-podcast-71/. Performer Last name, First name, Writer or Creator. Title of Media, Format, Title of Source, Medium, Running Time, Date, URL. 9

Curtis, Ben and Marina Diez. Heading to the Costa de la Luz - Notes from Spain Podcast 71. Podcast audio. Notes from Spain: Travel-Life-Culture. MP3, 27:8. Accessed March 30, 2009. http://www.notesfromspain.com/2008/05/22/heading-to-the- costa-de-la-luz-notes-from-spain-podcast-71/. 26. Blog Blogs are usually cited as notes. However, if you frequently cite it in your paper, you may want to include it in your bibliography as well. #. Title of Entry, Name of Blog, comment posted Date, accessed Date, URL. 1. Maud Newton, C.S. Lewis and the Angel and Devil on Your Shoulder, Maud Newton (blog), July 7, 2009 (8:00am), accessed July 22, 2009, http://maudnewton.com/blog/index.php. Name of Blog. Date (if applicable). URL. Maud Newton. http://maudnewton.com/blog/index.php. 27. Online social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.) Although the 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style does not specifically address social media, here is a reasonable example of how one might cite comments from Facebook or Twitter. As with blogs, email, and letters, social media should be cited as a note and need not be included in the bibliography. Incorporate the relevant facts into a sentence: In a Facebook post on November 3, 2011, Betsy Smith commented It seems that the media likes to focus on the kooks and the theatrics and speakers like Michael Moore concerning the Occupy movement, making it seem like a disorganized collection of goofy kids and miscreants. 1 #. Title of Entry (often only the name of the posting individual), Name of Social Media, posted Date, Time, accessed Date (if required,) URL. 1. Betsy Smith, Facebook post, November 3, 2011, 3:30 p.m., http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=24007300. For further examples, please refer to the following: Print Guide: Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (REF Z253.U69 2010) Helpful Online Resources: The Chicago Manual of Style Online. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html Owl Purdue Online Writing Lab. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl.resource/717/01 10