Weekly Homework SUBJECT: ENGLISH STAGE: PREP 2 A LEVEL Tense Present simple Past simple Present cont. Passive am/is/are+ p.p was/were + p.p am/is/are + being + p.p Examples -He writes the reports every day. -The reports are written every day. -He wrote the reports. -The reports were written. -He is writing the reports now. -The reports are being written now. Past cont. Present perfect Past perfect Future with will Future perfect Infinitive Modal verbs was/were + being + p.p have/has + been +p.p had been + p.p will be + p.p will have been + p.p have to/has to + be + p.p modal verb + be + p.p -He was writing the reports. -The reports were being written. -He has just written the reports. -The reports have just been written. By yesterday, he had written the reports. -By yesterday, the reports had been written. -He will write the reports tomorrow. -The reports will be written tomorrow. -He will have written the reports by 10 o'clock. -The reports will have been written by 10 o'clock. -He has to write the reports. -The reports have to be written. -He must write the reports. -The reports must be written. 1
Notes: *We use the passive: *When the subject who does the action is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context. -Her bag was stolen. ( We don't know who stole it) -The bike is being repaired. ( It's unimportant who is repairing it.) -The robbers were arrested. ( It's obvious that the police arrested them.) *When the action itself is more important than the subject who does it as in news headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices, adverts, instructions, processes, etc. -The conference was held on April 12 th. *When we want to avoid taking responsibility for an action or when we refer to an unpleasant event and we do not want to say who or what is to blame. -Four people were killed in the car crash. *Only transitive verbs can be changed into the passive. Active: Jack lives on the second floor. ( intransitive verb). NO passive form: The second floor is lived on by Jack. (x) **Note: Some transitive verbs ( have, exist, seem, fit, suit, resemble, lack, etc ) cannot be changed into the passive. -Mike has a red bicycle. NOT: A red bicycle is had by Mike. ( x ) *By + agent is used to say who or what carries out an action. -with + instrument/materials/ingredient is used to say what the agent used. The sauce was made by Ann. It was made with tomatoes and garlic. *The agent can be omitted when the subject is: They, He, Someone/Somebody, People, one, etc -Somebody has broken the window. -The window has been broken. *The agent is not omitted when it is a specific or important person or when it is essential to the meaning of the sentence. -This novel was written by Oscar Wilde. *With verbs which can take two objects, such as bring, tell, send, show, teach, buy, sell, read, offer, give, lend, etc. we can form two different passive sentences. -Bill gave the letter to Sam. (active) Sam was given the letter by Bill. ( passive, more common) The letter was given to Sam by Bill. ( passive, less common) 2
*The verbs hear, help, see and make are followed by the bare infinitive in the active, but by the to-infinitive in the passive. -She made me clean my room. I was made to clean my room. *But: If verbs( hear, see, watch) are followed by v-ing, we change as follows: -They saw him running down the stairs. He was seen running down the stairs. *Let ** (1) becomes be allowed to in the passive if the subject is different from the object. -The teacher let the children play in the playground. -The children were allowed to play in the playground. **(2) stays as it is (let) if the subject is the same as the object, but here we must use a reflexive pronoun then be + pp -He doesn't let others laugh at him. He doesn't let himself be laughed at. *We can use (get) instead of (verb to be) when changing into passive with the following verbs: (catch/ arrest/ damage/ destroy / kill/ marry/ burn/ beat ) -The police caught/arrested the bank robbers. The bank robbers got caught/ got arrested. *With verbs followed by v-ing we use (being + p.p) -I hate people telling me lies. I hate being told lies. *Verbs (think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, fear, predict, agree, hope, allege, etc. Active: -People think that money brings happiness. Passive: (A) It is thought (that) money brings happiness. (B) Money is thought to bring happiness. Active: People believe that he lied in court. Passive: (A) It is believed (that) he lied in court. (B) He is believed to have lied in court. *Verbs ( have to, has to, had to, will have to, needn't, seem to, appear to, used to, (be) going to, (be) about to, (be) supposed to when changing into passive we use be + p.p -We used to visit Alexandria. -Alexandria used to be visited. -We are supposed to build more houses. -More houses are supposed to be built. 3
*If the active sentence is in negative, we should negate the passive. -Omar didn't watch the match. -The match wasn't watched by Omar. *If the active sentences begins with (Nobody/ No one ) we change (ever) into ( never). -Nobody has ever broken the bottles. -The bottles have never been broken. -Nobody has broken the bottles. -The bottles haven't been broken. *With ( not any(thing) we begin with ( Nothing + affirmative verb) -They didn't do anything to help us. -Nothing was done to help us. *The adverb should be put before the p.p. in the passive form -Ola answered the questions correctly. -The questions were correctly answered. Passive questions: *To ask questions in the passive we follow the same rules as for statement, keeping in mind that the verb is in the interrogative form. -Have they opened the new gym yet? -Has the new gym been opened (by them) yet? *When we want to find out who or what performed an action, the passive question form is: Who/What by? Who directed the play? -Who was the play directed by? Causative form Subject + have in the correct tense + object + past participle -I have my hair cut once a month. -We're having our living room painted at the moment. *Causative form is similar to passive voice. We often use it: -When someone does something for someone else. e.g. I've had all the car tyres replaced. Note: For this use, we can sometimes use get instead of have. e.g. She had / got her portrait painted in Paris. -When someone has an unpleasant, unwanted experience. e.g. They've had their house broken into again. Practice: Choose the correct answer 1-The pyramids ( built- was built- had built- were built) over 4,500 years ago. 2-A long time ( spent- has spent- has been spent- were spent ) thinking about a solution to the problem. 3-Plants ( use- will be using have used- are used ) at the basis of most today's medicines. 4-Her car ( is destroyed- was destroyed- destroyed- has been destroyed) in last week's crash. 4
5-The classrooms ( is painted- have painted- are painted- has been painted) during the school holidays. 6-The Olympic Games ( are held- are holding- hold- have held ) every four years. 7-In Japan, buildings ( have constructed- are constructed- are constructing- had constructed ) to withstand earthquakes. 8-All the lights ( turned- were turned were turning- had turned ) off before my going to bed. 9-All the questions on the paper ( will answer- have to answer- must answer- must be answered). 10-When he returned home, he found that all his money ( is- had- had been- has been ) stolen. 11-Our team is expected ( to win- to have won- will win- that it will win ) the next match. 12-It ( is believed- believes- believe- believed ) that there is no water on the moon. 13-I'm going to a party tonight. I ( invite- was invited- will be invited- have invited) by my friend. 14-Not much ( has known- are being known- is going to know- is known) about this complicated subject. 15-The secret must not ( reveal- be reveled- have been revealed- being revealed ) to anyone. 16-The arrangements for the party ( will discuss- will be discussed- will be discussing- may discuss ). 17-Don't sit on that seat. It has just ( painted- been painted- be painted- been painting). 18-By whom ( were being- were- had- did ) the letters posted? 19-They expect that we ( were telling- told- will be told- have been told ) the truth. 20-She let herself (laughed at- laugh at-laughs at- be laughed at). 21-You should send the car to the mechanic to ( have it repaired- have repaired it- repair itbe repairing it ). 22-It ( has proved- had proved- has been proved- is proving ) that the earth is not exactly round. 23-We can't possibly allow the monuments ( to sell- to be sold- to be selling- to being sold ) abroad. 24-He ( fined- was fined- will fine- fines ) because he exceeded the speed limit. 25-This work ( has done- has been doing- has to be done- is doing ) as soon as possible. 26-Your shoes ( were mending- were mended- are mending- are being mended ) at the moment. 27-The bill ( had been paid- was paying- had paid- has been paid ) before they left the restaurant. 28-The bomb exploded while it ( carried- was carrying- was being carried- had been carried ) to a safe place. 29-After two children ( killed- had been killed- had killed- were killing) in that spot, traffic lights were set up there. 5
Find the mistake: 1-The report completed an hour ago. 2-The neighbours are going to question by the police. 3-The outside walls have painted already. 4-A lot of flowers will be planting in the garden. 5-You should say where you are and wait to find. 6-I am taught to swim when I was five. 7-He would love to take to a ball by my best friend. 8-All the invitations are being send now. 9-That picture was giving to me for my birthday. 10-A wedding dress expected to be bought for her. 11-Glassware products were produced in this city since the time of the Romans. 12-The woman was heard scream. 12-The man was seen hit the police officer. 13-The post has been arrived at last. 14-Who was this portrait painted? 15-I have learnt English for twenty years. 16-How do names for their children choose? 17-I will give more pocket money next week. 18-A lot of projects has carried out recently. 19-Honda cars make by people in Korea. 20-Did all the stories read? 21-No one has been told me the truth. 22-Did you told the news? 23-Let my mistake are forgotten. 24-Sooner or later the thief will arrested. 25-Maha ran over by car while she was crossing the street. Rewrite the following sentences: 1-I was interviewed by the manager yesterday. ( The manager ) 2-My mother has combed my hair. ( My hair )/ ( I ) 3-King Lear was written by Shakespeare. ( wrote ) 4-Poor people should be helped by rich people. ( help ) 5-We send newspapers to Alexandria by train. ( The newspapers ) 6
6-Fortunately, they didn't damage the machinery. ( wasn't ) 7-I'm writing my English lessons at the moment. ( being ) 8-Students must speak English in class. ( spoken ) 9-Examinations confuse me. ( I..) 10-Someone beat him up. ( He ) 11-Vast areas of the desert have been reclaimed. ( The government) 12-Will you have sent the emails then? ( been) 13-Will the presents have been bought for the party by tomorrow evening? ( Will..) 14-Mr Sabir made me do the homework again. ( I ) 15-She thinks we'll win the cup. ( thought ) 16-Nahla's camera was lost while she was eating breakfast. ( being ) 17-We'll build more schools next year. ( be ) 18-I am not sent the e-mail by my friend. ( My friend ) 19-Women are thought to live longer than men. ( It.) 20-This remote place has never been visited by anyone. (No one ) 21-I don't need your help. ( is ) 22-You never remember your pencil case. (are always) 23-I don't really want to be a doctor. ( Being..) 24-I don't normally get up early and I find it difficult. (used) 25-Alison has a bad habit of leaving the bathroom light on. (is always) 7
Taming of the Shrew: 1- What was Kathreen known as? 2- What did Kathreen do to her music teacher? 3- No man was as spirited as Petruchio to tame Kathreen? 4- What dowry did Baptista say he would give? 5- What did Petruchio say he would buy in Venice for the wedding day? 6- What did Petruchio do when the priest bent down to pick up the book? 7- What did Petruchio do with the wine that was at the bottom of his glass? 8- Describe the horse that Petruchio put his wife onto? 9- Do you think that Kathreen deserved such treatment from Petruchio? Justify your answer? 10-Kathreen was known at first as the Kathreen the Shrew but at the end she was no longer a shrew. Discuss 8