Worksheet 20: Relative Clauses (English)
1. Rome is a great city in which many holy men and women live. Independent Clause: Rome is a great city Dependent Clause: in which many holy men and women live Antecedent (in what?): (in) Rome
1. Complex Sentence: Rome is a great city [in which many holy men and women live.] 1. Main Sentence: Rome is a great city. 1. Clause Sentence: [Many holy men and women live in Rome.]
2. Achilles performed many brave deeds, which were written down by Homer. Independent Clause: Achilles performed many brave deeds Dependent Clause: which were written down by Homer Antecedent (what?): many brave deeds
2. Complex Sentence: Achilles, a brave hero, performed many brave deeds, [which were written down by Homer.] 2. Main Sentence: Achilles, a brave hero, performed many brave deeds. 2. Clause Sentence: [The deeds were written down by Homer.]
3. After the Trojan war, about which many poems have been written, Odysseus arrived at an island. Independent Clause: After the Trojan War, Odysseus arrived at an island Dependent Clause: about which many poems have been written Antecedent (about what?): the Trojan War
3. Complex Sentence: After the Trojan War, [about which many poems have been written,] Odysseus arrived at an island. 3. Main Sentence: After the Trojan War, Odysseus arrived at an island. 3. Clause Sentence: [Many poems have been written about the war.]
4. The Greeks, to whom much praise is given, left behind a large wooden horse by the gates of Troy. Independent Clause: The Greeks left behind a large wooden horse by the gates of Troy Dependent Clause: to whom much praise is given Antecedent (to whom?): the Greeks
4. Complex Sentence: The Greeks, [to whom much praise is given,] left behind a large wooden horse by the gates of Troy. 4. Main Sentence: The Greeks left behind a large wooden horse by the gates of Troy. 4. Clause Sentence: [Much praise is given to the Greeks.]
5. My brothers and sisters say many words, none of which I listen to. Independent Clause: My brothers and sisters say many words Dependent Clause: none of which I listen to Antecedent (none of what?): (many) words
5. Complex Sentence: My brothers and sisters say many words, [none of which I listen to.] 5. Main Sentence: My brothers and sisters say many words. 5. Clause Sentence: [I listen to none of their words.]
Main Sentence: The students love the school. - - > Clause Sentence: [The school is in Boston.] - - > Discipulī scholam amant. Nom. Fem. Sg. Schola in Bostoniā est. Complex Sentence (English): Nom. Fem. Sg. The students love the school, [which is in Boston.] Complex Sentence (Latin): Nom. Fem. Sg. Discipulī scholam, [quae in Bostoniā est,] amant. Why did we use the form quae? - It is Nom. Fem. Sg.
The Relative Pronoun Pronoun: takes the place of a noun Relative: refers back to another noun in the sentence [Main Clause] [Relative Clause] The students love the school, [which is in Boston.] Discipulī amant scholam, [quae est in Bostoniā.] Relative Clause: [which is in Boston] modifies school The noun being modified (referred back to) is called the antecedent.
The Relative Pronoun English: who/whom for people which for places, things, and ideas (Prepositions may be added before the pronoun) Latin: quī, quae, quod (quī for masculine nouns) (quae for feminine nouns) (quod for neuter nouns) The relative pronoun declines in Latin, so how do you determine which form to use? Gender / Number: from the antecedent Case: What is the noun doing in the clause?