Group 4 Professor Krista Jackman English 401.01 March 25, 2018 Explainer Project The topic for our lesson plan regards how to successfully integrate research into writing using the best practice suggestions. There are several sub-categories we focused on such as: before research, the steps of the research process, types of research, paraphrasing, summarizing, and integrating quotations. Before starting to research, it is needed to brainstorm topics and educate yourself on the topic before taking a stance. The objective of this lesson plan is to help students stay organized throughout the research process in order to effectively integrate research into writing. There are three ways of integrating research into writing: integrating quotations, paraphrasing, or summarizing. Integrating quotations is used when there is a specific part of the text that should not be changed at all (Purdue OWL). The two ways of integrating quotes is by using a signal phrase or giving context regarding the text before the quote. A signal phrase typically follows as stating the author first, and then using a connecting word to integrate the quote (W.W Norton & Company). It is best to use the signal phrase when using secondary sources. A benefit of the signal phrase is that there is no need to use a parenthetical citation, since the author is already being named before the quote. A context phrase does not mention the author, but it gives background about the actual citation (W.W Norton & Company). When using the context phrase, it is important to include the parenthetical citation afterwards since the author 1
was not named before the quote. The most important part of integrating quotes into writing is to include background. If a quote is just dropped into the middle of an essay, the reader will be confused. Whether the signal phrase or context phrase is needed will change depending upon the type of source being used or the writer s style of writing. When direct quotes are not necessary for the situation, paraphrasing and summarizing are helpful techniques. Paraphrasing is putting passage material in your own words. You must reference the original material and summaries are shorter than the original content (Purdue OWL). Paraphrasing is useful when the quote is not needed, but many specific details are still needed. Lastly, Summarizing is only putting in the main points into your own words. You must reference original material and will be shorter than the original (Purdue OWL). Summarizing is the shortest length because it only includes the main points. Overall, different methods of research integration are helpful in different scenarios. The class activity s purpose is to identify research integration techniques. The way it worked was that there was a four-question quiz incorporated into the PowerPoint presentation slides. The first question was a multiple-choice question that included a quote and the quote being summarized. The class has to identify if the quote was a direct quotation, summarizing, or paraphrasing. The next question was another multiple choice where the class has to identify if the quote was an introductory or signal phrase, context phrase, summarizing or paraphrasing. The answer was that the quote included an introductory or signal phrase. The next question is a true or false question stating, If a student is paraphrasing or summarizing, they do not need to cite their sources by using parenthetical citations and the answer is false. The last question is 2
another true or false that stated, is tt okay to use direct quotes from Wikipedia throughout your writing and the answer is false. The visual to the presentation was a video from YouTube called the 6 steps in the research process and it lists the steps as well as provides a description of each. The six steps to the video are: 1. identify a research problem 2. Review the literature 3. Specify a purpose for the research 4. Collect data 5. Analyze and interpret the data 6. Report and evaluate research. One helpful resource that was used for the presentation and content was Purdue Owl. One source from Purdue Owl was all about paraphrasing. It provided definitions, why paraphrasing is a valuable skill, and 6 steps to effective paraphrasing. It also included effective examples and even a plagiarized version to show how it can be done wrong. The other Purdue Owl source including the same thing but using summarizing. One effective source that was a database was found using the UNH library source. It provided a helpful video called Diving into Research. The video gave helpful tips to do before during and after the research process. One example was the tip to use Wikipedia to get a general understanding of the topic and to utilize the internet to fully understand the topic. Before beginning to do research it is important to think through what type of information is needed. Once that has been considered it is important when searching to make sure that the sources used are reliable. Types of research that are important to include are facts and statistics which add credibility to the topic.( Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. ) Also evidence that supports an argument or idea along with examples and illustrations can add support to the topic. Along with the above mentioned types of research finding data on opposing viewpoints is also relevant research. Finding and including a variety of research from various 3
sources can make for a stronger more well developed and convincing piece of work.( Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. ) In today s technological society where the world is at your fingertips, it can be overwhelming to find and analyze what is relevant with a source. Brainstorming and thinking about the topic can narrow down and focus what is needed for an effective piece. Creating a list of research questions and doing some preliminary research is also a good idea. If after doing this, the information is still either not available or not enough, then it may be time to revise the topic or explore a new topic. Thinking through the topic and making sure you have one that is relevant and viable is essential to success.( Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. ) Being able to cite evidence through the use of a quote is an important part of any research process. Integrating quotes smoothly into a piece makes for a smoother transition between ideas and evidence. One way that this can be done is by using an introductory or signal phrase( Writing About Literature. ). This happens when the author is introduced before saying the quote. This type of citation is helpful when wanting to highlight information before the quotation. It can also be done by integrating the quotation smoothly into your work with no signal phrase ( Writing About Literature. ). Either way research papers, need to have credible information including quotes included in the piece of work. There is a time and place when using a quote is both necessary and meaningful in order for the information to add value to the piece. Paraphrasing someone else s ideas is often enough. When the original wording is not essential to understanding the concept ( Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. ) then writing the ideas in your own words will do. It also allows the writer to remove any unwanted irrelevant information from a passage. It can also add 4
clarity to the reader and writing to rewrite ideas in a way that makes sense to the writer which will then make for a more engaging piece for the reader(mack). The Pixabay Photos: 5
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Works Cited Hassan, Mohamed. Dictionary, Reference Book. Pixabay, https://pixabay.com/en/dictionary-reference-book-learning-3233645/. Hassan, Mohamed. Office, Workplace, Business. Pixabay, https://pixabay.com/en/office-work-place-business-3193372/. Hassan, Mohamed. Idea, Thinking, Writing, Creative, Solution, Inspiration. Pixabay, https://pixabay.com/en/idea-thinking-writing-creative-3222605/. Bershadker, Matt. Animal Shelter Outcomes Are Improving. The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 23 Mar. 2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/are-animalshelter-outcomes-improving_us_58cfff2ae4b0537abd957323. Diving into Research. EBSCO, 2011, unh.kanopy.com/video/episode-8-diving-research. Driscoll, Dana, and Allen Brizee. Welcome to the Purdue OWL. Purdue OWL, The OWL at Purdue, owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/563/. Guidelines for Incorporating Quotes. Ashford Writing, Ashford University, awc.ashford.edu/cd -integrating-quotes.html. Hagaman, Jessica. Paraphrasing Strategy. EBSCO, Mar. 2017/cite/form/database/pubtab/pub database. Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. Tutoring Services, Germanna Community College,www.germanna.edu/wp-content/uploads/tutoring/handouts/incorporating-source. 7
Mack, E. Integrating Research into Your Writing. WRITING CENTER UNDERGROUND, WordPress, 6 Jan. 2015, writingcenterunderground.wordpress.com/2015/01/07/ integrating-research-into-your-writing/. Writing About Literature. Section: Writing About Literature The Norton Introduction to Literature, 11e: W. W. Norton StudySpace, Norton and Company, 2011, www.wwnorton.com/college/english/litweb11/section/literature/effective_writing_researc h07.aspx. 8