PRACTICAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR SENSOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING INTRODUCTION - BRIDGE CIRCUITS - AMPLIFIERS FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING - STRAIN, FORCE, PRESSURE, AND FLOW MEASUREMENTS - HIGH IMPEDANCE SENSORS - POSITION AND MOTION SENSORS - TEMPERATURE SENSORS - ADCs FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING - SMART SENSORS - HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES - INDEX - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I
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PRACTICAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR SENSOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING a
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due the many technical staff members of Analog Devices in Engineering and Marketing who provided invaluable inputs during this project. Particular credit is due the individual authors whose names appear at the beginning of their material. Special thanks go to Wes Freeman, Walter G. Jung, Bill Chestnut, and Ed Grokulsky for thoroughly reviewing the material for content and accuracy. Judith Douville compiled the index, and printing was done by R. R. Donnelley and Sons, Inc. Copyright 1999 by Analog Devices, Inc. Printed in the United States of America Walt Kester 1999 All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission of the copyright owner. Information furnished by Analog Devices, Inc., is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices, Inc., for its use. Analog Devices, Inc., makes no representation that the interconnections of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained herein imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. ISBN-0-916550-20-6
PRACTICAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR SENSOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 BRIDGE CIRCUITS Bridge Configurations Amplifying and Linearizing Bridge Outputs Driving Bridges SECTION 3 AMPLIFIERS FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING Precision Op Amp Characteristics Amplifier DC Error Budget Analysis Single Supply Op Amps Instrumentation Amplifiers Chopper Stabilized Amplifiers Isolation Amplifiers
SECTION 4 STRAIN, FORCE, PRESSURE, AND FLOW MEASUREMENTS Strain Gages Bridge Signal Conditioning Circuits SECTION 5 HIGH IMPEDANCE SENSORS Photodiode Preamplifier Design Compensation of High Speed Photodiode I/V Converter High Impedance Charge Output Sensors CCD/CIS Image Processing SECTION 6 POSITION AND MOTION SENSORS Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) Hall Effect Magnetic Sensors Optical Encoders Resolvers and Synchros Inductosyns Vector AC Induction Motor Control Accelerometers
SECTION 7 TEMPERATURE SENSORS Thermocouple Principles and Cold-Junction Compensation Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) Thermistors Semiconductor Temperature Sensors Microprocessor Temperature Monitoring SECTION 8 ADCs FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING Successive Approximation ADCs SAR ADCs With Multiplexed Inputs Complete Data Acquisition Systems on a Chip Sigma-Delta Measurement ADCs High Resolution, Low-Frequency Sigma-Delta Measurement ADCs Applications of Sigma-Delta ADCs in Power Meters
SECTION 9 SMART SENSORS 4-20mA Control Loops Interfacing Sensors to Networks MicroConverter SECTION 10 HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES Resistor and Thermocouple Errors in High Accuracy Systems Grounding in Mixed Signal Systems Power Supply Noise Reduction and Filtering Preventing RFI Rectification Dealing With High Speed Logic A Review of Shielding Concepts Isolation Techniques Overvoltage Protection Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) INDEX
PRACTICAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR SENSOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING INTRODUCTION - BRIDGE CIRCUITS - AMPLIFIERS FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING - STRAIN, FORCE, PRESSURE, AND FLOW MEASUREMENTS - HIGH IMPEDANCE SENSORS - POSITION AND MOTION SENSORS - TEMPERATURE SENSORS - ADCs FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING - SMART SENSORS - HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES - INDEX - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I