Teaching Second-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using THE ENERGY WE SEE: A LOOK AT LIGHT Features that help students understand how an informational text is organized: FEATURE Title Contents Chapter name, heading, or subheading Page number Glossary Further Reading and Websites Index PURPOSE Confirms title, author s name, and publisher Identifies the topics to be presented and their order Helps students identify main topics on a quick pass through the text Helps students with sequence of ideas and aids in using the index Defines new and important words Helps students expand their knowledge of the topic by listing other informational texts in print or on the Internet Lists the main ideas in the text, with numbers to help students find them Visual aids that help students understand informational texts: VISUAL AID Photo, drawing, or illustration Diagram PURPOSE Shows how something in the text looked or might have looked Gives a more detailed view of a complex topic Features that point out important or additional information: FEATURE Bold print Caption Label PURPOSE Tells students a word is new and important; sometimes a glossary term Points out what s in a photo, a drawing, or an illustration and relates it to the informational text; often gives more information Identifies important points of interest in a diagram or photograph that students might otherwise miss All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 1
TITLE PAGE: This is the first of the book. It tells you what the name, or title, of the book is. It also tells you who wrote the book. This person is called the author. TITLE: This is the title of the book. It tells you what the book is about. Jennifer Boothroyd AUTHOR s Lerner Publications Company Minneapolis All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image: istockphoto.com/milosluz. 2
Contents CONTENTS PAGE: This is a list at the beginning of the book. It tells you in what order you will read about topics. Page numbers tell where each topic starts. What Is Light? How Light Travels Light Stops Here 4 10 14 ust Passing Through 18 Activity 28 Colors Further Reading 31 23 Glossary 30 Index 32 All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 3
HEADINGS: These words separate your book into parts. Headings are usually in bigger type and are at the top of a. A heading tells you what s to come in that part of the book. What Is Light? Light is a form of energy. It is an important part of life on this planet. PHOTOS: The photos or pictures in a book show what the words, or text, describe. Looking at photos can help you understand the meaning of the text. 4 Light helps plants grow. CAPTION: These words tell you about the picture on the. A caption is usually close to the picture it goes with. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image: istockphoto.com/dny59. 4
TEXT OR MAIN TEXT: These are the words on a that describe the main ideas of the book. Main text is usually smaller than chapter titles or headings. Most of the light on Earth comes from the sun. The sun is a natural source of light. 5 PAGE NUMBERS: Page numbers are on the lower part of most s in a book. They tell you how far along you are in the book. They also help you find information from the index. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image: Mike Grandmaison/CORBIS. 5
All objects reflect light. We are able to see things because the light bounces off the object and back to our eyes. DIAGRAM: A diagram is a type of drawing. LABELS: These words are part of a diagram or a photo. They point out important parts of the diagram or photo. 12 Light bounces off this book. All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image: Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service. 6
GLOSSARY: This is a list of important new words that you have learned by reading the book. Each glossary word is in bold letters. After the bold word is the meaning, or definition, of the word. You can find the glossary near the end of the book. BOLD PRINT: Words in bold print have thick, black letters. You might not know what these words mean. They are usually in a glossary, or list with definitions, at the end of the book. Glossary artificial: not natural, or made by people electricity: a form of energy used to run motors and produce light energy: a form of power that makes machines work and produces heat natural: found in nature and not made by people opaque: not letting light through reflect: to bounce back refract: to bend shadow: a dark area made by an object blocking light waves translucent: allowing some light to pass through transparent: allowing all light to pass through wave: a vibration of energy that travels through air or water DEFINITION 30 All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image: Karlene Schwartz. 7
FURTHER READING: This is a list of books and websites on the same subject as the book you just read. You can learn more by looking at books and websites from the list. The list is at the end of your book. Further Reading Dragonfly TV: Light and Color http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/ show/lightandcolor.html Dussling, Jennifer. The Rainbow Mystery. Minneapolis: Kane Press, 2002. The NASA Sci-Files: Light and Color http://scifiles.larc.nasa.gov/ text/kids/problem_board/ problems/light/sim1.html Physics4Kids: Light and Optics http://www.physics4kids.com/ files/light_intro.html Pipe, Jim. Light: What Is a Shadow? North Mankato, MN: Stargazer Books, 2006. Walker, Sally M. Light. Lerner Publications Company, 2006. 31 All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image: Paul Springett A/Alamy. 8
INDEX: This list at the end of a book follows the order of the alphabet. The index helps you find main ideas. The words in the index are followed by numbers. These numbers tell you where to go in the book to find the main ideas. Index artificial light, 7, 9 color, 23 26, 29 electricity, 9 eyes, 12, 21, 26 fire, 6 fireflies, 6 lightbulbs, 9 lightning, 6 light waves, 10, 14, 26 opaque materials, 14 15 reflection, 11 13 refraction, 21 22 shadow, 16 17 sun, 5, 10 translucent materials, 20 transparent materials, 18 19 Photo Acknowledgments The images in this book are used with the permission of: istockphoto.com/milosluz, p. 1; D. Hurst/Alamy, p. 2; istockphoto.com/dny59, p. 4; Mike Grandmaison/ CORBIS, p. 5; Randy Faris/CORBIS, p. 6; istockphoto.com/fransico Romero, p. 7; Stomer/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images, p. 8; Chris Stein/Digital Vision/ Getty Images, p. 9; NASA/NASA/ARC, p. 10; RyuheShindo/Corbis Super RF/Alamy, p. 11; Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service, p. 12; AZPworldwide/Shutterstock Images, p. 13; Anyka/Shutterstock Images, p. 14; kareem black/the Image Bank/ Getty Images, p. 15; Todd Strand/Independent Picture Service, p. 16; Hummer/ Digital Vision/Getty Images, p. 17; Ben Molyneux People/Alamy, p. 18; Karlene Schwartz, pp. 19, 30; istockphoto.com/authur Fatykhov, p. 20; Kevin Schafer/ Peter Arnold, Inc./Alamy, p. 21; istockphoto.com/louis Aguinaldo, p. 22; Axel Fassio/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images, p. 23; Ron Boardman/Life Science Image/ Minden Pictures, p. 24; vikky/shutterstock Images, p. 25; Image Source/Getty Images, p. 26; Jim Cummins/Taxi/Getty Images, p. 27; Alexstar/Dreamstime.com, p. 28 (CD); Linqong/Dreamstime.com, p. 28 (Flashlight); Paul Springett A/Alamy, p. 31. Front cover: Randy Faris/Corbis Premium RF/Alamy. 32 All rights reserved. www.lernerbooks.com. From The Energy We See: A Look at Light. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 9