Electric Digital Gamelan Based On Arduino Uno Microcontroller

- 18 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 Electric Digital Gamelan Based On Arduino Uno Microcontroller ISSN : 2549-5399 (online) ISSN : 2549-5380 (print) Arie Putra Fauzy 1*), Slamet Winardi 2) *, Immah Inayati 3) 1,2) Computer System majors, 3) Information System Majors, University of Narotama Email: keyboardistortion@gmail.com, slamet.winardi@narotama.ac.id, immah.inayati@narotama.ac.id Received February 2017; accepted April 2017; published online may 2017 Abstract. Gamelan is an Indonesia traditional musical instrument from Java Island. It is a cultural heritage that should be preserved. Gamelan which refers to the musical instrument is a unified instrument which is performed and sounded simultaneously by many people. Most of the gamelan instrument has a large size. For that reason, to be able to perform a gamelan performance, it requires a large stage. This requirement makes the performance of traditional gamelan impractical to be held. By transforming gamelan into digital electric form, it can transform gamelan into small size instrument and make the digital electric gamelan is easily saved. Because of its small size, it does not require a large stage for performing. Digital Electric Gamelan is made by using Arduino micro controller by utilizing a piezo electric sensor to scan the ones that exist on the gamelan. Samples of the research are using Javanese gamelan with different sounds from the different tool of gamelan, such as bonangbarung, demung, gong ageng, kempul, kempyang, kenong, ketuk, peking, saron, and slentem. Keywords: microcontroller, Arduino Uno, Sensor Piezo Electric, Gamelan, Digital Electric Gamelan I. INTRODUCTION In the modern era, Indonesian community especially young people rarely want to learn of playing Indonesian traditional musical instrumentsbecause of the costs to buy the traditional musical instrument is quite expensive. Another reason is that this instrument is difficult to obtain, not many shops sell these kinds of instrument. * Corresponding Author. Email Addres: keyboardistortion@gmail.com These instruments also have a huge large size so it is difficult to carry around and a large place is needed to save these instruments. Even though Indonesian market requirements for this instruments are not too wide, but world market requirements for a set of Gamelan continue to grow over time. Currently, the Gamelan craftsmen are unable to meet those needs. To create a set of Gamelan requires a long time and a high price. For that reason, the author tries to design an all in digital electric gamelan, one tool that can perform several types of gamelan, like Bonang, Gong, Saron, Slentem, Demung, Peking, Kempul, Kenong, and kempyang. This digital electric gamelan is made by using electric piezo sensor and Arduinounomicrocontroller as its main component

- 19 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 which is combined with other software like Loopbe1, Hairless midi series, FPC, and Fruity Loops as its DAW (Digital Audio Workstation).By applying this digital electric gamelan, the public is expected to be able to play traditional instruments with minimum cost, this tool is also expected to be capable to escalating fondness of traditional musical instruments and traditional heritages of Indonesia. The creation of this tool is also a right tool for the community especially the youths which can be able to enhance their creativity and ideas in music.arduino Uno is a microcontroller used in manufacturing the digital electric of gamelan. It is a kind of micro controller which type is most widely used. Because of its easiness to use, and many references discuss to this version, Arduino Uno is advisable to use for the beginner. The final version is Arduino Uno R3 (Revision 3), using ATmega328 as his microcontroller, it has a 14 pin I / O digital and 6 analog input pin. For programming simply uses USB connection type A to type B. The same as used on a USB printer. Piezoelectric comes from the Greek which has a meaning pressure and electricity. The piezoelectric material is a material which if it is given stress (pressure), it would mechanically produce an electric field. When the reverse electric field is applied to the piezoelectric material, it would occur mechanical deformation (dimensional change material). The reversible nature of this program makes the piezoelectric material can have a function as transducers and actuators as well as attractive for development.in a piezoelectric crystal, a positive electric charge and negative electric charge separately, but symmetrically distributed so that the crystals are electrically neutral overall. When it is applied stress (pressure), the charge distribution symmetrical would be disrupted so that the charge becomes asymmetrical again, and the charge which is not symmetrical caused the electric field Conversed, when an electric field is applied to the material of piezoelectric, it will cause mechanical deformation Figure 1. The Arduino Uno which causes the material change the dimensions (crystal structure will turn from cubic to tetragonal or rhombohedral). This event caused when an electric field passing through the material, the molecules which polarized will adjust the electric field generated by the induced dipole molecule or crystal structure of the material. These adjustments resulted in a material change molecular dimensions. Reversible nature of the piezoelectric material can be used for various applications, such as sensors, actuators, transducers and other electronic equipment. On transducers, piezoelectric material converts electrical signals into mechanical vibrations and turns back the mechanical vibration into electrical energy. The piezoelectric material is positioned as an active element transducer. The active element is the core of a transducer which converts electrical energy into sound energy and vice versa. Figure 2. Sensor Piezo Electric

- 20 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 FL Studio (known as Fruity Loops) is an application for the computer used to record, edit, and create audio. FL Studio is developed by a Belgian company called Image-Line. In 2014, the FL Studio including the audio application that many devotees around the world. This application has four editions of Microsoft Windows. That Fruity Edition, Producer Edition, Signature Bundle and Groove (Win8). II. METHODOLOGY Hardware Requirements This section will concern about the hardware requirement that is used to build and implement digital electric gamelan tool. Hardware requirements as follows: 1. Arduino microcontroller uno 2. USB cable type A to type B 3. Laptop or PC Figure 3. FL Studio (Source: Image Line) 4. Piezo Sensor Electrik 5. Resistor 1m 6. 5v zener diode 7. Multiflex IC CD4051 8. Project Board 9. Jumper wire (Cable jumper) Hardware Design: Caption : Figure 4. Block Diagram System 1. Microcontroller Arduino Uno 4. Resistor 1M 2. Sensor Piezo Electric 5. IC Multiflex CD4051 3. Zener diode 5v 6. Cable jamper The hardware design of digital electric gamelan will use multiplexer IC because it uses a lot of analog input, but in the microcontroller, arduinouno supplied only 6 analog pins, and required in this tool is 16 pin analog. Thus the CD4051 Multiplexer IC is used. While for this input using piezo electric pressure sensor, which will generate an analog signal when it is pressurized, to be processed then by software DAW FL Studio

- 21 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 Figure 5. Design Hardware Software Requirements To run an electrical appliance digital gamelan require software as its supporters among others: 1. Arduino Software 1.0.6 2. Virtual midi cable Loopbe1 3. Hairless serial midi 4. Digital Audio Workstation FL Studio 5. FPC VST & Samples Gamelan Arduino software is an open source software, Software used in the Arduino program is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Arduino software is in its application using the C programming language Figure 6 describes the procedures for using the Arduino software which according to the figures put, namely: 1. Check Arduino port that has been put in the plug to a PC / laptop, if it appears in the image, the port Arduino is already connected to the PC / laptop. 2. Write coding that will be used by using the C programming language, or if you already have to save data then enter the save data coding that used the Arduino Figure 6. Arduino Software Software by selecting the choice open in the file menu, or alternatively by means of dragging the save data directly to Arduino Software will automatically load itself. 3. The next step is select Verify pictorial tick, to ascertain whether the coding written or entered is correct and there are no errors. 4. Coding is already in the Verify and veracity of its earlier then select the

- 22 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 menu Upload to continue the process of entering data into the Codes of Arduino Uno microcontroller, if it says it is ascertained coding upload done has been successfully entered into the microcontroller. To transfer MIDI data between computer programs required a MIDI cable, MIDI cables prices are quite expensive, therefore Using LoopBe1 is an alternative to the use of MIDI cables, and basically, LoopBe1 is "invisible cable". Figure 7. Virtual Midi Cable Loopbe1 Hairless Midi Serial is software for connecting serial devices (such as Arduino) to send and receive MIDI signals. In this figure describes the stages using Serial Midi Hairless according to the figures that have been put, namely : 1. Click the check mark in the checkbox serial <-> MIDI Bridge On to activate Software Midi Hairless this series. 2. Click the check mark in the checkbox Debug MIDI messages to find out the midi data to be sent via the serial midi Hairless. Figure 8. Hairless Midi Serial 3. In the options select port serial port Arduino Uno is currently active to be connected to the serial midi Hairless. 4. In the MIDI out option as an option, Loopbe1 choose his options. Fruity Loops Studio is a DAW (Digital Audio Workstation). It is an application for the computer which use to record, to edit, and to create audio. Figure 9 describes the first steps after opening FL Studio, First, open FL Studio and select OPTIONS in the menu bar, then select MIDI settings to configure Figure 9. FL Studio Options or set the input that will go to FL studio, so it can connect to a VST inside the DAW Fl studio.

- 23 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 This figure explains how to set the midi input and output in Fruity Loops Studio to be connected between the signal sent from hardware to software, the first thing to do is click a button to enable Flash in yellow to enable the incoming input. Furthermore, in the input field and its output, select Loopbe, then at the bottom of the display settings midi no option Link note on velocity and choose Velocity, here the point to turn Velocity, so when the tool at loud the signal process into sounds that will issue sounds too loud, when struck softly then wheezes slow as well, in addition to the right is also contained Curve Figure 10. FL Studio Midi Settings button, which is to regulate how sensitive Velocity is produced and we can freely change it. To run VST FPC and Gamelan Samples have to be through the stages of a process that had previously been done, such as Uploading Souce Code Program into Arduino Uno microcontroller, enable Virtual Midi Cable Loopbe1, as well as enable Hairless Midi Serial Bridge and configuration with FL Studio. Testing of Samples Gamelan VST FPC and this is a way to open Software FL Studio, then select in the menu bar "ADD" and look for FPC and click. After the FPC appears, then that will be done in the next is pressing or clicking on one pad located on the FPC. In the FPC, there is 16 pad, to fill Figure 11. FPC this FPC with samples that what the authors want is by clicking one of the pad until it appears in blue, then search image document form and click.

- 24 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 After clicking the image on the VST FPC Document will display the search feature, the authors addressed, and next to where the author store gamelan samples that will be used. After the Figure 12. Entering Samples Gamelan samples meet, then select one of the samples and press open to enter the samples that have been mentioned for the fed to the Pad at VST FPC. To determine whether the FPC VST DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) FL Studio is already running well without any obstacles, such as making sure his hitting way of the piezo electric sensor has been designed and configured. If the piezo electric sensor when is beaten or given the pressure pad in the FPC VST blue lit, it indicates that VST FPC is already up and running properly or has been connected. Figure 13. Selecting Samples Gamelan Another way to ensure VST FPC is already running correctly, namely by looking at the top of FL Studio, rather below the Menu Bar, if the current sensor piezo electric is pressurized or beaten, it will appear chord resulted from the pad in VST FPC that has gamelan sound samples fed earlier, and also will produce sound as desired by the author. Figure 14. Pad at VST FPC which is connected properly

- 25 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 Display Design Tool In the picture shows a draft design of digital Gamelan Electric appliance-based micro controller Arduino Uno. The tool has output a USB cable plugged into a laptop / PC from the laptop's own output will be connected to your speakers to amplify the sound produced by the tool, it s because of the noise generated from direct laptops tend to be less harsh. Figure 15. Digital Design Electric Gamelan To manufacture a digital Gamelan Electric used wood coated plywood with wood texture sticker, and to pad a digital electric struck as gamelan which made of acrylic sheet is cut and fit the design which has been planned. Figure 16. Making the display apparatus Figure 17. Installation of the sensor to the pad acrylic

- 26 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 Pad here is something that is used as a place mat at or point by pressing Sensor Piezo Electric that can accept the pressure to produce an analog signal to be processed further. Here, the authors use the method of attaching the sensor at the bottom of the pad which made of Acrylic Sheet. Pad used should be thin and not too thick that piezo electric sensor is easy to accept his pressure. And of course, the sensitivity of the sensor must be set in Arduino Software, by changing the code MaxPlayTime. Here, the author set his MaxPlayTime code at 50, because this is matched with the characteristics of a pad that had previously been tested by the author several times. If you want to make a pad sensitively when struck, then what should be done is to change the code MaxPlayTime to be lower, and vice versa.if you want to make a pad less sensitive and the MaxPlayTime maximizing the code. The different materials should be used for Pad that affects the code so it will be useful for these tools. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The entire testing tool Electric Digital Gamelan is running quite well without any constraints. Hardware and Software integrated and well connected, according to the author and some of the people closest to the survey agreed that the display tool Electric Digital Gamelan is quite nice Figure 18. Sensor pad stuck in acrylic and fancy. HeavyElectricappliancedigitalGamelan is light enough so it is easy to carry, the size of the equipment is also relatively small compared to the size of the original Gamelan, and this course allows users to bring digital tools Electric Gamelan everywhere they want. Figure 19. Final Display Electric Digital Gamelan IV. CONCLUSION After doing the design and manufacture of electrical realization of digital gamelan-based micro controller Arduino Uno and then testing the tool, both testing each block or as a whole. It can be concluded that: 1) Digital ElectricGamelan can work very well and can produce sounds in accordance with the original gamelan. 2) Piezo electric sensor that is used as a medium of beats can receive a reaction to the pressure exerted so it can produce the audible tone which can be converted into analog signals.

- 27 - A. P. Fauzi et al/ ADRI International Journal Of Information Technology 1 (2017) 18-27 3) In order to generate a lot of buttons that represent musical scales, the digital electric gamelan uses CD40 as IC chip multiplexer with each chip can be used 8 input button so that the chip can be mounted two 16 input buttons. 4) During the study, only one sample of electric digital gamelan hardware is made and it can be developed in large number by cloning the same hardware. 5) Software used to support the hardware that can produce 10 kind Sounds of gamelan, which are bonangbarung, demung, gong ageng, kempul, kempyang, kenong, tap, peking, saron, and slentem. 6) To produce the sound, this hardware is still using the computer to accommodate the sounds of gamelan. It is still less practical, but it could still be developed by putting these sounds into memory so that it becomes a more practical tool of digital electric gamelan. REFERENCES AfrieSetiawan. 2010. 20 AplikasiMikrokontroler ATMega8535 Dan ATMega16. Yogyakarta: PenerbitAndi Dr.Ir.Thomas Sri Widodo, DEA, Dipl.ing. 2002. ElektronikaDasar. Jakarta: SalembaTeknika E. Hinkle-Turner, "Lydia Ayers: Virtual Gamelan," in Computer Music Journal, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 88-89, Sept. 2007. doi: 10.1162/comj.2007.31.3.88 URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.j sp?tp=&arnumber=6791532&isnumber=6791 211 Esther L. Siagian. 2006. Gong. Jakarta: LPSN FarabiFerdiansyah. 2010. MengenalSecaraMudah Dan LengkapKesenianKarawitan (Gamelan Jawa). Jogjakarta: Garailmu Mohammad Syahwill. 2013. PanduanMudahSimulasi Dan PraktikMikrokontrolerArduino. Yogyakarta: PenerbitAndi Richard Blocher, Dipl.Phys. 2004. DasarElektronika. Yogyakarta: PenerbitAndi SuwardiEndraswara. 2008. LarasManisTuntunanPraktisKarawitanJawa. Yogyakarta: Kuntul Press Suparmo. 1985. Hidup Di ZamanElektronika. Jakarta: Rosda Jaya Putra WidodoBuiharto. 2010. Elektronika Digital Dan Mikroprosesor. Yogyakarta: PenerbitAndi Yogi Dasatrio. 2013. Dasar DasarTeknikElektronika. Yogyakarta: Javalitera http://library.gunadarma.ac.id/repository/view/37827 58/perancangan-instrument-electric-drummenggunakan-sensor-piezoelectric-berbasisarduino-uno.html/