Matéria: Inglês Assunto: Voz Passiva Prof. Rafael Dupont
Inglês Voz Passiva Compare the sentences below: They built this house in 1985. This house was built in 1985. They sell cars. Cars are sold by them. John is repairing his old car. His old car is being repaired. This book will change your life. Your life will be changed by this book. When we say who or what performs the action, we use an active structure (built, sell, will change). When we say what happens to people or things what is done to them we often use a passive structure (was built, are sold, will be changed). The passive is formed by the verb to be + past participle. GENERAL RULES To transform an active sentence into a passive one, follow the rules: 1. The object of the active becomes the subject of the passive. object A song subject (active) (passive) 2. The verb be is put into the same tense as the main verb of the active voice. 3. The main verb becomes a past participle. simple past A song was be simple past main verb A song was written past participle 2
Inglês Prof. Rafael Dupont 4. The subject becomes the agent preceded by by. subject A song was written by Bob Dylan. agent Passive Voice Verb tenses Simple Present am/is/are + pp active: Peter writes books. passive: Books are written by Peter. English is spoken in Australia. The houses are cleaned by her. Simple Past was/were + pp active: Peter wrote a book. passive: A book was written by peter. She was woken up by a loud noise this morning. Ten thousand dollars were stolen? Present Continuous am/is/are being + pp active: Peter is writing a book. passive: A book is being written by peter. The room is being cleaned ate the moment. I think we are being followed by those guys. Past Continuous was/were being + pp active: Peter was writing a book. passive: A book was being written by peter. The room was being cleaned when I got home. I think we were being followed after the party. Future am/is/are going to be + pp active: Peter is going to write a book. passive: A book is going to be written by peter. The CD is going to be released next weekend. We cannot go there. We are going to be seen. www.enemquiz.com.br 3
Present Perfect have/has been + pp active: Peter has written a book. passive: A book has been written by peter. The first minister has been shot. We are not going to Thomas party. We haven t been invited by him. Past Perfect had been +pp active: Peter had written a book. passive: A book had been written by peter. The car was two years old but hadn t been used much. The room looked nice. It had been cleaned before I arrived. Modals modal + be + pp active: Mary will clean the room later. passive: The room will be cleaned by mat by later. This task should be done by one of you. The TV was very loud and could be heard from a long way away. Perfect Infinitive modal + have been + pp active: The maid should have cleaned the room. passive: The room should have been cleaned by he maid. If you hadn t left the door unlocked, the apartment wouldn t have been stolen. I haven t received that e-mail yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address. Note If we want to mention who or what performs the action in a passive structure, we usually use a phrase beginning with by (the agent) by her, by us. Note, however, that the agent is only mentioned in 20 % of the cases. All the trouble was caused by her father. I was shocked by your attitude. 4 www.enemquiz.com.br
Inglês Prof. Rafael Dupont Verbs with Two Objects Many verbs, such as give, send, show, lend, tell, offer, pay, promise and refuse can be followed by two objects, an indirect object and a direct object. In these cases, two passive structures are possible. Observe the examples below. active: John sent me a letter. passive 1: A letter was sent to me. passive 2: I was sent a letter. active: Bill gave a present to her. passive 1: A present was given to her. passive 2: She was given a present. active: My father has shown some pictures to me. passive 1: Some pictures have been shown to me by my father. passive 2: I have been shown some pictures by my father. www.enemquiz.com.br 5