S Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Spelling of ing and ed forms 2-3 The principal parts of a verb 2-4 Common irregular verbs: a reference list 2-5 Regular verbs: pronunciation of ed endings 2-6 Simple past and past progressive 2-7 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-8 Expressing past habit: used to 1
2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. 2
2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE 3
2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE 4
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST We graduated from college in 2010. 5
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night. 6
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night. SIMPLE PAST activities or situations began and ended in the past (yesterday, last night, in 2007) 7
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday. watch + ed = watched answer + ed = answered 8
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. 9
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. (f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. Irregular past: sleep understand eat slept understood ate 10
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month. Simple past forms of be was and were 11
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week. NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start school last week. 12
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST REGULAR VERBS QUESTION Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they start school last week? SHORT ANSWER Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they did. No, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn t. 13
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST BE- VERB STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week. NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not home last week. We-You-They were not home last week. 14
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST BE- VERB QUESTION Was I-she-he-it home last week? Were we-you-they home last week? SHORT ANSWER Yes, Yes, No, No, I-she-he-it was. we-you-they were. I-she-he-it- wasn t. we-you-they weren t. 15
2-1 LET S PRACTICE They were at the movies last night at 8:00.? is NEGATIVE STATEMENT: They weren t at the movies last night at 8:00. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: They were at the grocery store last night at 8:00. 16
2-1 LET S PRACTICE 1943 is This airplane was made in 1625.? NEGATIVE STATEMENT: This airplane wasn t made in 1625. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: This airplane was made in 1943. 17
2-1 LET S PRACTICE Did Carla get a bad grade on her test? get? NEGATIVE STATEMENT: Carla didn t get a bad grade on her test. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: Carla got an excellent grade on her test. 18
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS We are learning to speak English. 19
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -e NO (a) smiled smiling hoped hoping -ing form: drop -e, add -ing -ed form: add -d 20
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB Two Consonants (b) helped helping DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO learned learning Two consonants add -ing add -ed 21
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB Two Vowels + One Consonant DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO (c) rained raining heated heating Two vowels + one consonant add -ing add -ed 22
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB One Vowel + One Consonant (d) stopped stopping planned planning ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? YES Double the consonant and add -ing add -ed 23
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB One Vowel + One Consonant (e) visited visiting offered offering TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO First syllable stressed add -ing add -ed 24
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB One Vowel + One Consonant (f) prefer TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? preferring YES preferred admit admitting admitted Second syllable stressed, double the consonant add -ing add -ed 25
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB -y DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO (g) play playing played enjoy enjoying enjoyed vowel + -y keep the -y 26
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB -y DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO (h) worry worrying worried study studying studied consonant + -y -y + -ing -y -i + -ed 27
2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS END OF VERB -ie (i) die dying died tie tying tied -ie -y + -ing add -d 28
2-2 LET S PRACTICE rain -ING form -ED form raining rained 29
2-2 LET S PRACTICE study -ING form -ED form studying studied 30
2-2 LET S PRACTICE lie Please don t lie to me! -ING form -ED form lying lied 31
2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB They became friends. 32
2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE FORM Regular Verbs finish hope try Irregular Verbs see sing go Simple Form No final s, ed, or ing 33
2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE PAST Regular Verbs finished hoped tried Irregular Verbs saw sang went Simple Past ed for regular verbs 34
2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB Regular Verbs finished hoped tried PAST PARTICIPLE Irregular Verbs seen sung gone Past Participle ed for regular verbs perfect tenses & passive 35
2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB Regular Verbs PRESENT PARTICIPLE finishing hoping trying Irregular Verbs seeing singing going Present Participle ing for all verbs used with progressive tenses 36
2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST Somebody spent all my money. 37
2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: PAST PARTICIPLE: awake awoke awoken 38
2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: forget forgot PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten 39
2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: shave shaved PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven 40
2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: throw threw PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown 41
2-4 LET S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: give gave PAST PARTICIPLE: given 42
2-4 LET S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: PAST PARTICIPLE: sit sat sat 43
2-4 LET S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: read read PAST PARTICIPLE: read 44
2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS She talked to me for an hour. talk/t/ 45
2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS (a) talked k = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ voiceless sound + -ed /t/ examples: /k/, /p/ 46
2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ voiceless sound + -ed examples: /k/, /p/, /s/, /ch/, /sh/ /t/ 47
2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS (b) called = call/d/ rained n = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ voiced sound + -ed examples: /l/, /n/ /d/ 48
2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived v = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed y = stay/d/ voiced sound + -ed /d/ examples: /l/ /n/ /v/ /b/,,,, all vowel sounds 49
2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS (c) waited t = wait / d/ needed d = need / d/ e e t or d + -ed / d/ e 50
2-5 LET S PRACTICE? behave 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e 51
2-5 LET S PRACTICE behave /d/ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e 52
2-5 LET S PRACTICE plant? 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e 53
2-5 LET S PRACTICE plant / d/ e 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e 54
2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE He ran to work yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by. 55
2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE THE SIMPLE PAST X (a) Edgar ran to work yesterday. (b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past 56
2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE X X (c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by. (d) They were eating when I got home. in progress was/were + -ing 57
2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE X X (e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running. when = at that time while = during that time 58
2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE STATEMENT I-She-He-It was talking. You-We-They were talking. NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not talking. wasn t talking. You-We-They were not talking. weren t talking. 59
2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE QUESTION Was Were I-she-he-it talking? you-we-they talking? SHORT ANSWER Yes, No, I-she-he-it I-she-he-it was. wasn t. Yes, No, you-we-they you-we-they were. weren t. 60
2-6 LET S PRACTICE walk Yesterday, the camels were walking in the desert. 61
2-6 LET S PRACTICE At 8:00, we began to work. At 8:30, we. were working work 62
2-6 LET S PRACTICE Marie was waiting for the bus. Marie wasn t waiting for a plane. wait OR wait, not 63
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES Our son called while we were using the computer. 64
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES time clause main clause (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. main clause (b) I took a shower time clause after I exercised. (a) time clause main clause 65
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES time clause main clause (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. main clause (b) I took a shower time clause after I exercised. (b) main clause time clause 66
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (c) I took a shower after I exercised. (d) Before I took a shower, I exercised. after before until as soon as while when subject + = and verb a time clause 67
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (e) I exercised until I took a shower. (f) As soon as I exercised, I took a shower. until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after 68
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (g) Mary came home while I was studying. (h) When Mary came home, I was studying. main clause + comma + time clause time clause + comma + main clause 69
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music when allows simple past in both clauses 70
2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf. two actions at the same time past progressive okay in both 71
2-7 LET S PRACTICE attend work While we, were working our children were attending school. 72
2-7 LET S PRACTICE fall asleep read Lynn fell asleep while she was reading a book. 73
2-7 LET S PRACTICE First: I went shopping. Then: I put the food away. After, I went shopping. I put the food away I put the food away after. I went shopping 74
2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family. 75
2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano, but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she doesn t anymore. used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb 76
2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? (OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?) did + subject + used to (OR did + subject + use to) 77
2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (e) I didn t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it. For negative ideas, never is more common. 78
2-8 LET S PRACTICE Correct? The children used to swam in the ocean. 79
2-8 LET S PRACTICE Correct? No The children used to swam swim in the ocean. 80
2-8 LET S PRACTICE Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school? 81
2-8 LET S PRACTICE Correct? No Were Did you used to ask questions in school? 82
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