1 Music Grade 6 Term 1 Contents Revision... 2 The Stave... 2 The Treble clef... 2 The Semi-breve... 2 The Semi-breve Rest... 2 The Minim... 2 The Minim Rest... 3 The Crochet... 3 The Crochet rest... 3 The Quaver... 3 The Quaver rest... 3 Musical elements... 4 Tempo... 4 Pitch... 4 Dynamics... 4 Mood in music... 4 Canon... 5 Call and response... 5 String instruments... 5 Musical elements... 6 Dynamics... 6 Phrasing... 7 Rhythm... 7 The Musical alphabet... 8 Scales... 8 Letter names... 8 Johann Sebastian Bach... 9
2 The Stave Revision The stave is the 5 lines and 4 spaces that music notes are written on. The Treble clef The purpose of the treble clef is to show the person playing or singing music, that the pitch will be high. The treble clef is mostly played with the right hand on a piano as the higher pitches on the keyboard are situated on the right hand side. The Semi-breve (Whole Note. taa-aa-aa-aa) A semi-breve indicates that a continuous sound must be made for a period of four beats. The Semi-breve Rest (Whole Note Rest. saa-aa-aa-aa) A semi-breve rest indicates a continuous period of silence for four beats. The Minim (Half Note. taa-aa) A minim indicates that a continuous sound must be made for a period of two beats. Minims are made up of a hollow head and a stem. The stem can face up or down. The direction of the stem does not change the pitch (highness or lowness) of the note.
3 The Minim Rest (Half Note rest. saa-aa) A minim rest indicates a continuous period of silence for two beats. The Crochet (Quarter Note. taa) A crochet indicates that a continuous sound must be made for a period of one beat. Minims are made up of a solid head and a stem. The Crochet rest (Quarter Note rest. saa) A crochet rest indicates a continuous period of silence for one beat. The Quaver (Eighth Note. Ta or ta-te when there are 2 quavers) A quaver indicates that a continuous sound must be made for a period of a half beat. Quavers are made up of a solid head, a stem and a flag. When two or more quavers are joined then they are called beamed quavers. The Quaver rest (Eighth Note rest. sa or sa-seh when there are 2 quavers) A quaver indicates a continuous period of silence for a half beat.
4 Tempo Musical elements The tempo of music is how fast or how slow the music is being played or sung. Pitch Pitch is how high or how low a sound is. Dynamics Dynamics, in music, is how loud or how soft a sound is. Mood in music When we refer to mood and music, you must ask the question: What emotion do you feel when you listen to a piece of music? Slow and soft music is usually associated with the feeling of sadness. Fast and loud music is usually associated with the feeling of happiness.
5 Canon A canon is a piece of music in which two or more voices (or instrumental parts) sing or play the same melody, but start at different times. Call and response Call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played or sung by different musicians, where the second phrase is a direct commentary on or response to the first phrase. Many rap artists learn their craft by practicing call and response when they first begin to rap. String instruments The string instruments can be used for solo performances or they can be used as part of an orchestra. The violin, viola, cello (say: Chello), double bass and harp usually make up the string instrument group. The violin, viola, cello, double bass have similar shapes but their sizes differ this makes a difference to the pitch of the sound that can be made. The Violin is the smallest string instrument and it has the highest pitch. The Viola is slightly bigger than the violin and the sound it makes has a lower pitch than the violin. The Cello is bigger than the Viola and the sound of this instrument is lower than that of the Viola. The Double-bass is the largest of the four and it has the lowest pitch.
6 There are many other string instruments, such as a guitar, mandolin, banjo and ukulele (say: You kul aye lee). However, they are not usually included in a symphony orchestra. Acoustic guitar Electric guitar Mandolin Banjo Ukulele Musical elements Dynamics In music notation symbols represent the dynamics the volume at which the music must be played. If music should be loudly then the symbol will be used to indicate it. The letter f stands for forte which means strong. If the music should be played softly then the symbol will be used. The letter p stands for piano which means softly.
7 Phrasing In music and music theory, phrase and phrasing are concepts and practices related to grouping melodic notes that come one after the other (consecutive notes). Phrasing, in music, is the same as phrasing when you are speaking. One starts a sentence with a capital letter and ends it with a full stop. For example: Good morning, how are you? I am well, how are you? How was your weekend? It was lovely. Rhythm Definition: It is the pattern of regular and irregular pulses or beats in music. Rhythm is NOT the same as the pulse of the time signature. To explain the concept of rhythm one can add notes to everyday words: Hot Cocoa Piz - za Scrambled eggs Cell phone
8 Corn Flakes Chicken Nuggets Text book Calendar The Musical alphabet The musical alphabet consists out of the first seven letters of the alphabet. Scales A scale is a sequence of 8 consecutive notes which progress in ascending order (going higher) or descending order (going lower).the word scale means ladder. Letter names These are the letter names of the notes written on the lines and in the spaces of a music stave in the treble clef:
9 Each line and space on the stave has a letter name. The spaces can be remembered as FACE and the lines can be remembered by the rhyme Every Good Boy Drinks Fanta. Since we are working with the C major scale we also have to know where C and D appear on the stave. Middle C is the note with the special line and D is the note that is stuck to the bottom of the stave. The C major scale notes on a piano keyboard Johann Sebastian Bach
10 Johann Sebastian Bach was a magnificent baroque-era composer. Johann Sebastian Bach is revered through the ages for his work's musical complexities and stylistic innovations. He was born on March 31, 1685, in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. Bach enriched established German styles through his mastery of counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organisation, and his adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France. Bach's compositions include hundreds of cantatas, both sacred and secular. He composed Latin church music, Passions, oratorios and motets. He often adopted Lutheran hymns, not only in his larger vocal works, but for instance also in his four-part chorales and his sacred songs. He wrote extensively for organ and for other keyboard instruments. He composed concertos, for instance for violin and for harpsichord, and suites, as chamber music as well as for orchestra. Many of his works employ the genres of canon and fugue. Johann Sebastian Bach had a prestigious musical lineage and some of his famous compositions are: "Toccata and Fugue in D minor," "Mass in B Minor," the "Brandenburg Concertos" and "The Well- Tempered Clavier." Bach died in Leipzig, Germany, on July 28, 1750. Today, he is considered one of the greatest Western composers of all time. (This is where you can listen to Bach s Toccata and Fugue in d minor. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rzjlsyyy)
11 Little personal correspondence has survived to provide a full picture of Bach as a person. But the records do shed some light on his character. Bach was devoted to his family. In 1706, he married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach. The couple had seven children together, some of whom died as infants. Maria died in 1720 while Bach was traveling with Prince Leopold. The following year, Bach married a singer named Anna Magdalena Wülcken. They had thirteen children, more than half of them died as children. Bach clearly shared his love of music with his children. From his first marriage, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach became composers and musicians. Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach and Johann Christian Bach, sons from his second marriage, also enjoyed musical success.