Authorship, Commerce and the Public

Authorship, Commerce and the Public

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Authorship, Commerce and the Public Scenes of Writing, 1750-1850 E. J. Clery Caroline Franklin Peter Garside

Editorial matter, selection Introduction E. J. Clery, Caroline Franklin and Peter Garside 2002 Remaining chapters Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2002 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 0-333-96455-1 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Authorship, commerce, and the public : scenes of writing, 1750-1850 / [compiled by] Caroline Franklin, E.J. Clery, Peter Garside. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-333-964551-1 (cloth) 1. English literature 18th century History and criticism. 2. Authorship Economic aspects Great Britain History 18th century. 3. Authorship Economic aspects Great Britain History 19th century. 4. Literature Publishing Great Britain History 18th century. 5. Literature Publishing Great Britain History 19th century. 6. Authors and readers Great Britain History 18th century. 7. Authors and readers Great Britain History 19th century. 8. English literature 19th century History and criticism. I. Franklin, Caroline. II. Clery, E.J. III. Garside, Peter. PR448.E36 A98 2002 820.9'005 dc21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne 2002072184

Contents List of Tables and Figure Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors 1 Introduction 1 E. f. Clery, Caroline Franklin, Peter Garside Part I Authorship 27 2 Anne Grant and the Professionalization of Privacy 29 Pam Perkins 3 Women Poets and Anonymity in the Romantic Era 44 Paula R. Feldman 4 Walter Scott: Anonymity and the Unmasking of Harlequin 54 Claire Lamont 5 James Hogg and his Publishers: The Queen's Wake and 67 Queen Hynde Douglas S. Mack 6 Authority and Community: John Clare and John Taylor 84 Paul Chirico Part II Commerce 101 7 Eliza Haywood and the Discourse of Taste 103 Robert W. Jones 8 Camilla in the Marketplace: Moral Marketing and Feminist Editing in 1796 and 1802 120 Sara Salih 9 Economics, Expertise, Enterprise and the Literary Scene: The Commercial Management Ethos in British Circulating Libraries, 1780-1830 136 Christopher Skelton-Foord 10 Popular Romanticism? Publishing, Readership and the Making of Literary History 153 Benjamin Colbert vii viii ix

vi Contents Part III The Public 169 11 Cultures of Print: Mass Markets and Theories of the Liberal Public Sphere 171 Judith Stoddart 12 The Hastings Circle': Writers and Writing in Calcutta in the Last Quarter of the Eighteenth Century 186 Michael J. Franklin 13 A 'Memorable Grave': The Abject Subtext of Charles Lloyd's Edmund Oliver 203 Paul Keen 14 State Patronage and the Romantic Writer: Henry Taylor's Modest Proposal 218 William Christie Index 237

List of Tables and Figure 9.1 Circulating-Library Label in Mary Meeke, The Wonder of the Village (1805) 145 10.1 Five-Year Peak Average Sales: Comparative List (House of Longman) 155 10.2 Edition and Print Runs of Lyrical Ballads 156 10.3 Impression Numbers and Sales of Amelia Opie's Poems (1802) 157

Acknowledgements The editors and contributors are grateful to a number of libraries and research collections amongst which can be counted the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the British Library and India Office; Edinburgh University Library; the Longman Archives; the Murray Archives; National Library of Scotland; Northampton Central Library. Special thanks are due to Dr Anthony Mandal of the Centre for Editorial and Intertextual Research at Cardiff University for help in the preparation of the manuscript. An earlier version of Paula Feldman's essay appeared in New Literary History, 33:2 (2002), and is reprinted with the permission of the editor. vm

Notes on the Contributors Paul Chirico is a Director of Studies in English at Jesus College, Cambridge. He is completing a study of the writings of John Clare, having published several related articles. His current projects include an edition of Clare's 'fugitive' publications and an investigation of the early history of photography. William Christie is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of English at the University of Sydney. Parts of the study of the Edinburgh Review in earlynineteenth-century literary culture that he has recently completed can be found in The British Journal of Aesthetics, The Byron Journal, Studies in Romanticism, and ELH, and he is a major contributor to the encyclopedia section of the recently published Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age. E. J. Clery is Senior Lecturer in English and Research Fellow with the Corvey Project on Romantic-Era Women's Writing at Sheffield Hallam University. She is author of The Rise of Supernatural Fiction 1762-1800 (1995) and Women's Gothic from Clara Reeve to Mary Shelley (2000), co-editor (with Robert Miles) of Gothic Documents: A Sourcebook 1700-1820 (2000), and has published revised editions of Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto and Ann Radcliffe's The Italian. Benjamin Colbert is Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Wolverhampton. His research interests are in Romantic Period poetry and travel writing. His recent publications include essays on Arthur Young, the Shelleys, Rhine tourism, post-napoleonic travel writing on France, and John Ashbery. He is a volume editor to the forthcoming British Satire 1785-1840 (2002), and is currently writing a book on Shelley and travel, entitled Shelley's Eye: Travel Writing and Aesthetic Vision. Paula R. Feldman holds the C. Wallace Martin Chair in English at the University of South Carolina and is Louise Fry Scudder Professor of Liberal Arts. She is co-editor of The Journals of Mary Shelley, A Century of Sonnets: The Romantic-era Revival, 1750-1850, and Romantic Women Writers: Voices and Countervoices, and is editor of British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Caroline Franklin is Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Wales, Swansea. Her publications include Byron's Heroines (1992), awarded the British Academy Rose Mary Crawshay prize for 1995, and Byron: A Literary Life IX

x Notes on the Contributors (2000). She has edited The Romantics: Women Poets 1770-1830, 12 vols (1996), and The Wellesley Series IV: British Romantic Poets, 6 vols (1998). She is currently researching a literary biography of Mary Wollstonecraft and also working on a third book on Byron. Michael J. Franklin is Research Fellow in the English Department of University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Since editing Sir William Jones: Selected Poetical and Prose Works (1995) and writing the critical biography Sir William Jones (1995), he has been investigating colonial representations of India and their various interfaces with Romanticism. He has edited Representing India: Indian Culture and Imperial Control (2000), and The European Discovery of India: Key Indological Sources of Romanticism (2001), and the present essay is one of a series of articles on prominent members of the Hastings circle which forms the current focus of his research. Peter Garside is Professor of English Literature and Chair of the Centre for Editorial and Intertextual Research at Cardiff University. He is one of the general editors, with James Raven and Rainer Schowerling, of The English Novel, 1770-1829: A Bibliographical Survey of Prose Fiction Published in the British Isles (2 vols, 2000), and has also recently edited James Hogg's Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner for the Collected Works of James Hogg. He has published widely in the field of Scottish fiction, publishing history, and Romantic literature, and is the editor of Walter Scott's Guy Mannering (1999) for the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels. Robert W. Jones is a Lecturer in the School of English at the University of Leeds. He is the author of Gender and the Formation of Taste in Eighteenth- Century Britain: The Analysis of Beauty (1998). Recent articles have explored writers as diverse as Sarah Scott, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Thomas Chatterton and Anna Laetitia Barbauld. He is currently working on a book on the cultural politics of Britain's defeat in the American War of Independence. Paul Keen is Associate Professor of English at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He is the author of The Crisis of Literature in the 1790s: Print Culture and the Public Sphere (1999), and the editor of Writing At The Limits: A Romantic Print Culture Anthology (forthcoming) and of a six-volume facsimile edition of The Radical Popular Press in Britain, 1811-1821 (forthcoming). Claire Lamont is Professor of English Romantic Literature at the University of Newcastle. Her research interests are in English and Scottish literature of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, especially Johnson and Boswell, Jane Austen, and other women novelists, Walter Scott, and litera-

Notes on the Contributors xi ture and architecture. Her edition of Scott's Chronicles of the Canongate appeared in 2000. Douglas S. Mack is a Professor in the Department of English Studies, University of Stirling. He is founding General Editor of the Stirling/South Carolina Research Edition of James Hogg, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels. Past publications include editions of The Tale of Old Mortality (by Walter Scott) and The Shepherd's Calendar (by James Hogg). He is currently working on an edition of Hogg's poem The Queen's Wake, and he is writing a book on Walter Scott and his World. Pam Perkins is an Associate Professor in the Department of English at the University of Manitoba. She has published articles on several late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century writers, including Jane Austen, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Frances Burney, and has edited Elizabeth Hamilton's Translation of the Letters of a Hindoo Rajah and Robert Bage's Hermsprong. Her current research focuses on the literary careers of several Scottish women writers working between the 1780s and 1820s. Sara Salih is a Lecturer in English at the University of Kent, Canterbury. She is the editor of The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave (2000) and has also published on Frances Burney and 'race'. Christopher Skelton-Foord is History Librarian at the Bodleian Library and Librarian of the History Faculty Library, University of Oxford. He is sometime Honorary Secretary of the Library Association's Library History Group and was editor of the British Library journal Newspaper Library News from 1998 to 2002. He is an assistant editor of The English Novel 1770-1829: A Bibliographical Survey of Prose Fiction Published in the British Isles: Volume II: 1800-1829, (2000), and publishes on the book trade, library history and management, newspaper bibliography, and popular fiction. He is currently working on British circulating-library fiction from 1780 to 1830. Judith Stoddart is an Associate Professor of English at Michigan State University. She is the author of Ruskin's Culture Wars (1998) and of articles on Victorian narrative painting, nineteenth-century historicism and nationalism. Her current project deals with theories of perception and circulation in Victorian art, narrative and photography.