Predictions with Will will take you on an amazing journey. Amanda will remember this day forever. er. She ll want to go on another adventure e with Stanley. They ll go even further into space the next time they travel. Future Real Conditional f he They f becomes doesn t become will fail won t fail don t repair repair an astronaut, he will the astronomy test if they don t study study the telescope, explore the solar system. won t explore won t be able to see will be able to see hard. Ganymede. f the sky is clear, will she go to the observatory? Yes, she will. Will she go to the observatory if the sky isn t clear? No, she won t. What will he see if he looks at the sky? f he looks at the sky, what will he see? He ll see the moon.
Verbs Followed by nfinitives appear (to be) hope (to meet) plan (to study) expect (to see) learn (to drive) seem (to have) The archaeologists hope to find more information about this interesting time in history. There He appear to be don t appear to be expected to find didn t expect to find pieces of clay in the area. a lot of treasure in one place. Did she learn to label all of the pieces correctly? What does he plan to study at university? Yes, she did. / No, she didn t. He plans to study archaeology. Verbs Followed by Gerunds dislike (excavating) appreciate (learning) recommend (resting) imagine (discovering) consider (going) stop (studying) Karen enjoyed looking at all the dinosaur bones in her father s office. enjoyed talking to the paleontologists after the hike. didn t enjoy talking He didn t begin writing began writing his report on dinosaurs after dinner. Did you finish excavating the area in the ravine? Yes, did. / No, didn t. What does she like doing after her homework? She likes watching TV.
Present Continuous for Future Plans They She are opening aren t opening is taking isn t taking am buying am not buying a new bakery soon. a cooking class tomorrow. new ingredients on Saturday to make cookies. Are you planting a garden this spring? What is he baking for his friends tomorrow? Yes, am. / No, m not. He s baking a cake. Polite Offers Offering an Action Would you like to taste some olive oil? Yes, d like to try some. Would you like to eat an orange? Yes, d like that. Offering a Thing Would you like some olive oil? No, thank you. Would you like an orange? No, thanks. wouldn t like one.
ndefinite Pronouns Person Someone in Europe bought one of Aswani s paintings. Does anyone here know who painted the Mona Lisa? Everyone was quiet in the art museum. Thing Do you need something from the art supply store? She can make art out of anything. Did he make everything in this room? Offers with Shall and Will Offers with a Question Tim: broke my pencil. Paul: Shall get you another one? Tam: Grandma, shall paint a picture of you? Offers with a Statement Beth: We are out of paint. Kara: ll ask the teacher for more. Tam: ll paint your picture in the park.
Negative ndefinite Pronouns Negative ndefinite Pronoun nothing no one nobody Meaning no single thing, not anything no person Example There was nothing in the central market that wanted to buy. No one could ever be bored in Lisbon. There was nobody at the city information desk. Tag Questions We live don t live The garbage collectors You will go won t go Mayor Wilson in a great city, don t do didn t have had we? a holiday last week, to the town meeting tonight, won t will can can t play the tuba, can t can he? you? did they? didn t
Order of Adjectives opinion size age shape color kind interesting little young round blue metal Harry is an influenza virus, and he s a dangerous little guy. (opinion) (size) Can you see the tiny, round, green virus in the microscope? (size) (shape) (color) This square, white, metal box contains an important medicine to fight bacteria. (shape) (color) (kind) Used To Repeated Action in the Past He used to exercise all the time. The children used to run a mile every day for exercise. People used to think that exercise was just for athletes. Single Action in the Past He exercised last week. The children ran a mile yesterday. Fifty years ago, people thought that exercise was just for athletes.
Must, Mustn t, Have To, Don t Have To Reggie Daria must watch mustn t watch television after school. has to use the Web for her homework. doesn t have to use The radio stations Workers at the company have to broadcast the news. don t have to broadcast had to leave the building. didn t have to leave Present Perfect She They has checked this article for mistakes. hasn t checked have investigated the story. haven t investigated The swimming coach We have written haven t written a blog. has stolen something. hasn t stolen anything. Present rregular Verbs Past Past Participle steal stole stolen write wrote written
Present Perfect with Ever and Never Questions Have you ever heard a loud siren? they Has she he ever been in a storm? Yes, Answers have. / No, they ve never heard one. They ve Yes, she he She s He s they haven t. has. / No, she he hasn t. never been in a storm. Present Perfect with Already, Just, and Yet already swept past Statements just experienced She has already bought extra bottled water. present haven t spoken yet future Questions Has she already bought extra bottled water? We ve just experienced an earthquake. haven t spoken to the neighbors yet. Have you just experienced an earthquake? Have you spoken to the neighbors yet?
Present Perfect with For and Since Period of Time People have used these biomes for food, water, and shelter for a very long time. Scientists haven t seen a living golden toad for over twenty years. Point in Time Pollution has hurt biomes in our area since was a child. People in many countries haven t hunted whales since 1982. Present Perfect and Simple Past Present Perfect We have studied biomes before. haven t hiked in a long time. Have you seen a rainforest yet? Simple Past We studied biomes last week. didn t hike this morning. Did you see a rainforest last year?