Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects PlasmaWipe effects are real-time plug-i effects that use gradiet image bitmaps to create wipes ad segmet effects. There are 64 preset effects, ad you ca create your ow by creatig ew gradiet images. While oe of the wipe effects plays, the system maitais a value called a threshold poit ad chages the value gradually from black to white. All gray toes i the gradiet image that are lighter tha the threshold poit are replaced by outgoig video. All gray toes i the image that are darker tha the threshold poit are replaced by icomig video. As the threshold poit gets closer to white, more of the icomig video appears. The result is a smooth, custom wipe. The followig illustratio shows the black ad white gradiet image used by the Horiz Twirl PlasmaWipe effect ad the resultig effect, with softess applied. This effect gives the impressio of a curlig spiral that reveals the image udereath. Outgoig footage Image used by Horiz Twirl effect Icomig footage Three sample frames usig the Horiz Twirl effect as a trasitio effect. 1
Istallig PlasmaWipe Effects The PlasmaWipe effects istaller is available i the followig locatios: O Macitosh systems, the istaller is i the Other Istallers folder o the Avid editig applicatio istallatio CD-ROM. O Widows systems, the istaller is available o the mai istaller widow for the Avid editig istallatio program. You must eter a password to istall the PlasmaWipe effects. You ca obtai a password whe you register your Avid editig applicatio at Avid s Web site: www.avid.com/register. After you istall the PlasmaWipe effects ad restart your Avid editig applicatio, several PlasmaWipe effect categories appear i the Effect Palette. The istallatio program istalls a file amed PlasmaWipes.pdf (this documet) at the same level as the Avid editig applicatio. PlasmaWipes.pdf describes how to use ad to create PlasmaWipe effects. c The istallatio program stores a PlasmaWipes folder i the SupportigFiles folder of your Avid editig applicatio. The followig shows the default locatios for the folder for Avid Xpress Pro: (Widows) drive:\program Files\Avid\Avid Xpress Pro\ SupportigFiles\PlasmaWipes (Macitosh) Macitosh HD/Applicatios/Avid Xpress Pro/ Supportig Files/PlasmaWipes (Macitosh oly) If you create additioal folders for your custom PlasmaWipe effects, back them up before you ru the PlasmaWipes istaller to replace or update the PlasmaWipes folder. The istaller deletes ad replaces the etire PlasmaWipes folder. 2
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects The followig illustratio shows the default PlasmaWipes folder structure. There are parallel folders for NTSC (720x486) ad PAL (720x576) resolutios. Whe you create your ow PlasmaWipe effects you create two versios of each effect, oe for each resolutio. Usig PlasmaWipe Effects PlasmaWipe effects are two stream, real-time effects that you ca use as either trasitio effects or segmet effects. As trasitio effects, PlasmaWipe effects allow you to create custom wipes. As segmet effects, you ca use PlasmaWipe effects as static wipes. For example, you could desig a PlasmaWipe effect that gives the impressio of fog o the top ad bottom of the video image or a custom border for a effect similar to a picture-i-picture effect. For iformatio o the effects i the Border category, see Usig PlasmaWipe Frame ad Border Effects o page 19. Although PlasmaWipe effects are real-time, they are CPU-itesive effects ad might require rederig if you combie them with other effects or multiple video streams. 3
To use a PlasmaWipe effect: 1. Apply the PlasmaWipe effect to a trasitio or segmet. 2. Click the Effect mode butto. 3. Adjust the parameters ad add keyframes (as ecessary) i the Effect Editor. The Level value correspods to the black ad white threshold. As you icrease the value, the threshold moves closer to white ad reveals more icomig video. The followig illustratio shows how the threshold poit chages as the effect plays. Outgoig footage Image used by Horiz Twirl effect Icomig footage Chages i the Level (threshold) value ad correspodig chages i the gradiet image. Correspodig chages i the image. 4
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects Creatig PlasmaWipe Effects This sectio describes three approaches that you ca use to create a image for a PlasmaWipe effect: Create a black ad white gradiet image i a graphics tool such as Adobe Photoshop. Modify a existig image to create a black ad white gradiet image. Create a wipe by drawig a wide brush stroke that chages smoothly from black to white. You ca use the Pecil tool i Photoshop to create this type of image. The images i the PlasmaWipes folders are raw Photoshop images. You ca ope the images i Photoshop to get some ideas for ew effects. The followig sectios describe how to create the gradiet images used for PlasmaWipe effects ad the folder structure that you must use to esure that the Avid editig applicatio recogizes your ew effects. This documet describes how to create gradiet images usig Adobe Photoshop. However, you ca use ay graphic tool, such as Jasc Pait Shop Pro, that allows you to create black ad white gradiet images ad save the image as a raw image file (with a.raw extesio). For iformatio o the effects i the Border category, see Usig PlasmaWipe Frame ad Border Effects o page 19. Creatig PAL ad NTSC Versios of the Image Because PAL ad NTSC require differet resolutios for graphic images you must create two versios of your image as follows: A 720 x 576 pixel image for PAL A 720 x 486 pixel image for NTSC It is better to start with a 720 x 576 image because it is the highest resolutio. 5
Creatig a PlasmaWipe from a Custom Image This sample procedure uses Adobe Photoshop, but you ca use ay graphic tool that creates black ad white gradiet images ad allows you to save a image as a raw image file. To create a gradiet image usig Adobe Photoshop: 1. Create a ew file with the followig characteristics: - Image size: 720 pixels (width) by 576 pixels (height) - Resolutio: 72 pixels/ich (you ca use ay resolutio) - Mode: Grayscale 2. Create a black ad white graphic. For example, use the Gradiet tool to create a basic patter with the followig settigs: - Foregroud: black - Backgroud: white - Opacity: 100% 3. (Optio) Use distortio filters such as Spherize, Twirl, or Ripple to modify the image. The followig illustratio shows a gradiet image modified by two separate distortio operatios. Gradiet image Distortio Swirl applied Distortio Ripple applied 4. (Optio) Perform image operatios to create differet effects. For example, you ca copy differet gradiet images to separate layers ad experimet with bledig the layers. For iformatio o bledig layers, see your Photoshop documetatio. 6
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects 5. Save the image as a raw image file as described i Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC o page 14. Creatig a Wipe Usig the Photoshop Pecil Tool This procedure describes how to create a gradiet image similar to the images i the PlasmaWipes/Avid/Pait folder. The wipe effect simulates ucoverig the icomig video by wipig away the outgoig video with a brush or cloth. The followig illustratio shows two examples. The darkest part of the image is wiped away first. Image used by Pait Strokes 1 Image used by Pait Strokes 4 This sample procedure uses Adobe Photoshop to create the gradiet image. To create a gradiet image usig the Pecil tool: 1. Select the lower color selectio box i the Adobe Photoshop toolbox ad chage the backgroud to black. 2. Select the upper color selectio box ad chage the foregroud color to white. 3. Create a ew file with the followig characteristics: - Image size: 720 pixels (width) by 576 pixels (width) - Resolutio: 72 pixels/ich (you ca use ay resolutio) - Mode: Grayscale - Cotets: Backgroud color 4. Select the Pecil tool. The pecil tool is useful for this method because it creates hard edges. 5. Click Other Dyamics i the Brushes palette. 7
6. I the Opacity Jitter parameter area, click the Cotrol pop-up meu ad select Fade. 7. Eter a high Step umber i the Cotrol text box (for example, 500). This creates a pecil stroke that fades from white to black (foregroud to backgroud color) i small icremets. For Photoshop 6.0, select Color > Fade i the Brush Dyamics dialog box. 8. Click Brush Presets, ad select a wide pecil shape, for example 100 pixels or higher. You ca also create a custom brush. For example, i Photoshop 7.0 you ca create a brush that rotates ad chages size as you draw. 9. Close the Brushes palette. 10. Set Opacity to 100%. 11. Start aywhere i the image ad draw back ad forth across the image, coverig the etire image from top to bottom. This should create a wide pecil mark that chages the color from white to black. Draw the lie as if you are paitig the wipe backwards from white to black. Whe the wipe plays, the darkest parts of the image are replaced by icomig video first. For example, to create a effect similar to Pait Strokes 4, start drawig i the upper left corer ad draw cocetric rectagles util you reach the ceter. This wipe starts i the ceter ad spreads out i cocetric rectagles. The image used for Pait Strokes 2 creates a wipe effect with a crisscross patter. Image used by Pait Strokes 4 Image used by Pait Strokes 2 12. (Optioal) Apply filters to the image to chage the edges. For example, select Distortio > Ripple to apply a Ripple effect. 8
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects 13. Save the image as a raw image file as described i Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC o page 14. Whe you resize the image for NTSC, select Nearest Neighbor i the Resample Image meu. This maitais the sharp edges i the image. Creatig a PlasmaWipe Effect from a Existig Image This sample procedure describes how to create a gradiet image from a existig image usig Adobe Photoshop. You ca use ay graphic, but images with rich texture ofte give the best results. Image used by Fallig Text Image used by Lava Flow 3 To create a gradiet image from a existig image: 1. Ope a existig graphics file. 2. Select Image > Image Size. The Image Size dialog box appears. 3. Chage the image size to 720 pixels x 576 pixels. 4. Deselect Costrai Proportios. 5. Click OK. 6. Select Image > Mode > Grayscale. 7. Select Image > Histogram ad use the histogram to esure that the image uses the full rage of gradiet values. For more iformatio o usig histograms, see Tips for Workig with Gradiet Images o page 10. 8. Click OK. 9
Tips for Workig with Gradiet Images 9. Save the image as a raw image file as described i Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC o page 14. The followig tips apply to workig with gradiet images: Keep the graphic smooth without too may hard edges. This icreases the umber of levels (gradiets) ad creates a smoother wipe. Do ot use ditherig or atialiasig because they might add artifacts to the wipe. For example, whe a graphics applicatio performs atialiasig, it smooths out the edge of a lie by bledig the colors alog the edge. These bleded colors might force small portios of the icomig or outgoig video to appear at iappropriate times. If you use Photoshop, use the histogram to view the gradiet levels of the image. This allows you to esure that the image uses all the available gradiet values ad that the effect plays smoothly. To use the Adobe Photoshop histogram: t Select Image > Histogram. The Histogram shows the area of coverage as the wipe appears. The followig tips apply to usig the histogram: The wider the rage of gradiet values (levels), the smoother the resultig aimatio. For example, the followig illustratios show two histograms. The oe with the wide rage of gradiet values will create a smoother aimatio. Image does ot use all available gradiet values. Image uses all available gradiet values. 10
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects A horizotally smooth histogram results i a aimatio that does t have abrupt chages. If the histogram has a wide vertical rage, the wipe might come i quickly the slow dow. The followig illustratios show two histograms. The image with the peak creates a aimatio that starts quickly, slows dow as it gets to the middle of the effect, ad the speeds up agai. The image with the smooth histogram creates a aimatio with a costat speed. Image does ot use all available gradiet values. Image uses all available gradiet values. Depedig o the effect you wat to create, the image associated with either type of histogram ca create a acceptable aimatio as log as it uses the full rage of gradiets. If you wat to chage the speed of the wipe, you ca use keyframes to cotrol the Level parameter. You ca also use the Acceleratio parameter i the Effect Editor to chage the speed. To use the histogram to chage the image: 1. Select Image > Histogram to view the rage of gradiets (levels) used by the image. For example, the followig histogram shows that the image does ot use all of the available gradiet values (the histogram shows o gradiet levels o the right side of the graph). 11
You ca use a commad like Equalize, Auto Levels, or Auto Cotrast to icrease the rage of gradiet values. 2. Select Image > Adjustmet > Equalize. The followig illustratio shows the resultig histogram. This histogram uses a wider rage of gradiets but has may gaps. I a short wipe effect the gaps are ot oticeable. I a log effect, the gaps might create doubled frames i the aimatio. You ca use a blur effect to smooth out the rage. 3. Select Filter > Blur > Gaussia Blur ad eter a value of 2.0. The followig illustratio shows the resultig histogram. Testig the Aimatio This image creates a smooth wipe effect. You ofte eed to use a combiatio of blur effects ad level or cotrast chages to create a smooth histogram that uses the full rage of gradiets. You ca use the followig procedure to preview the aimatio that the system performs o your graphic. This example uses the Horiz Twirl image from the PlasmaWipes folder. 12
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects To test a aimatio: 1. Select Image > Adjustmets > Brightess/Cotrast. The Brightess/Cotrast dialog box appears. The followig illustratio shows the image ad the Brightess/Cotrast dialog box. 2. Move the Cotrast slider all the way to the right to view the aimatio with hard edges. 3. To view the aimatio with some softess applied, move the Cotrast slider to the left to select a lower Cotrast umber. 4. Move the Brightess slider from left (-100) to right (+100) to view the aimatio. The followig images show three stages of the aimatio. 13
To adjust the image i icremets of 10, click the Brightess slider ad use Shift+Up Arrow or Shift+Dow Arrow. You ca also use Image > Adjustmets > Threshold to view the aimatio with hard edges. Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC This sample procedure assumes that you created a PAL versio of the image (720 x 576 pixels) usig the steps described i Creatig a PlasmaWipe from a Custom Image o page 6. To save a gradiet image: 1. Make a backup copy of the image. 2. If the image has multiple layers, flatte the image. 3. Select File > Save As. The Save As dialog box appears. 4. Name the file, ad select Raw(*.RAW) from the Format meu. The system saves the file as a raw Photoshop image with a.raw extesio. This is the 720 x 576 (PAL) versio of the image. The ame you choose for the image will become the ame of the effect that appears i the Effect Palette. Make sure you use exactly the same ame for the PAL ad NTSC versios of the file. 5. Use the followig steps to save a NTSC versio of the image. a. Select Image > Image Size. b. I the Height text box, chage the image height to 486 pixels. Keep the image width at 720 pixels. 14
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects c. Deselect Costrai Proportios. d. Select Resample Image ad select Bicubic from the Resample Image meu. If the image has hard edges, select Nearest Neighbor from the Resample Image meu. This avoids extra bledig. If you have smooth edges, select Bicubic. e. Click OK. f. Select File > Save As. The Save As dialog box appears. g. Name the file as described i Step 4. 6. Store the two images i the PlasmaWipes folder structure. See Storig Images i the PlasmaWipes Folder Structure o page 15. You ca create actios i Adobe Photoshop to automate these save operatios. For more iformatio, see the Adobe Photoshop documetatio. For iformatio o how the ame you give to a PlasmaWipe effect affects the default values, see Default Values for PlasmaWipe Effects o page 22. Storig Images i the PlasmaWipes Folder Structure You ow have a NTSC ad a PAL versio of your ew PlasmaWipe images. I order for the Avid editig applicatio to recogize the files, you must store them i the correct folders. 15
The followig illustratio shows the default PlasmaWipes folder structure. The PlasmaWipes folder is located i the SupportigFiles folder of your Avid editig applicatio. To store your Plasma Wipe image files: 1. Give your image files uique ames so that you ca recogize the files if you copy them to aother system. The ame you choose will become the ame that appears for the effect i the Effect Palette. 2. Create ew folders to orgaize your ew effects. Create idetical folders withi the 720x486 folder ad the 720x576 folder. Do ot store your files i the Avid folders because the folder may be overwritte whe you update your Avid software. Create folders withi the 720x486 folder ad the 720x576 folder at the same level as the Avid folder. You ca use ay umber of estig levels for your folders i order to orgaize your effects. The system displays the full path as part of the ame i the effect category. The followig illustratio shows the Effect Palette with the full default path i the effect category. 16
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects c 3. Copy your images to the ew folders. Make sure the images have idetical ames i the 720x486 folder ad the 720x576 folder. 4. Restart your Avid applicatio. Your ew effects appear i the Effect Palette. If you move sequeces that use your ew wipes to aother system, you must copy the wipes to that other system. You must maitai the same folder structure o each system that uses your effects. (Macitosh oly) If you create additioal folders for your ow custom PlasmaWipe effects, back them up before you ru the PlasmaWipes istaller to replace or update the PlasmaWipes folder. The istaller deletes ad replaces the etire PlasmaWipes folder. 17
Tips for Adjustig a Existig PlasmaWipe Effect While the Applicatio is Ruig If you add ew effects you must restart the Avid editig applicatio i order to see the effects i the Effect Palette. However, you ca use the followig procedure to adjust a PlasmaWipe effect that you have previously created. This helps whe testig chages to oe of your effects. To adjust a existig effect while the applicatio is ruig: 1. Edit the older versio of the effect ito a sequece. 2. Locate the PlasmaWipes folder ad replace the old effect with the ew effect i the appropriate folder. 3. I the Timelie bottom toolbar, click the Video Quality meu butto ad select a lower video quality. 4. Click the effect ico i the Timelie ad move the positio idicator to update the effect i the Timelie. 5. Click the Video Quality meu butto ad select a higher video quality. The system replaces the effect with the ew versio. 18
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects Usig PlasmaWipe Frame ad Border Effects PlasmaWipe frame ad border effects allow you to add a variety of edge treatmets to a clip. The followig illustratios show several examples. Stoe Frame Medium effect Stoe Frame Large effect applied to a PIP effect, resized, ad repositioed Image with o effects Soft Sky effect Soft Widow effect used as PIP Soft Widow used to darke edges Frame ad border effects are i the PlasmaWipe Avid Borders category of the Effect Palette. There are two groups of these effects: Border effects allow you to darke the edges ad corers of a image or give a tit or shadow to the sky as though the image was shot through a les filter. For example, the image with o effect i the 19
previous illustratio shows a slight darkeig of the corers created durig the origial filmig of the clip. The bottom right image uses Soft Widow to accetuate this effect. Border effects iclude the followig: - Roud Border - Soft Sky - Soft Widow - Square Border Frame effects allow for textured, colored frames. These effects have the word Frame i their ame. There are three versios of each: - Large: places a frame aroud the etire image. These effects are iteded for use with DVE effects such as picture-i-picture (PIP) effects. - Medium ad Small: remai cetered i the image ad caot be resized or repositioed. You ca achieve effects similar to frame effects if you import a Matte key created i a applicatio such as Photoshop. Frame effects have the added beefit of allowig you to adjust the frame color withi the Avid editig applicatio. Applyig ad Adjustig Frame ad Border Effects Frame effects are segmet effects. Border effects like Soft Sky ca be used as either segmet effects or trasitio effects but are iteded as segmet effects. For iformatio o how the system idetifies a frame effect from other PlasmaWipe effects, see Default Values for PlasmaWipe Effects o page 22. To apply a frame effect or border effect: t Click the effect ico i the Effect Palette, drag it to the segmet i the Timelie, ad release the mouse butto. 20
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects To Apply a frame or border effect to a existig DVE such as a PIP effect: 1. Apply the PIP effect to a clip i the Timelie. 2. Double-click the effect s ico i the Timelie. The system steps ito the effect ad displays the ested tracks. 3. Drag the frame or border effect oto the upper track i the ested effect. For example, the followig illustratio shows the Stoe Frame Large effect applied to the 1.2 track. 4. Double-click the PIP effect ico agai to step out of the ested effect. 5. Adjust the parameters for the PIP effect. The Frame Large effects are desiged to be used with DVEs such as the PIP effects. To adjust a frame effect or border effect: If the effect is part of a ested effect, step ito the effect to modify the frame effect or the border effect. 1. For Frame effects, adjust the Border ad Bled color to chage the color of the frame. The color modifies the effect as follows: - Border adjusts the base color of the frame. - Bled Color adjusts the highlight color. 2. Adjust the Soft (softess) ad Foregroud Level parameters as eeded. 21
If you wat to adjust a border effect to darke the edges of a image, use the Foregroud Level parameter to expad the border to the edges of the image. The modify the border usig the Soft, Border color, ad Border Bled parameters. You usually do ot wat to keyframe the Foregroud Level parameter o a frame effect. The source graphics for PlasmaWipe frame effects have a sharp trasitio betwee black ad white values ad you might fid that the chage from foregroud to backgroud video happes too quickly. Default Values for PlasmaWipe Effects Frame effects have differet default values from the rest of the PlasmaWipes effects. This is because frame effects usually have crisp edges betwee the video ad the frame graphic. Other PlasmaWipe effects ofte bled video clips together ad those effects ca beefit from some amout of softess. I order to determie which default values to use, the PlasmaWipes software looks for the words border ad frame i the pathame to the effect source graphic. If both words appear i the path, the software applies the frame effect defaults (ad oly allows the effect to be used as a segmet effect). Otherwise the software applies the defaults used for all other PlasmaWipes. For example, the followig two effects use the frame effect defaults: PlasmaWipes/720x486/Avid/Borders/Stoe Frame Large PlasmaWipes/720x486/MyEffects/MyFrames/Large Stoe Border The followig table shows the default parameters for PlasmaWipes effects. Parameter Name Border Default Values for Frame Effects Default Values for all other PlasmaWipe Effects Hue 0 0 Sat 0 0 22
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects Parameter Name Default Values for Frame Effects Default Values for all other PlasmaWipe Effects Lum 63 255 Bled Color Hue 0 0 Sat 0 0 Lum 255 255 Width 63 0 Softess 0 32 Level 50 50 Creatig Custom Border ad Frame Effects For border effects such as Soft Sky or Square Widow, you ca use the same techiques as described i Creatig PlasmaWipe Effects o page 5. Frame effects have the followig uique requiremets: Use a image with a 4:3 aspect ratio to create the frame graphic. For example, start with a 720x540 pixel image. After you create the frame graphic, save it as the correct size for PAL or NTSC as described i Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC o page 14. For best results, keep distict boudaries betwee the black, white, ad gray portios of your image. Do ot bled betwee black ad gray or betwee white ad gray areas. For example, the followig illustratio shows the image for the Stoe Frame Small effect. 23
Foregroud video displays through the black area ad backgroud video displays through the white area. If you allow the gray area to bled with the black, portios of the frame might appear withi the backgroud video area ad portios of the foregroud video might appear withi the frame. A histogram for a frame graphic differs from a histogram from other types of PlasmaWipe effects. The followig illustratio shows the Photoshop histogram for the Stoe Frame Small image. Because a frame graphic does ot create a aimatio, the histogram does ot eed to cotai a wide rage of gradiet values. I fact, there will be large portios of the image that are completely black or white. To create a custom frame graphic: 1. Create a ew file with the followig characteristics: - Image size: 720 pixels (width) by 540 pixels (height) - Resolutio: 72 pixels/ich (you ca use ay resolutio) - Mode: Grayscale 24
Workig with PlasmaWipe Effects The 720x540 size esures that the origial image will have a 4:3 aspect ratio.this allows you to create a frame that fits correctly withi the video image. 2. Display the Photoshop grid to allow for precise placemet of the frame ad iterior area. Use a grid size of oe gridlie every 36 pixels. 3. Create a frame graphic usig the grid lies as a guide. 4. Modify the grayscale image ad apply filter effects as ecessary. 5. Color the iside of the frame black. 6. If you wat backgroud video to appear aroud the frame, color that area white. 7. Flatte the image to remove extra layers. 8. Make a copy of the image. 9. Save oe copy as 720x482 (PAL) ad aother as 720x576 (NTSC) as described i Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC o page 14. Select the Nearest Neighbor optio to avoid bledig betwee the black, white, ad gray areas of the image. To create a frame graphic from a existig image: 1. Ope a existig image, such as a graphic of a stoe slab, piece of wood, or woode frame. 2. Select Image > Image Size. The Image Size dialog box appears. 3. Chage the image size to 720 pixels x 540 pixels. 4. Deselect Costrai Proportios. 5. Click OK. 6. Select Image > Mode > Grayscale. 7. Tur o the Photoshop grid to allow for precise placemet of the frame ad iterior area. Use a grid size of oe gridlie every 36 pixels. 8. Modify the grayscale image ad apply filter effects as ecessary. 9. Color the iside of the frame black. 25
10. If you wat backgroud video to appear aroud the frame, color that area white. 11. Flatte the image to remove extra layers. 12. Make a copy of the image. 13. Save oe copy as 720x482 (for NTSC) ad aother as 720x576 (for PAL) as described i Savig the Image for PAL ad NTSC o page 14. Select the Nearest Neighbor optio to avoid bledig betwee the black, white, ad gray areas of the image. Copyright 2003 Avid Techology, Ic. ad its licesors. All rights reserved. Avid ad Avid Xpress are registered trademarks of Avid Techology, Ic. Adobe ad Photoshop are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Icorporated i the Uited States ad/or other coutries. Apple, Mac, ad Macitosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Ic., registered i the U.S. ad other coutries. Pait Shop ad Pait Shop Pro are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Jasc Software, Ic. Widows is a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporatio i the Uited States ad/or other coutries. All other trademarks cotaied herei are the property of their respective owers. 26