NE RAME ORK STUDENT S BOOK Ben Goldstein with Leanne Gray Richmond PUBLISHING www.webframework.net 3INTERMEDIATE
Contents Unit Language focus Vocabulary Reading 1 The gender gap page 6 Present Simple, Present Continuous & Present Perfect just Past Simple Jobs Character adjectives Phrasal verbs with up Time expressions & linking phrases just Girls still choose women s jobs Stop being a stereotype Every picture tells a story Yoko Ono s biography 2 Home alone page 14 Quantifiers: few, little, enough Present Perfect / Past Simple Countable & uncountable nouns Types of homes / materials Furniture Property whole World homes The gospel according to IKEA Kosovan refugees 3 Body matters page 22 The infinitive -ing form Giving advice: should & must Body parts Health problems Allergies Organs of the body by the way Cosmetic vs reconstructive surgery Unusual remedies Medical ethics World English DVD 1 The African potato / The cannabis debate page 30 Flashback 1 page 32 4 Controversy page 34 Question forms Indirect questions Past Simple & Present Perfect for & since Negative prefixes Art words Likes & dislikes Censorship point Nightmare neighbours Picasso & Tracey Emin 5 Best days of your life page 42 Present Perfect Simple & Present Perfect Continuous make, let, be allowed to, be made to School subjects Education words anyway Facebook Universities in different countries Vocational colleges 6 Screen test page 50 The passive voice Adjectives Genres Cinema words Gradable & ungradable adjectives TV programmes Pan s Labyrinth reviews Bollywood facts Reality TV is here to stay then World English DVD 2 Devdas page 58 Flashback 2 page 60 2
Contents Speaking Listening Writing Pronunciation Takeaway English / Zoom in Discussing jobs Discussing stereotypes Describing photos An argument Life story of Hillary Clinton A profile Describing a photograph Word-building & word stress (1) Collocations: take Having an argument Describing your house Discussing refugees Flat sharing Talking about rooms Changing rooms Nightmare flatmates How to interpret information when you listen An advert for a flatmate Silent consonants Renting a room piece Discussing cosmetic surgery Giving advice for health problems Discussing allergies Interview with cosmetic surgeon Why allergies are increasing A get well soon note Informal writing: e-mails Pronunciation & spelling Collocations: way Sounding sympathetic Discussing antisocial behaviour Discussing art Debating censorship How to speak politely Nuisance behaviour Interview with a naturist Interview with a censor A discursive composition Sounding natural & polite Polite requests point Discussing school subjects Talking about courses Pros & cons of university systems Discussing exams People talking about teachers Facebook website Preparing for exams A CV Writing a grant application letter Review of strong & weak forms of modals & auxiliaries Collocations: Education words Enquiring Discussing films Discussing TV shows Debating trash TV Discussion about films Radio report about interactive show How to enjoy watching a film with subtitles A film review Silent vowels A night in or out? Television words 3
Unit Language focus Vocabulary Reading 7 Crime doesn t pay page 62 Alternatives to modal verbs Reported questions Verb patterns Modal verbs Crimes Punishments Identity theft Piracy bother Crimes in world cities Cyber bullying Rock stars opinions on music piracy 8 In the hot seat page 70 Unreal conditionals: present & past Real conditionals Prepositional phrases Local problems Who cares? / I don t care Quotations by famous politicians Infamous scandals 9 Global inequality page 78 Future forms will & going to Charities NGOs Global concerns still, mind you, though UN World Food Programme Amnesty International, Friends of the Earth & Oxfam Nike World English DVD 3 Riding the storm / White-collar prisoners page 86 Flashback 3 page 88 10 Culture shock page 90 Articles Expressing contrast Comparatives & superlatives Personality adjectives Compound adjectives Marriage & gifts that s all / and all (that) Global beauty Wedding presents around the world Prejudice in the workplace How to interpret small ads 11 Icons page 98 Defining & non-defining relative clauses which what Modals of deduction (past) Modals of deduction (present) Types of music Music words Homophones that kind / sort of thing Biographical texts Quotations about & by Eminem Good luck charms 12 On the couch page 106 some- / any- / no- I wish & If only self- Phrasal verbs Madness & genius An extract from Bridget Jones Diary The Emotional Intelligence quiz Link between madness & genius it / that depends How to use your dictionary World English DVD 4 Bantu refugees page 114 Flashback 4 page 116 Communication bank page 118 4
Contents Speaking Listening Writing Pronunciation Takeaway English / Zoom in Describing local crimes Debating suitable punishments Discussing music piracy Crime & punishment in Singapore Radio report about identity theft Opinions on music piracy A campaign poster A news article Sounding grateful or annoyed Collocations: rob & steal Accepting & rejecting offers Talking about political leaders Telling & detecting lies Discussing local problems Opinions on politics How to spot a liar Radio phone-in about problems in Los Angeles A letter to the editor Word-building & word stress (2) Making excuses care How to talk on the telephone Discussing ads Talking about charities Discussing donations to charity Lecture on advertising World forums A protest leaflet A job application letter Stressed & unstressed syllables: schwa Collocations: mind Applying for voluntary work Discussing cultural misconceptions & comparisons Discussing global beauty Predicting survey results Cultural misconceptions Unlikely couples Radio programme on a marriage survey Taking notes A short report on marriage Review of strong & weak forms of pronouns, articles & conjunctions Generalising Compound adjectives with prepositions Talking about tastes in music Talking about cultural icons Discussing the role of protest songs Top five CDs People giving opinions about Eminem People discussing lucky charms Songs: Strange Fruit A description of a lucky charm Writing text messages Homophones Phrasal verbs with out Signs & notices Doing & discussing a quiz about emotional intelligence Talking about dreams Discussing madness & genius A radio phone-in on people s problems People talking about their childhood dreams Two biographies Song: I ve Never Been to Me A biography Prepositions & sentence stress Feeling blue Adjectives + dependent prepositions 5
1 The gender gap At work Present tense overview Word-building & word stress (1) A profile Jobs Character adjectives Phrasal verbs with up just Collocations: take Speaking & Vocabulary Jobs 1 In your country, which of these jobs are normally done by a) men, b) women or c) both equally? nurse computer programmer secretary babysitter mechanic bank manager hairdresser airline pilot air cabin crew university lecturer engineer architect 2 Which jobs do you think are more suited to a) women and b) men? Give reasons for your answers. 3 Look at the two adverts and answer these questions. 1 What do the pictures in the adverts show? 2 Is there anything unusual or surprising about them? 3 What is the message of the advertising campaign? 4 Do you agree with this message? 4 Look at the table and follow the instructions. 1 Work in pairs. Complete the table below with the percentage of men and women you think are employed in the following sectors in your country. 2 Compare your answers with other pairs. employment your country the UK sectors / (%) / (%) a) computing b) architecture 14 / 86 c) primary school teaching d) the law e) hairdressing f) the police force g) nursing 90 / 10 h) banking / insurance 5 You are going to read an article called Girls still choose women s jobs. Work in pairs. Which sentences (1 6) do you think are true? 1 Statistics show that nothing much has changed for women at work or at school. 2 There is real equality in sectors like banking and insurance. 3 Women aren t taking more risks at work. 4 Women can feel optimistic about the future. 5 Women outnumber men in higher-paid professions such as architecture and medicine. 6 Boys prefer to study languages and girls Maths. 6 Try the internet activities for this unit at www.webframework.net
The gender gap 1 Reading 1 Read the article and check your answers to Exercise 5 on page 6. Correct the untrue sentences. 2 Complete the UK column in the table on page 6 with the correct percentages from the article. 5 10 15 Girls still choose women s jobs We all believe in equality, especially young people, but new research shows that nothing much has changed at school or at work boys still prefer to study Maths and girls languages. Government campaigns such as What s stopping you? are not making an impact either. A survey organised by the EOC (Equal Opportunities Commission) shows that most children still choose school subjects and build their future careers on very traditional models. Men frequently opt for high-powered careers in architecture, computing and the police force (86, 84 and 80 per cent of total workers, respectively) professions they have dominated for generations. As EOC chairwoman Julie Mellor says, Working women are taking more risks, but normally concentrate their attention on a narrow range of occupations, all at the lower-paid end of the labour market. Statistics back this up. In lower-paid professions such as nursing, 20 25 hairdressing and primary school teaching, women take 90, 88 and 86 per cent of the posts, respectively. There are signs for optimism though. Currently, women are beginning to work in higher-paid professions. There is real equality in sectors such as banking and insurance here women represent 52 per cent of the workforce while the number of female employees in the law sector has risen rapidly in the last few years: women make up 37 per cent of solicitors, lawyers and judges. 3 Find information in the article which supports these statements. 1 Young people are not taking any notice of campaigns such as What s stopping you?. 2 There have always been more men in highpowered careers. 3 Women tend to focus on a limited selection of career choices. 4 The future is looking brighter for women at work. Language focus Present tenses Look at these sentences from the article. Match the words in bold to the tenses (a c). 1 Working women are taking more risks 2 professions they have dominated for generations. 3 Men frequently opt for high-powered careers a) Present Perfect b) Present Simple c) Present Continuous Now match the tenses to their uses. 1 We use the to talk about facts, habits and things that occur repeatedly. 2 We use the to talk about a situation that began in the past and continues into the present; or to talk about something that happened at an indefinite time in the past. 3 We use the to talk about present situations which are temporary or changing. Find more examples of the three tenses in the article. Practice 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense to complete the sentences. 1 My parents have always had (have) the same job. 2 More and more women (start) to work in traditionally male professions. 3 Most women in my country (not / work) after they have children. 4 The number of men working as nurses or teachers (increase) recently. 5 My father (earn) more than my mother; this is normal. 6 The number of women in positions of political power (rise) all the time. 2 Are these sentences true for you or your country? Discuss with a partner. See Reference Guide, pp. 2 4. See Workbook, pp. 3 4, exs. 1 4. Present Simple & Continuous: Try the interactive activity on your CD-ROM. Unit 1: The gender gap 7
Stereotypes Vocabulary Character adjectives 1 Choose from these adjectives to complete the sentences below. passive apologetic patronising emotional aggressive competitive rude insensitive dishonest bossy selfish introverted Speaking & Reading 1 Look at the photo. What stereotypes about men and women does it represent? 2 Read this extract from an Australian website about gender in the workplace and answer the questions. Which pieces of advice are directed at men and which at women? How do you know? a): I think it s directed at men as men can be rude. http://www.stereotypes.org Stop being a stereotype Seven ways you can help mend fences in the sex war a) Focus on being more polite. Use words such as please when you make a request. b) If you make a mistake, own up to it. Don t blame others! c) Speak up! Don t allow them to interrupt you. Stand up for yourself! d) Lighten up! Don t take things too seriously. Learn to separate business matters from your personal feelings. e) Don t use names like sweetheart, honey, dear or darling it s condescending. f) If you don t succeed, don t give up! You know you can compete! g) Say what you feel. Don t bottle up your emotions. 3 Which pieces of advice do you agree / disagree with? Why? According to the website, 1 stereotypical men are 2 stereotypical women are 2 Do you know anyone (real or fictitious) who breaks the stereotype mould? They say that most men are insensitive, but X is not like that. In fact, he s very 3 Tell the class about the person you chose. If you talked about a famous person, do they agree? Vocabulary Phrasal verbs with up 1 Look at the website again. Find six examples of phrasal verbs with up. Match them to the definitions below. 1 don t be so serious 4 defend 2 stop doing something 5 repress 3 admit 6 protest 2 The particle up can have many different meanings. Match the verbs in the box below to each category (1 3). He looked up and saw the plane. 1 I gave up running after my accident. 2 She couldn t hear the radio so she turned it up. 3 We had to drink up very fast, because the pub was closing. The teacher told me to sit up straight. I really cheered up when I heard the good news. The price of oil shot up during the Gulf War. Don t use up all the milk, it s for breakfast! I ran up the hill to catch the bus. 1 In an upward direction: look up, 2 Complete or end an action: give up, 3 An increase or improvement: turn up,... 3 Find two other phrasal verbs with up in the text on page 7. Can you guess their meaning? 8 Phrasal verbs with up : Try the interactive activity on your CD-ROM.
The gender gap 1 Listening 1 Look at the picture. Describe what the man and woman are doing. Why is the picture unusual? 2 1.1 Listen to Jurgen and Tracey having an argument about doing the household chores. Answer these questions. 1 What is the argument about? 2 Why is Jurgen angry with Tracey and vice versa? 3 What does Jurgen do in the end? 4 What is Tracey s reaction? 3 Look at this extract from the conversation. Underline examples of the three present tenses. I ve just come back from the shops and right now I m making your dinner I know you always think it appears by magic 4 Circle the three adverbs connected with the verbs. Language focus just + Present Perfect & Present Continuous just 1 1.2 Listen to these extracts from Transcript 1.1 and number them in the order you hear them. a) JURGEN: I ve just come back from the shops. b) JURGEN: I ve just had enough! c) TRACEY: This is just my way of relaxing. 2 In which sentence (a, b or c) does just mean only ; a few minutes ago ; really? 3 Just has a lot of different meanings. Sometimes it is used for emphasis only: Just do it!, Just shut up!. 4 Just can appear in a different position depending on the words it combines with. Add just in the correct place in each of the following sentences. 1 I m going out to the shops. 2 Don t worry. It s a window slamming. 3 I can t wait any longer. 4 The match has finished. 5 There was enough time. 5 1.3 Listen and check. Practice 6 Match the sentences in Exercise 4 (1 5) to the different meanings of just (a e). a) only d) exactly b) right now e) a short time ago c) really Match the pictures to the four phrases (a-d) below. 1 3 a) OK, I m just leaving! b) Sorry, he s just left! c) Actually, we re just having lunch. d) No, it s fine, we ve just had lunch. Complete the sentences with one of the phrases below. a short time ago right now / at the moment 1 With the Present Continuous, just means. 2 With the Present Perfect, just means. See Reference Guide, p. 4. See Workbook, p. 4, ex. 3d. 1 Think of a suitable response to these questions. 1 Would you like some of these chocolates? No thanks, I ve just had a big lunch. 2 Do you fancy going out for a coffee? 3 I haven t seen James for ages! I wonder how he is. 4 Have you finished that report yet? 5 Why is there water all over the floor? 2 4 Unit 1: The gender gap 9
a b c In the picture Speaking 1 Look at photos a c. What jobs are shown? How do you know? 2 How do these photos differ from our expectations of these jobs and the people who do them? We don t expect women to be miners as they are not as physically strong as men. 3 Work in pairs. Look at photos d f (famous women). Who are they? Take turns choosing one of the photos (a f). Keep your choice a secret. Describe the photo. Your partner guesses which one it is. She looks very excited in this photo. She looks like a little girl. She s wearing Reading 1 Read the introduction to the article and find out 1 who Naomi Stein is. 2 what her new book is about. 3 what kind of people she works with. Every picture tells a story Name a celebrity and Naomi Stein has probably photographed them. She became famous in the seventies for her photos of John Lennon and The Rolling Stones. Her new book, The Female Gaze, presents a hundred intimate portraits of women: from teachers and soldiers to athletes and mothers just women. Dave Weich met Naomi in New York, where she described to him four of her favourite photographs. 1 She is so tough here, that s what I like about this image.we re not used to seeing photos of women dressed in this uniform. In fact, this photo represents a reversal of all we ve been led to believe about women being passive this photo shows we can also be symbols of authority. She also seems very proud of what she s doing. It shows how well we can compete out there on the streets. 2 It s a very playful portrait but at the same time quite moving, because of her story, of course. I had photographed her before, almost a year after John died, I think, and I thought it would be interesting to do her face close-up one more time.you can see how strong she is in this picture, in spite of the sadness, how her eyes shine out behind those shades. 3 I really like this shot I like the way it captures her pride. She has a very excited look on her face, which seems to me very lifelike, the way she s sitting there expectantly.you can feel that she is about to achieve something important. Again, there s something about her suit here which is very masculine, you know, with all the flags and symbols on it, but it fits her so well. 4 This is a working woman, concentrated and professional. Although it s very posed with that dark background, I think it s a beautifully formal photo. Businesslike and secure, but with that essential touch of femininity. It shows how a woman can impress and succeed. We tend to associate men with power, with achievement, with being in charge so why not a woman? 10
d e f The gender gap 1 2 Read the rest of the article. Identify which of the above photos Stein mentions (two do not apply). Collocations: take 3 Which of the texts (1 4) mentions these points? More than one text may apply. a) masculinity b) uniforms c) a natural or unnatural pose d) power e) facial expression 4 Are these statements true (T) or false (F), according to the article? 1 It s surprising to see a photo of a female police officer. 2 Stein thinks Yoko Ono s portrait shows her emotions. 3 Yoko Ono had never been photographed by Stein before. 4 The photo shows that the astronaut is nervous about her journey. 5 Hillary Clinton didn t pose very naturally for her portrait. 6 Hillary Clinton doesn t look very feminine in her portrait. 5 From the context, guess the meaning of the six words or expressions highlighted in the text. 1 Find other ways of saying photograph in the article on page 10. shot, 2 What verb is used with a photograph? Complete the sentences. a) I the photo yesterday. b) I had my photo yesterday. 3 What is the difference between a) and b)? 4 Which of these nouns can be used with take? What verb can be used with the others? a photo an appointment a photo coffee a break a noise a call take? a holiday action a decision a profit notes 5 Which nouns can be used with both verbs? 6 Can you find other noun collocations with take in your dictionary? Pronunciation Word-building & word stress (1) Do Pronunciation Worksheet 1. Unit 1: The gender gap 11
b Profiles a Speaking 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. 1 What do you think these people do for a living? 2 What do they have in common? 2 Match the people (a d) to the descriptions (1 4). He / She is 1 a hair stylist who received an award from the Queen in 2007 for services to hairdressing. 2 a lawyer and became president of Argentina in 2007. 3 a sailor who broke the world record for the fastest solo journey around the world in 2005. 4 a principal ballet dancer who won the Prix de Lausanne in 1990. He might be a hair stylist, he looks quite artistic. 3 Check the answers with your teacher and answer these questions. 1 Are you surprised by what you learned? Why? 2 What difficulties do you think each person experienced in reaching his / her goal? 3 Who do you think experienced the most difficulties? Why? c d Vocabulary Time expressions & linking phrases 1 Read about Yoko Ono. Connect the linking phrases in column A to an ending from column B. Yoko Ono A 1 Much more than a famous widow 2 Born in 3 At the age of 4 There, she started her career 5 She became a celebrity after meeting 6 Three years later 7 In 1975 8 As time passed 9 However, she became unpopular 10 Her life changed forever in 11 Since John s death 12 Now in her seventies B a) 1980, when John was assassinated. b) Yoko Ono is a symbol of the sixties peace movement, an accomplished artist in her own right. c) she still makes great art and music and is now a grandmother. d) John and Yoko s artistic partnership grew. e) they had a son Sean Ono Taro Lennon. f) Japan in 1933. g) 14, she moved to the USA. h) they got married. i) she has continued to be one of the most interesting female artists of her generation. j) John Lennon at a party in London in 1966. k) because people thought she was the reason for The Beatles break-up. l) as an experimental film-maker and conceptual artist. 2 Check your answers in the completed biographical text on page 118. 12 Sequencers: Try the interactive activity on your CD-ROM.
The gender gap 1 Language focus Past Simple Look at these sentences from the text about Yoko Ono. 1 There, she started her career 2 Three years later they got married. 3 Her life changed forever in 1980 We use the Past Simple a) to describe completed actions or events. b) to talk about when an event happened. Underline the Past Simple verbs in the text and put them in the correct category. Regular verbs: moved, Irregular verbs: grew, Underline all the time expressions in the text. At the age of 14 See Reference Guide, pp. 4 5. See Workbook, p. 4, ex. 5. Practice 1 Answer these questions using the Past Simple. Compare your answers with a partner. 1 Where were you born? Did you grow up there? 2 When did you start school? Did you like it? 3 When did you go abroad for the first time? Where did you go? Listening 1 1.4 Listen to the life story of a famous woman. Can you guess who she is? Writing A profile Prepare a profile of a famous person who is still alive. Follow these stages. Stage 1. Brainstorm and / or research information about a famous person. YOKO ONO: married to John Lennon born 1933 in Japan now a grandmother had son Sean in 1975... Stage 2. Order the above information into at least four paragraphs. 2 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Where was she born? 2 Where did she meet her husband? 3 What issues are important to her? 4 What happened in 2000? 5 How many terms did she serve in the US Senate? 6 According to the text, how does she feel towards Barack Obama? 3 Listen again. Write down any past tenses and time expressions that you hear. She was born in 1947. 4 What is the significance of these names: Chelsea, Yale, Arkansas, Illinois, New York and Obama? Retell the story in your own words using these names. YOKO ONO Paragraph 1: Reason for fame (present tenses) What is she famous for? Paragraph 2: Early life and career in the USA (past tenses) Where did she live? How did she first start to perform? Paragraph 3: Rise to fame (past tenses) How and when did she become famous? Paragraph 4: Life and career today (present tenses) What has she done recently / is she doing? Stage 3. Write a first draft. Get feedback from a partner or your teacher. Use some of the time expressions in the Vocabulary section on page 12. Stage 4. Prepare a final draft. Don t forget to check through your work before handing it in. Irregular past tense: Try the interactive activity on your CD-ROM. Now do Unit Test 1 on your CD-ROM. Unit 1: The gender gap 13