SECOND ANNUAL EUROCIRCOL

Grant Agreement No: 654305 EuroCirCol European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme, Research and Innovation Action MILESTONE REPORT SECOND ANNUAL EUROCIRCOL COLLABORATION MEETING Document identifier: Due date: End of Month 24 (June 2017) Report release date: 30/06/2017 Work package: Lead beneficiary: Document status: WP1 Management, coordination and implementation CERN RELEASED (V1.0) Abstract: In the scope of the annual meeting report on progress, showstoppers and findings in the form of selective workshop presentations. Management and governance bodies of the project review the progress. The approved minutes of the bodies will be made available to the Consortium members and appropriate news coverage will be performed via the channels identified in the communication plan. Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 1 / 14

Copyright notice: Copyright EuroCirCol Consortium, 2015 For more information on EuroCirCol, its partners and contributors please see www.cern.ch/eurocircol. The European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study (EuroCirCol) project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. EuroCirCol began in June 2015 and will run for 4 years. The information herein only reflects the views of its authors and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information. Delivery Slip Name Partner Date Authored by Edited by Reviewed by Panagiotis Charitos Antoine Chance Andrei Seryi Francis Perez Davide Tommasini Julie Hadre Johannes Gutleber Michael Benedikt Frank Zimmermann CERN CEA JAI ALBA CERN 07/06/17 CERN 13/06/17 CERN 20/06/17 Approved by EuroCirCol Coordination Committee 06/07/17 Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 2 / 14

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. WP1 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY... 4 1.1. 3 RD COLLABORATION BOARD... 4 1.2. OUTREACH REPORT... 6 2. WP2 ARC DESIGN SUMMARY... 11 3. WP3 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN SUMMARY... 12 4. WP4 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN SUMMARY... 12 5. WP5 HIGH FIELD MAGNET SUMMARY... 13 ANNEX: GLOSSARY... 14 Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 3 / 14

1. WP1 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 1.1. 3 RD COLLABORATION BOARD All the milestones and deliverables have been submitted in due time to the EC. One can access the reports on the EuroCirCol website (http://eurocircol.eu/ -> Project -> Dashboard). The CB members have been reminded by R. Aleksan that these reports should be submitted in due time to the EC as they are part of the contract signed with the EC. Table 1 Deliverables and Milestones WP Report type Due date Title Lead beneficiary 1 Milestone 01/07/2015 EuroCirCol Kick-off Meeting CERN 1 Milestone 01/08/2015 Web site available CERN 1 Deliverable 01/10/2015 Preliminary collider baseline parameters CERN 2 Milestone 01/11/2015 WP group established and hiring complete CEA 3 Milestone 01/11/2015 WP group established and hiring complete UOXF 4 Milestone 01/11/2015 WP group established and hiring complete ALBA 5 Milestone 01/11/2015 WP group established and hiring complete CERN 1 Milestone 01/12/2015 QA, publication and communication plan CERN 5 Milestone 01/04/2016 Baseline specifications and assumptions for CERN accelerator magnet 1 Milestone 01/05/2016 1st Annual EuroCirCol Collaboration Meeting CERN 2 Milestone 01/05/2016 Preliminary arc optics and lattice files CEA 3 Milestone 01/05/2016 Preliminary EIR optics and lattice files UOXF 2 Deliverable 01/06/2016 Overview of arc design options CEA 1 Milestone 01/06/2016 Annual Report CERN 1 Milestone 01/06/2016 Collider baseline parameters CERN 4 Milestone 01/06/2016 Beam screen model heat load and photo-electrons ALBA density analysis 1 Deliverable 01/07/2016 Communication and outreach strategy CERN 3 Deliverable 01/09/2016 Overview of EIR design options UOXF 4 Milestone 01/09/2016 Measurement setup at light source operational ALBA 5 Deliverable 01/11/2016 Overview of magnet design options CERN 2 Deliverable 01/12/2016 Overview of collimation concepts CEA 4 Milestone 01/12/2016 Proposal of coatings to mitigate electron-cloud ALBA effects 1 Deliverable 01/12/2016 Periodic report 1 CERN 1 Milestone 01/03/2017 2nd Annual EuroCirCol Collaboration Meeting CERN 4 Deliverable 01/04/2017 Analysis of vacuum stability at cryogenic ALBA temperature 3 Milestone 01/05/2017 Requirements and constraints of EIR design options on WP3, WP4, WP5 UOXF Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 4 / 14

The EuroCirCol mid-term review has taken place during the FCC Week, on 01 June 2017 in Berlin. Oliver Kester from Triumf has been nominated as reviewer. The review results as well as the review report will be circulated to the EuroCirCol study members in due time. The proposal for the EU ITN project EASItrain (European Advanced Superconductivity Innovation and Training) has been accepted by the EC (easitrain.web.cern.ch). The project should start on 01 October 2017 until 30 September 2021 and will be coordinated by CERN. The kickoff meeting is scheduled at CERN on 05 and 06 September 2017. Table 2 EASItrain organisation WP NAME LEAD CO-LEAD 1 Management CERN A. Ballarino CERN M. Benedikt 2 Materials TUW M. Eisterer CERN S. Hopkins 3 Manufacturing INFN V. Palmieri CERN S. Calatroni 4 Cryogenics TUD C. Haberstroh CEA F. Millet 5 Valorisation WUW P. Keinz CERN J. Gutleber 6 Training CNR M. Putti WUW P. Keinz 7 Communications CERN P. Charitos TM M. Mosslechner Hiring of 18 students has started (http://easitrain.web.cern.ch/vacancies.html ). Contracts should start no later than 01 January 2018, assignments are for 36 months. Table 3 EASItrain employers Employer Location Topic CERN Geneva (CH) Interface thin film/substrateat cryogenic temperatures Bruker Hanau (DE) Wires at low temperatures CEA Grenoble (FR) Cooling architectures CEA Paris (FR) Thermal properties of coils WUW Vienna (AT) Transfer of knowledge from science to market TUW Vienna (AT) SC wire and thinfilm characteristics TUW Vienna (AT) Microstructure of SC materials CNR-SPIN Genoa (IT) Thallium thin films and MgB2 wires Columbus Genoa (IT) MgB2 wire production techniques HZB Berlin (DE) SC thin film production and characterization I-CUBE Toulouse (FR) Electro hydraulic forming for metals INFN-LNL Legnaro (IT) Thin film coating (cavities) University Siegen Siegen (DE) RF properties of SC thin films University Stuttgart Stuttgart (DE) Turbocompressor for light gases TU Dresden Dreden (DE) Nelium refrigeration and test stand Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 5 / 14

1.2. OUTREACH REPORT 1.2.1. Public Exhibition Small particles, big machines Small particles, big machines was the theme of the public hands-on exhibition that run in parallel to the FCC Week 2017 in Berlin from 30 May to 5 June 2017. The exhibition was well attended with special visits of schools taking place in the morning (2 groups per day) and general public visits in the evening. In total about 1000 visitors had the chance to visit this exhibition and immerse in the world of particle physics. The event was organised by the FCC Collaboration, CERN & DESY in the Urania centre, with the objective of bringing closer to the public the science and technology of particle physics and particle accelerators. The exhibition included LHC s interactive tunnel, where visitors could experience the concept of a Higgs field and play football with protons, creating virtual hadron-hadron collisions that were displayed on a big screen. A model of the ATLAS detector, a mechanically operated ball accelerator and a set of 20 posters produced for this occasion by the FCC study office gave to visitors a unique insight into the workings of real particle accelerators and the future facilities that are being designed. A group of physics students from all over Germany helped supervising the demonstrations, explaining the science behind the exhibits and answering questions from interested visitors. The University of Liverpool, that coordinates the communication working package of EuroCirCol, contributed to the exhibition with a salad bowl accelerator powered by a Van de Graaff generator. 1.2.2. Public event Panel discussion took place on Wednesday, May 31, 2017 at 18:00, Urania Berlin Representatives from funding agencies, research centres, industry and the media are discussing the topic "Can we do a little bigger? - Pros and Cons of large-scale research facilities - and what's in it for me? Large-scale research facilities represent significant investments by society. They help us to push further back our knowledge of the universe, its tiniest components, and the laws that govern it. Do these findings justify the investment? What's the real scale of these investments and what does society really get from it? The discussion will take place after an introductory lecture on "Small particles, large machines" by the ATLAS Spokesperson Prof Karl Jakobs. 1.2.3. Presentation of virtual particle accelerator A virtual particle accelerator based on augmented reality that has been launched especially on occasion of the FCC Week. The app has been created by Chris Edmonds, an accelerator scientist based at the University of Liverpool, and it can be downloaded for free together with the templates to build the cubes from the website www.acceleratar.uk A special presentation of the application took place in the conference venue on Thursday 01 June during lunch break. 1.2.4. Networking event in Magnus Haus A public event bringing together scientists, industrial representatives and politicians was organized by German Physics Society (DPG) with the participation of the FCC study office. Around 50 participants had the chance to discuss about the socio-economic impact of large-scale research infrastructure and the importance of fostering international collaboration through science. The FCC study office prepared the invitation and the letter for this event and was actively involved in the invitation of participants from different fields (more than 100 invitations sent). Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 6 / 14

1.2.5. Preparation of a set of 20 posters The FCC study office development a set of 20 posters aiming to raise awareness about the FCC study and the different aspects of ongoing work. Moreover the exhibition illustrates the impact that R&D in fundamental science has in society by adopting a specific visual language (including texts & images obtained exclusively for this exhibition). The team also rented and installed a voting system (smiley box) to record the audience s attraction to this exhibition. The statistics show a quite good reception of the exhibition with 80% positive votes, 11% neutral and 9% of negative votes. The FCC study team has collected the results and will analyse them to further improve future versions of an FCC travelling exhibition. Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 7 / 14

1.2.6. Regularly covering the FCC week 2017 Storify was used again as the main blogging platform for covering this year s annual meeting. 35 stories were published during the 5 days of the conference a significant rise compared to the previous FCC week (26 stories). On Twitter we run about 40 tweets on a daily rate of 8 tweets while we increase the followers of the FCC study from 1220 to 1342 while we reached a total of 55.000 impressions. Figure 1 Total number of likes on Facebook: the image shows an increase during the FCC week up to 10 000 Figure 2 - Total number of likes on Facebook showing the organic and paid reach A dedicated campaign with a daily budget of 30 Euros was launched with primary target the engagement of more people with the FCC study tweets. Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 8 / 14

Figure 3 Top tweet during the FCC week: during the FCC week, there was an average of 10 tweets per day. Finally, on Facebook we posted about 40 posts reaching about 30000 people and getting about 9503 posts engagement. Figure 4 More summary statistics from FCC Facebook page during the FCC week Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 9 / 14

1.2.7. Publications in 3rd media channels i) H2020 magazine: https://horizon-magazine.eu/article/physicists-accelerate-plans-new-largehadron-collider-three-times-big_en.html ii) Physics.Org: https://phys.org/news/2017-05-physicists-large-hadron-collider-big.html iii) International Business Times: http://www.ibtimes.com/future-circular-collider-particleaccelerator-succeed-lhc-will-be-three-times-big-2546266 iv) Science Alert: https://www.sciencealert.com/work-is-already-beginning-on-the-large-hadroncollider-s-replacement v) http://www.iflscience.com/physics/the-next-particle-collider-could-be-seven-time-more-powerfulthan-the-lhc/ vi) ETEKnix blog: https://www.eteknix.com/cern-build-larger-hadron-collider/ vii) Daily Mail: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4560362/scientists-reveal-plansmassive-particle-accelerator.html viii) BBC 5 Live Science Podcast: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05518qd (after 20') ix) CERN bulletin: FCC week 2017: Diversity fuels progress https://home.cern/cernpeople/updates/2017/07/fcc-week-2017-diversity-fuels-progress x) European Physics Society newsletter: FCC week 2017 http://www.epsnews.eu/2017/06/report-onthe-fcc-week-2017-in-berlin/ xi) CERN website: How can cubes made of paper help teach particle physics? http://home.cern/students-educators/updates/2017/06/how-can-cubes-made-paper-help-teachparticle-physics xii) News.com.au: Scientists are planning to build a new particle accelerator three times longer than the Large Hadron Collider http://www.news.com.au/technology/science/scientists-are-planning-tobuild-a-new-particle-accelerator-three-times-longer-than-the-large-hadron-collider/newsstory/37937df290e3bfdf9bfa2625741b4a48 Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 10 / 14

2. WP2 ARC DESIGN SUMMARY The design, operational considerations, beam performances and the injector chain of the FCC-hh machine are reviewed all the day of Tuesday May 30. Some selected topics are then addressed on Wednesday May 31. The parameters and new 99.75-kilometer-long layout of the FCC-hh machine are shown. All presentations are about the new layout of the FCC-hh machine. The status of the different parts of the FCC-hh machine (arcs, experimental insertion, extraction and dump lines, injection and other experimental insertions, collimation insertions) are shown. The value of 45 meters for L* has been discussed. Because of the short timeline, it is decided to keep this value for the CDR writing. This value can be discussed again for a TDR. The main conclusions are: The experimental insertion region is consistent with the overall FCC-hh design and its performance goals. An alternative to crab cavities exists with a flat optics. Injection upstream to an experiment seems possible. An extraction line with a 2.5-kilometer-long dump is feasible. The beam dilution on the dump is addressed. Collimation studies are well advanced with a benchmarking of the codes. Collimators in the dispersion suppressors are proven as mandatory, are designed and successfully protect the arc entrances. Other promising schemes are addressed like hollow electron lenses or crystal channeling. The main current concern is how to clean off momentum protons. Alternatives to the arc cells exist. Discussions with magnet experts to converge to the magnet families are on good tracks. The studies have shown that the dynamic aperture is strongly degraded by Landau octupoles, beambeam effects, or inner triplet multipole components. Beam-beam effects are emphasized with magnet imperfections. Experimental data with LHC have validated this hypothesis. Compensation techniques like electron lenses must be investigated. An update of the single bunch instabilities has been shown. The impact of coating (HTS, amorphous carbon and laser) on impedance has been evaluated. It was enlightened that experimental data with an experimental set-up would be a big asset. The Landau damping with octupoles is updated for the new layout. An alternative to octupoles with an RF quadrupole is under investigation and the status has been shown. A status of the electron cloud studies has been given. One major conclusion is that the 12.5 ns spacing is more demanding than 25 ns spacing: the secondary electron yield should be decreased to enable such operational parameters. The longitudinal dynamics was addressed with the beam evolution while accelerating. The conclusions are that required voltage is very dependent on the optics choice. Additional cavity frequencies (800 MHz at top energy and 200 MHz at injection) will help. The studies have shown it will be very difficult to get a 5 ns spacing and the beam quality goals with the current injection chain. Beam injection considerations are exposed. The current FCC parameters are challenging to reach the resolution with pilot intensity, to get the beam sizes and to measure the tune. Injection region instrumentation should be studied in details. Status on the injection chain was exposed. LHC or scsps as an injector were discussed. First considerations on the needs in magnets and in layout changes (to change LHC from collider to injector) are detailed. Currently, it is still not possible to remove one of these two options. The studies will go on to refine the cost and performance impacts of each option. LHC as an injector stays the baseline. Ion operation has been discussed. The major concern is the collimation inefficiency. The additional collimators in the dispersion suppressors help a lot in reducing the cold losses in the arcs. Experimental Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 11 / 14

data of Pb interaction with material (with LHC for example) would be an advantage to validate the simulations. The status of SppC was shown. A special topic about the new collimation section mixing betatron and momentum cleaning in the same section was addressed. 3. WP3 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN SUMMARY The WP3 Experimental Interaction Region activities have been presented at numerous sessions during the FCC Week in Berlin. Many talks as well as several posters covered all tasks of WP3. The coordination task 3.1 manifested itself in the introductory overview talk on EIR design as well as in EuroCirCol coordination committee meeting as well as in the meeting related to EuroCirCol review. The task 3.2 optics development, has been presented in detail via numerous talks on EIR FF design for both round beam optics and flat beam optics, on optics corrections, on the effect of nonlinear errors on dynamic aperture and its optimization, and so on. Related to optics development, detailed studies on energy deposition in the inner triplet have been presented for all versions of the optics. A very important information related to the global optimization of FCC design the connection between the value of L* and the total length of the EIR insertion have been also presented and discussed both at the accelerator design sessions as well as in the detector design sessions. The present value of L* = 45m will be kept for the CDR studies, however there is understanding that this value would need to be reduced by about 10% in the next iteration of the design. The task 3.3 machine detector interface have been presented in talks describing various aspects of the design studies starting from elastic and inelastic protons and muons cross talk between the neighboring interaction regions to synchrotron radiation backgrounds in the detector. The task 3.4 beam-beam effects have been discussed in tight connection with the overall optics development, as this studies need to include realistic optics so the effects of beam-beams on the dynamic aperture could be realistically predicted. These studies gave us guidance for the necessary values of the crossing angles for various versions of the optics round or flat. Overall, our studies have shown that the design of the EIR is consistent with the overall design goals of FCC-hh. The meeting allowed us to review the state of the design, cross-connect our work stronger to the work of other work-packages, and to better plan the next design steps. 4. WP4 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN SUMMARY During the FCC week 2017 the activities directly related to the WP4 Cryogenic Beam Vacuum System Conception, of EuroCirCol were discussed in two oral sessions, on Wednesday, May 31st and on Thursday, June 1st; and at the poster session on Tuesday, May 30th afternoon. In addition, a parallel meeting of the WP4 team was held on the morning of Tuesday, May 30th. During the sessions, the progress and status of the different tasks of the WP4 were reviewed. With respect the Study of beam induced vacuum effects (Task 4.2) a complete simulation of the vacuum performance of the designed vacuum chamber screen was presented, with simulations linking the Synrad+ and the Molflow software results, giving already a quantification of the expected profile of the vacuum level along the arcs of FCC-hh. From this simulation, the allowed averaged particle density of 1015 H2/m3 is achievable. Also, the simulations of the expected vacuum behavior of the prototype to be installed in the ANKA setup is ready. These simulation will allow the confirmation, with experimental results, of the reliability of the computations. Finally, progress is being done in the end dipole absorber which cope with 19% of the total emitted power. The analysis of Mitigation strategies to reduce the beam induced vacuum effects (Task 4.3) as well as the Study of the vacuum stability at cryogenic temperatures (Task 4.4), which should give detailed experimental results to be able to define the final input parameters of the previous described simulations, are under way and have been presented. The main work until has been to prepare and Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 12 / 14

calibrate the setups for the measurements, and first results have been shown in the sessions. Next step, it is to fully characterize the laser treated samples, which is the initial mitigation method chosen. The final Conceptual design for the cryogenic beam vacuum system (Task 4.5) was also presented in one of the sessions, where an overview was given of the evolution of the design in the last two years in order to comply with all the requirements imposed by vacuum, cryogenics, thermal and mechanical stress robustness, beam stability and construction feasibility. Three prototypes are being constructed which will allow to test, in the ANKA setup, the behavior of the chamber under real conditions. Also, two new technologies used for the construction of the prototype, 3D laser printing and plasma cool spray, were presented, with a large potential to be used in large scale vacuum chamber construction. Finally, the test setup at ANKA for the Measurements on the cryogenic beam vacuum system prototypes (Task 4.6) was presented. The setup is completely ready, installation of the components, cabling, vacuum equipment and control system synchronized with the ANKA light source operation has been tested and first results of the slits conditioning have been shown in the sessions. The first prototype is installed and tests will be carried out in the following months. Until the end of 2018, the three prototypes will be installed in the setup. In summary, a full overview of the works performed along last year in the framework of the EuroCirCol WP4 was presented. 5. WP5 HIGH FIELD MAGNET SUMMARY During the FCC week 2017 the activities directly or indirectly related to the WP5 of EuroCirCol were discussed in 10 sessions distributed over three days and almost 40 talks. The first day (Tuesday) was devoted to the conductor, the following day (Wednesday) to the magnets, and the last day (Thursday) to the U.S. Program and to the review of the WP5 activities in view of the writer-up of the FCC CDR. In addition to these sessions, a global overview of the 16 T Magnets Programs was given on Monday, and a wrap-up presentation was given on Friday. The progress of WP5 with respect to the situation as presented during the FCC week in Rome in 2016 is considerable in every aspect for all the active tasks, i.e. task 5.2 (Study accelerator dipole magnet design options), task 5.3 (Develop dipole magnet cost model), task 5.5 (Conductor studies) and task 5.6 (Devise quench protection concept). Tasks 5.4 and task 5.7 have not yet been initiated, as planned. Concerning task 5.2 all the three design options considered in WP5 have been considerably reworked since the meeting in 2016: the designs are approaching maturity in both the electromagnetic and the mechanical features. Furthermore, the activity carried in WP5 has become a reference also for other initiatives which have in practice allowed to explore a fourth design option (the canted cosine theta), thanks to a contribution of PSI to the FCC project and a synergic initiative within the US Magnet Development Program. The amount of conductor needed for the different designs ranges for about 7400 tons for the cosinetheta and the block option, to 9000 tons for the common coil and almost 10000 tons for the canted cosinetheta. Concerning task 5.3 the activity since the last meeting in 2016 has been very on the electromechanical characterization of cables both at ambient temperature and at cold, and important progress has also been performed on the characterization of strands. In particular the activity on the strand for the first time shows a potential to be really representative and useful for setting the parameters for magnet design, thanks to a better understanding and management of the test conditions. Finally, task 5.6 has now integrated the most recent tools and methods for the CLIQ protection system. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison and benchmarking of various methods and computational tools has been performed, showing that the baseline used within the WP5 are well suited and accurate for the project. Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 13 / 14

ANNEX: GLOSSARY SI units and formatting according to standard ISO 80000-1 on quantities and units are used throughout this document where applicable. Acronym c.m. FCC FCC-hh FODO HE-LHC HL-LHC IBS IP LHC Nb3Sn Nb-Ti RF RMS SR SSC Definition Centre of Mass Future Circular Collider Hadron Collider within the Future Circular Collider study Focusing and defocusing quadrupole lenses in alternating order High Energy - Large Hadron Collider High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Intra Beam Scattering Interaction Point Large Hadron Collider Niobium-tin, a metallic chemical Niobium-titanium, a superconducting alloy Radio Frequency Root Mean Square Synchrotron Radiation Superconducting Super Collider Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 14 / 14